Find research datasets worth reusing

Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.

datasets available to search

ShareScore release 0.9.0

Dataset results

99 results for “flowering phenology”

Learn how ShareScore rates datasets ↗

dryad32/100

Data from: Phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolution contribute to advancing flowering phenology in response to climate change

Anthropogenic climate change has already altered the timing of major life history transitions, such as the initiation of reproduction. Both phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolution can underlie rapid phenological shifts in response to climate change but their relative contributions are poorly understood. Here, we combine a continuous 38-year field survey with quantitative genetic field experiments to assess adaptation in the context of climate change. We focused on Boechera stricta (Brassicaeae), a mustard native to the U.S. Rocky Mountains. Flowering phenology advanced significantly from 1973-2011, and was strongly associated with warmer temperatures and earlier snowmelt dates. Strong directional selection favored earlier flowering in contemporary environments (2010-2011). Climate change could drive this directional selection, and promote even earlier flowering as temperatures continue to increase. Our quantitative genetic analyses predict a response to selection of 0.2 to 0.5 days acceleration in flowering per generation, which could account for more than 20% of the phenological change observed in the long-term dataset. However, the strength of directional selection and the predicted evolutionary response are likely much greater now than even 30 years ago because of rapidly changing climatic conditions. We predict that adaptation will likely be necessary for long-term in situ persistence in the context of climate change.

opencc-zeroDec 2011View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Evidence of genetic change in the flowering phenology of sea beets along a latitudinal cline within two decades

Sea beets grown from seeds collected in 1989 and 2009 along the coasts of France and adjacent regions were compared for flowering date under controlled conditions. Seeds from both collection years were sown simultaneously and cultivated under the same glasshouse conditions. Date of flowering onset and year of first flowering were recorded. There was an overall northward shift in flowering time of about 0.35° latitude (i.e. 39 km) over the 20 year period. The southern portion of the latitudinal gradient — i.e. from 44.7°N to 47.28°N — flowered significantly later by a mean of 1.78 days, equivalent to a 43.2 km northward shift of phenotypes. In the northern latitudes between 48.6°N and 52°N, flowering date was significantly earlier by a mean of 4.04 days, corresponding to a mean northward shift of 104.9 km, and this shift was apparently due to a diminished requirement of exposure to cold temperatures (i.e. vernalization), for which we found direct and indirect evidence. As all plants were grown from seed under identical conditions, we conclude that genetic changes occurred in the sensitivity to environmental cues that mediate the onset of flowering in both the northern and the southern latitudes of the gradient. Microevolution and gene flow may have contributed to this change. There was no significant change in the frequency of plants that flowered without vernalization. The lack of vernalization requirement may be associated with environmental instability rather than with climate conditions.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Natural soil microbes alter flowering phenology and the intensity of selection on flowering time in a wild Arabidopsis relative

Plant phenology is known to depend on many different environmental variables, but soil microbial communities have rarely been acknowledged as possible drivers of flowering time. Here, we tested separately the effects of four naturally occurring soil microbiomes and their constituent soil chemistries on flowering phenology and reproductive fitness of Boechera stricta, a wild relative of Arabidopsis. Flowering time was sensitive to both microbes and the abiotic properties of different soils; varying soil microbiota also altered patterns of selection on flowering time. Thus, soil microbes potentially contribute to phenotypic plasticity of flowering time and to differential selection observed between habitats. We also describe a method to dissect the microbiome into single axes of variation that can help identify candidate organisms whose abundance in soil correlates with flowering time. This approach is broadly applicable to search for microbial community members that alter biological characteristics of interest.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

dryad32/100

Southern hemisphere plants show more delays than advances in flowering phenology

This dataset is from the manuscript 'Southern hemisphere plants show more delays than advances in flowering phenology' whereby historic field data, modern field data and herbarium specimen data were used to determine if plants in Sydney, Australia were flowering earlier in the year through time. This dataset also contains meteorological data used to analyse the relationship between temperature or precipitation and flowering time shifts to work out if these long-term changes in flowering phenology were impacted by seasonal climate. Finally, this data also includes a data compilation from previous studies to determine whether species were advancing or regressing their flowering through time.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

zenodo32/100

Spring-flowering herbs in North American temperate forests advance their phenology more than trees with warming temperatures

