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Fig. 5 in The explosive radiation, intense host-shifts and long-term failure to speciate in the evolutionary history of the feather mite genus Analges (Acariformes: Analgidae) from European passerines

Fig. 5. Character tracing of two key morphological characteristics of Analges: finger-like process on tarsi III in males (A) and chelate hypertrophied legs III in heteromorph males (B). Changes were traced onto the final tree (Fig. 4) using likelihood asymmetrical two-parameter Markov model with differently estimated forward/backward rates of character state changes.

Fig. 4 in The explosive radiation, intense host-shifts and long-term failure to speciate in the evolutionary history of the feather mite genus Analges (Acariformes: Analgidae) from European passerines

Fig. 4. Diversification of Analges through time. A, dated maximum clade credibility tree revealed by BEAST analysis from concatenated COI, 16S and 28S sequences for Analges species and their outgroups. Intensity of node colouration designates PP of Bayesian analysis. The chronostratigraphic scale is given with absolute geological ages (MYA, million years ago). The node bars indicate credibility intervals (± 95% highest posterior densities HPD). Two columns of coloured squares on the right designate two taxonomic hypotheses of intrageneric groupings. The category 'ungrouped' describe male Analges without both chelate legs III and finger-like processes on tarsi III. B, lineages through time (LTT) plot for Analges. The upturn around 23 Mya reflects an acceleration in the rate of speciation which coincides with the origin of the crown in the Analges clade.

Fig. 3 in The explosive radiation, intense host-shifts and long-term failure to speciate in the evolutionary history of the feather mite genus Analges (Acariformes: Analgidae) from European passerines

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic conflict in the BI post-burnin trees reconstructed from concatenated sequences of COI, 16S and 28S as shown by consensus network analyses for threshold values 0.3 (A) and 0.012 (B). The hypothesized Analges corvinus–A. sturninus clade is depicted in red, the hypothesized Analges sp.n. 6–A. sturninus clade is depicted in blue. The numbers near splits are confidence values for alternate hypotheses.

Fig. 1 in The explosive radiation, intense host-shifts and long-term failure to speciate in the evolutionary history of the feather mite genus Analges (Acariformes: Analgidae) from European passerines

Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics applied in two different intrageneric groupings in the Analges genus. A, general view of male, Analges corvinus, ventral side; B, hypertrophied leg III in males of the passerinus species group, A. passerinus, dorsal side; C, hypertrophied leg III in males of the chelopus species group, A. spiniger, ventral side; D, male tarsus III with ventral finger-like process bearing seta w in Analgopsis subgenus, A. poppei, dorsal side; E, male tarsus III lacking the ventral process in Analges subgenus, A. corvinus, ventral side.

Fig. 2 in The explosive radiation, intense host-shifts and long-term failure to speciate in the evolutionary history of the feather mite genus Analges (Acariformes: Analgidae) from European passerines

Fig. 2. Neighbour-joining tree with sequence groups of putative Analges species recovered by automatic barcode gap discovery from COI barcode sequences.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Typical flight trajectory of a 7 mm diameter projectile attached to the front surface of a detonator after being propelled by the explosion

A typical result at different time steps of the flight trajectory of a 7 mm diameter projectile is shown in the video. First, the projectile is accelerated by the blast wave generated by the explosive. The projectile’s initial trajectory is hidden by the flash of the detonation. After its passage through the opaque gas cloud, the first appearance of the projectile is captured. A straight trajectory can be tracked. At the end of its straight flight in the air, the position of the projectile impact on the target is recorded.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Plate deformation and projectile perforation resulting from the explosion of 10 g of C4 at the entrance of the explosive driven shock tube

The video recorded by HSC2 shows : (i) the plate deformation at different time steps resulting from the explosion of 10 g of C4 at the entrance of the EDST and, and (ii) the position of the projectile’s impact point on the plate. Three different stages can be distinguished: In the first stage, an out-of-plane displacement is observed in an area corresponding to the cross-section of the EDST. In a second stage, the motion propagates toward the edges of the plate. In a third stage, the plate reaches its maximum displacement. At this final stage, the projectile fully perforates the plate near its center. The position of the projectile’s impact point in the plate gives insights about its trajectory inside the tube. After perforation, the projectile is deformed and no longer spherical. The rear half side of the projectile, which was in contact with the spherical explosive charge, has darkened due to the fire ball. The front half side is slightly flattened due to the impact of the plate.

opennotspecifiedMar 2019View details →

Barbara Thiers of the New York Botanical Garden and president of the Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections is among those leading the effort to harness the explosion of data being digitized by collections around the globe. Photograph: New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. in The Evolution of Natural History Collections

Barbara Thiers of the New York Botanical Garden and president of the Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections is among those leading the effort to harness the explosion of data being digitized by collections around the globe. Photograph: New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.