<ol> <li>The phenologies of co-occurring trees and spring-blooming understory herbs in northeastern hardwood forests appear to be regulated by different environmental drivers—air temperature and soil temperature/snowpack, respectively. Accordingly, it has been hypothesized that climate change-driven asymmetry in the advancement of canopy leaf-out relative to the timing of understory growth could reduce photosynthetic rates and reproductive success of understory herbs through greater early-season shading.</li> <li>To determine whether trees and spring-flowering spring-flowering forest herbs are advancing their phenologies at different rates with respect to increasing global temperatures, we examined the phenological responses to warming of 10 species of trees and 11 species of spring-flowering forest herbs (8,045 observations from 965 sites) in northeastern North America using 13 years of data collected by citizen scientists under the auspices of the USA-National Phenology Network.</li> <li>Contrary to expectation, the timing of leaf-out of spring-flowering forest herbs was more strongly associated with temperature than was timing of tree leaf-out, with a mean response rate of −4.9 days/˚C (95% BCI [−5.2, −4.6]) for spring-flowering forest herbs vs. −3.3 days/℃ (95% BCI [−3.5, −3.1]) for trees. However, the response to temperature was not consistent across the latitudinal range, with spring-flowering forest herbs responding more strongly to warming than trees at middle (40–44˚N) and higher (45–48˚N) latitudes but not at lower latitudes (35–39˚N). </li> <li>In contrast to what has been suggested previously, our results suggest that the growing season and carbon uptake of spring-flowering forest herbs could increase as spring temperatures rise. Our study is the first to show spring-flowering forest herbs advancing their phenology at a higher rate than trees with respect to warming.</li> </ol>

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

zenodo32/100

Fig. 2 in Flowering phenology of co-occurring Asteraceae: a matter of climate, ecological interactions, plant attributes or of evolutionary relationships among species?

Fig. 2 Number of Asteraceae species growing in Chaco Serrano forests of La Serranita-Los Aromos that bear flowers during each month of the year; for calculation, see text in Material and methods Section

opennotspecifiedFeb 2011View details →

zenodo32/100

Fig. 1 in Flowering phenology of co-occurring Asteraceae: a matter of climate, ecological interactions, plant attributes or of evolutionary relationships among species?

Fig. 1 Diagram of phylogenetic relationships between Asteraceae taxa studied in this work (adapted from Panero and Crozier 2008; Panero and Funk 2008)

opennotspecifiedFeb 2011View details →

zenodo32/100

Fig. 4 in Flowering phenology of co-occurring Asteraceae: a matter of climate, ecological interactions, plant attributes or of evolutionary relationships among species?

Fig. 4 Plot of PCA scores for 43 co-occurring Asteraceae species in Chaco Serrano forests of La Serranita-Los Aromos, showing first two principal component axes from analysis of flowering phenology considering plant traits and taxonomic membership. Vectors corre-

opennotspecifiedFeb 2011View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Effects of apical meristem mining on plant fitness, architecture and flowering phenology in Cirsium altissimum (Asteracaeae)

Premise of the study: Interactions that limit lifetime seed production have the potential to limit plant population sizes and drive adaptation through natural selection. Effects of insect herbivory to apical meristems (apical meristem mining) on lifetime seed production rarely have been quantified experimentally. We studied Cirsium altissimum (tall thistle), whose meristems are mined by Platyptilia carduidactyla (artichoke plume moth), to determine how apical damage affects plant maternal fitness and evaluate both direct and indirect mechanisms underlying these effects. Methods: In restored prairie, apical mining was manipulated on tall thistles by applying insecticide, water, or no spray to apical meristems. We quantified effects on lifetime seed production, plant architecture, and flowering phenology. Seed germinability and seedling mass were evaluated in a greenhouse. Key results: Apical meristem miners decreased lifetime seed production of C. altissimum, but not seed quality. Higher mortality rates of damaged plants contributed to reduced seed production. Apical damage reduced plant height and increased the proportion of blooming flower heads in axial positions on branches. Apical damage delayed flowering and shortened flowering duration. Conclusions: Apical meristem mining reduced plant maternal fitness. The shift in the identity of blooming flower heads from terminal to axial positions contributed to this reduction because axial heads are less fecund. Shorter, meristem-mined plants may have been more susceptible to competition, and this susceptibility may explain their higher mortality rates. The kinds of changes in architecture and phenology that resulted from apical damage to C. altissimum have been shown to affect floral visitation in other plant species.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

dryad32/100

Individual flowering phenology shapes plant-pollinator interactions across ecological scales affecting plant reproduction

1. The balance of pollination competition and facilitation amongst co-flowering plants and abiotic resource availability can modify plant species and individual reproduction. Floral resource succession and spatial heterogeneity modulate plant-pollinator interactions across ecological scales (individual plant, local assemblage, interaction network of agroecological infrastructure across the farm). Intraspecific variation in flowering phenology can modulate the precise level of spatio-temporal heterogeneity in floral resources, pollen donor density and pollinator interactions that a plant individual is exposed to, thereby affecting reproduction. 2. We tested how abiotic resources and multi-scale plant-pollinator interactions affected individual plant seed set, modulated by intraspecific variation in flowering phenology and spatio-temporal floral heterogeneity arising from agroecological infrastructure. We transplanted two focal insect-pollinated plant species (Cyanus segetum and Centaurea jacea, n = 288) into agroecological infrastructure (10 sown wildflower, 6 legume-grass strips) across a farm-scale experiment (125 ha). 3. We applied an individual-based phenologically explicit approach to match precisely the flowering period of plant individuals to the concomitant level of spatio-temporal heterogeneity in plant-pollinator interactions, potential pollen donors, floral resources and abiotic conditions (temperature, water, nitrogen). 4. Individual plant attractiveness, assemblage floral density and conspecific pollen donor density (C. jacea) improved seed set. Network linkage density increased focal species' seed set and modified the effect of local assemblage richness and abundance on C. segetum. Mutual dependence on pollinators in networks increased C. segetum seed set, while C. jacea seed set was greatest where both specialization on pollinators and mutual dependence was high. Abiotic conditions were of little or no importance to seed set. 5. Intra- and interspecific plant-pollinator interactions respond to spatio-temporal heterogeneity arising from agroecological management affecting wild plant species reproduction. The interplay of pollinator interactions within and between ecological scales affecting seed set implies a co-occurrence of pollinator-mediated facilitative and competitive interactions among plant species and individuals.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

zenodo32/100

Data and Code for: Plasticity and not adaptation is the primary source of temperature-mediated variation in flowering phenology in North America

This submission contains all the code and data necessary for reproducing 1) the dataset, 2) the main results, and 3) all supplemental analyses appearing in the manuscript titled: Plasticity and not adaptation is the primary source of temperature-mediated variation in flowering phenology in North America (Ramirez-Parada, Park, Record, Davis, Ellison, and Mazer, 2023). A preprint of this manuscript can be accessed at: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3131821/v1.   Extracting the compressed file will generate a folder titled "Project folder", containing sub-folders named "Data" and "R code". In order for the code to work, users need to preserve the folder structure of the code and data, as the R Markdown files in the "R code" folder have relative file paths that read and write data within the "Data" folder. Moving either would require re-writing the filepaths across Rmds for the code to run. To replicate the results, the following R Markdowns must be run in sequence (once they have been run, the Rmds for supplemental analyses can be used in any order): "1. Subsetting Dataset.Rmd" This file processes a specimen dataset of ca. 2.3 million specimens that we assembled for this project (publicly available on Dryad: <a href="https://doi.org/10.25349/D9WP6S">https://doi.org/10.25349/D9WP6S</a>), filtering out duplicates, specimens out of the spatial scope of the PRISM data used for all analyses,  and subsetting to only those species represented by a minimum of 300 specimens. This filtering yields a dataset of 1,038,047 specimens in flower across 1,605 species. For an in-depth description of the starting dataset, please refer to the "READ ME.txt" file within the "Project folder", and visit its corresponding Dryad repository (linked above). "2. Main Analysis - Estimating S_space, S_time, and S_diff.Rmd" This file uses the subset dataset produced by the previous Rmd to fit the varying-intercepts, varying-slopes model that produced the estimates of apparent plasticity and apparent adaptation underlying all main analyses. This Rmd exports a dataset of species-specific estimates of Sspace, Stime, and Sspace - Stime that is used to recreate Figures 2, 3, and 4 of the main text in the next step. This is the most time consuming R Markdown file to run, as each MCMC chain used to fit the model in Stan must be run on a dedicated processor (limiting the usefulness of parallel computation). Fitting the model using 3 MCMC chains, 1000 iterations for warmup, and 4000 iterations for sampling, took approximately 24 hours using an Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-9750H CPU @ 2.60GHz processor.     "3. Main Analysis - Figures 2, 3, and 4.Rmd" Finally, this Rmd uses the dataset of species-specific estimates to conduct all analyses underlying Figures 2, 3, and 4, recreating each of these figures. For detailed descriptions of all materials (code and data) and instructions for using them, please refer to the "READ ME.txt" file within "Project folder".

openSep 2023View details →

dryad32/100

Flowering phenology under climate warming

Owing to global climate warming, biological processes will be disrupted, causing phenological mismatches and mistimings. In Japan's cool temperate region of Hokkaido Island, warmer and shorter winters will affect plant flowering phenology. Rapid change in the flowering phenology led to the hypothesis that shorter winters would result in earlier flowering. The flowering phenology of 611 species was recorded for nine years (2013–2021), and 9 species were selected for analysis. The accumulated degree hour, which is the total value of the hourly aerial temperature above zero, was calculated as the effective aerial temperature for plant flowering phenology. The results indicated that winters are getting shorter, and the first flowering day of two plant species occurred earlier. However, the accumulated degree hours for the plant species have not significantly changed over the nine years. If climate warming continues, it will have diverse, complex, and unpredictable effects on various individual organisms and biological relationships among species. Detailed studies are needed to link climate change predictions to the predicted degree of mismatch in species interactions and networks.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

dryad32/100