Fig. 5 in Explosive radiation at the origin of Old World fruit bats (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae)

Fig. 5 Results of the birth-death-shift model obtained with TreePar. Diversification rate through time in a the pteropodid tree and b the yinpterochiropteran tree

Fig. 3 Best shift configuration obtained with BAMM for a in Explosive radiation at the origin of Old World fruit bats (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae)

Fig. 3 Best shift configuration obtained with BAMM for a timecalibrated Yinpterochiroptera tree, showing branches where shifts have occurred (red circles) and colored according to net diversification rates. Below the tree is a time axis in million years before present and a temperature through time curve based on the δ 18O isotope as estimated by Zachos et al. (2001)

Fig. 4 A in Explosive radiation at the origin of Old World fruit bats (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae)

Fig. 4 A cohort matrix of the Yinpterochiroptera tree showing five different macroevolutionary regimes: Hipposideridae, Rhinolophidae, Pteropodidae, Pteropus, and the outgroup. Colors represent BAMM pairwise marginal probabilities of two branches sharing the same diversification rates

Fig. 1 in Explosive radiation at the origin of Old World fruit bats (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae)

Fig. 1 Results of the BAMM applied to the pteropodid phylogeny. a Posterior distribution of the number of diversification shifts in all replicates. b Tree in which branch lengths are proportional to the marginal probability of a shift occurring along that branch. c Time-

Fig. 2 in Explosive radiation at the origin of Old World fruit bats (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae)

Fig. 2 Rate-through-time plot based on the pteropodid phylogeny (a) with all species samples and (b) to the exclusion of Pteropus

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

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Phylogenomic and macroevolutionary evidence for an explosive radiation of a plant genus in the Miocene

Mountain systems harbor a substantial fraction of global biodiversity and, thus, provide excellent opportunities to study rapid diversification and to understand the historical processes underlying the assembly of biodiversity hotspots. The rich biodiversity in mountains is widely regarded as having arisen under the influence of geological and climatic processes as well as the complex interactions among them. However, the relative contribution of geology and climate in driving species radiation is seldom explored. Here, we studied the evolutionary radiation of Oreocharis (Gesneriaceae), which has diversified extensively throughout East Asia, especially within the Hengduan Mountains (HDM), using transcriptomic data and a time calibrated phylogeny for 88% (111/126) of all species of the genus. In particular, we applied phylogenetic reconstructions to evaluate the extent of incomplete lineage sorting accompanying the early and rapid radiation in the genus. We then fit macroevolutionary models to explore its spatial and diversification dynamics in Oreocharis and applied explicit birth-death models to investigate the effects of past environmental changes on its diversification. Evidence from 574 orthologous loci suggest that Oreocharis underwent an impressive early burst of speciation starting ca. 12 Ma in the Miocene, followed by a drastic decline in speciation toward the present. Although we found no evidence for a shift in diversification rate across the phylogeny of Oreocharis, we showed a difference in diversification dynamics between the HDM and non-HDM lineages, with higher diversification rates in the HDM. The diversification dynamic of Oreocharis is most likely positively associated with temperature-dependent speciation and dependency on the Asian monsoons. We suggest that the warm and humid climate of the mid-Miocene was probably the primary driver of the rapid diversification in Oreocharis, while mountain building of the HDM might have indirectly affected species diversification of the HDM lineage. This study highlights the importance of past climatic changes, combined with mountain building, in creating strong environmental heterogeneity and driving diversification of mountain plants, and suggests that the biodiversity in the HDM cannot directly be attributed to mountain uplift, contrary to many recent speculations.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2015View details →

Constraints on the explosion mechanism and progenitors of Type Ia supernovae

Model spectra from <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014MNRAS.441..532D">Dessart et al. 2014, MNRAS, 441, 532</a>. This also includes the input hydrodynamical model at 0.98 d past explosion.

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Explosive Cenozoic origin and diversity-dependent diversification dynamics shaped the evolution of Australian skipper butterflies

Australia was predominantly tropical for most of the early Cenozoic, then transitioned to a cooler and drier climate in the Oligocene. In response to this increasing aridity, some lineages adapted to more xeric ecosystems, contracted, or became restricted to increasingly fragmented mesic refugia, or went extinct. Yet, the lack of macroevolutionary studies at a continental scale precludes a better understanding of Australian biodiversity patterns and processes during the Cenozoic. Here, we infer a robust dated phylogenomic tree for a radiation of Australian endemic butterflies, the Trapezitinae skippers, to test the impact of biotic and abiotic drivers on Cenozoic diversification dynamics in Australia. These butterflies originated during the Eocene (ca. 42 Ma) in the mesic biome of Australia. Trapezitinae exploded in diversity during a cool, dry period in the late Oligocene and early Miocene, then experienced a sharp deceleration in speciation. Xeric ecosystems appear to have been colonized more recently, supporting the hypothesis of arid and semi-arid biomes as evolutionary sinks. Temperature-dependent and phytophagy-dependent diversification models received little support. Instead, we find evidence for diversity-dependent processes with a declining diversification in Trapezitinae likely linked to limited ecological opportunities following a rapid initial burst of diversification.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

Grond reports for the seismic moment tensor inversions done for "The January 2022 Hunga Volcano explosive eruption from the multi-technological perspective of CTBT monitoring"

This are the Grond reports of the seismic moment tensor inversion done for the manuscript submitted to GJI titled: "The January 2022 Hunga Volcano explosive eruption from the multi-technological perspective of CTBT monitoring" You can view the summary figures of the inversions in the subfolders for each event manually if you wish. However to view the reports interactively you need to have the pyrocko and grond softwares installed. See here for installation instruction for pyrocko: https://pyrocko.org/ and here for grond https://pyrocko.org/grond/docs/current/ After correct installation you can view the reports in any browser by executing the command "grond report --so" in the folder which contains the unpacked "report" folder.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

The explosive activity of the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain)

The dataset includes the results of the image analyses of the high-speed videos of the 2021 Tajogaite eruption of Cumbre Vieja volcano, La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain. The results of the Optical Flow analyses include 123 files, one for each video, with the name indicating the date and time (UTC) of the video in the DDMMYYYY_HHMM format and the frame interval at which the analysis was performed. These data are grafically presented in the Supporting_Atlas file that accompanies the manuscript by the same title as the dataset and in part in Figure 6. The files named 'all_info' and 'all_info_types' collect all the metadata of the videos and, the latter one, also the division in the different activities we identified, plus the results of the pulse freqency and average maximum velocity analyses that appear in Figure 7 of the manuscirpt. The results of the grain size distribution, size and rise velocity of the pyroclasts, and mean rise speed and mass flux are reported for 12 selected videos with the the same name format and the suffix '_sizevel'. These data appear in Figure 8 of the manuscript.

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Data from: Contrasting patterns of disparity suggest differing constraints on the evolution of trilobite cephalic structures during the Cambrian 'explosion'

Trilobites are an abundant group of Palaeozoic euarthropods that appear abruptly in the fossil record c. 521 million years ago. Quantifying the development of morphological variation (or 'disparity') through time in fossil groups like trilobites is critical in understanding evolutionary radiations such as the Cambrian 'explosion'. Here, I use geometric morphometrics to quantify 'cumulative disparity' in functionally-important structures within the trilobite cephalon across their initial radiation during Cambrian Series 2. Overall cephalic disparity increased rapidly and attained a maximum within several million years. This pattern is dominated by the cephalic outline (in particular the genal spines), reflecting rapid, convergent expansion to the extremes of morphospace in a few early families. In contrast, removing the outline and focusing on structures such as the glabella and eye ridges (associated with feeding and vision, respectively) showed a more gradual increase in disparity, closer in line with taxonomic diversity and supporting the hypothesis of a relatively accurate trilobite fossil record. These contrasting patterns suggest that disparity in different structures was constrained in different ways, with extrinsic (ecological) factors likely having the biggest impact on overall disparity. It also implies that patterns of disparity in isolated substructures cannot necessarily be taken individually as representative of overall morphologies.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →