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170 results for “forest productivity”

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Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect

The increasing disturbances in monocultures around the world are testimony to their instability under global change. Many studies have claimed that temporal stability of productivity increase with species richness, although the ecological fundaments have mainly been investigated through diversity experiments. To adequately manage forest ecosystems, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the effect of mixing species on the temporal stability of productivity and the way in which this it is influenced by climate conditions across large geographical areas. Here, we used a unique dataset of 261 stands combining pure and two-species mixtures of four relevant tree species over a wide range of climate conditions in Europe to examine the effect of species mixing on the level and temporal stability of productivity. Structural equation modelling was employed to further explore the direct and indirect influence of climate, overyielding, species asynchrony and additive effect (i.e. temporal stability expected from the species growth in monospecific stands) on temporal stability in mixed forests. We showed that by adding only one tree species to monocultures, the level (overyielding: +6%) and stability (temporal stability: +12%) of stand growth increased significantly. We identified the key effect of temperature on destabilizing stand growth, which may be mitigated by mixing species. We further confirmed asynchrony as the main driver of temporal stability in mixed stands, through both the additive effect and species interactions, which modify between-species asynchrony in mixtures in comparison to monocultures. Synthesis and applications. This study highlights the emergent properties associated with mixing two-species, which result in resource efficient and temporally stable production systems. We reveal the negative impact of mean temperature on temporal stability of forest productivity and how the stabilizing effect of mixing two species can counterbalance this impact. The overyielding and temporal stability of growth addressed in this paper are essential for ecosystem services closely linked with the level and rhythm of forest growth. Our results underline that mixing two species can be a realistic and effective nature-based climate solution, which could contribute towards meeting EU climate target policies.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

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Data for: Evidence to support phytosanitary policies - The minimum effective heat treatment parameters for pathogens associated with forest products

Research on reducing the movement of pests on wood products has led to several options for safer trade including heat treatment of wood to mitigate pests. In this study, pathogenic organisms commonly regulated in the trade of forest products were tested to determine the minimum heat dose (temperature and time) required to cause mortality. The mycelial stage of tree pathogens, Heterobasidion occidentale, Grosmannia clavigera, Bretziella fagacearum, Phytophthora cinnamomi, P. lateralis, P. ramorum and P. xmultiformis, which may be found in wood products, were tested in vitro using the Humble water bath with parameters simulating the rate of heat applied to wood in a commercial kiln. The lethal temperature for the pathogens ranged from 44 to 50°C for a 30-minute treatment duration. A molecular diagnostic method to confirm pathogen mortality was available for five of the species heat treated. RNA detection using reverse transcription real-time PCR was used to validate pathogen mortality following treatment for: P. ramorum, P. lateralis, P. cinnamomi, P. xmultiformis and G. clavigera. The heat treatment data set is deposited here.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

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Un uso diferente de los productos del bosque tropical: la talla y pintura de semillas de palma por parte de los emberá panameños - A different use of tropical forest products: Carving and painting of palm seeds by the Panamanian Emberá

Resumen Los emberá son una etnia panameña cuya producción incluye semillas talladas de palma tagua (Phytelephas seemannii). No se ha publicado ninguna descripción detallada de estas tallas, por lo que aquí las describo con base en 826 tallas a la venta en internet. La mayoría son de tipo realista y representan ranas, seguidas numéricamente de colibríes, jaguares, "geckos" y pericos. Los invertebrados, las flores y los humanos son escasos. Normalmente cada semilla representa un solo individuo y muy pocas muestran algún comportamiento propio de la especie. Los colores dominantes son café y amarillo; seguidos de verde y el color natural de la semilla. Los precios van desde $25 a $45 pero las esculturas complejas pueden superar los $100. Por su representación realista de animales individuales en las semillas, los emberá panameños han desarrollado un aporte cultural que difiere de las tallas grandes y estilizadas que se hacen en otros lugares del mundo, con potencial para uso sostenible del bosque lluvioso. Abstract The Emberá are a Panamanian ethnic group whose products include carved and painted Tagua palm seeds (Phytelephas seemannii). There are no detailed descriptions of these carved seeds, so here I describe the carvings, based on 826 carved seeds offered for sale on-line. Most are realistic and represent frogs, followed by hummingbirds, jaguars, geckos and parakeets. Invertebrates, flowers and humans are rare. Usually each seed represents a single individual; few represent the animal’s behavior. The dominant colors are brown and yellow, followed by green and the natural color of the seed. Prices range from $ 25 to $ 45 but complex sculptures can exceed $ 100. With their realistic representation of individual animals in the seeds, Panamanian emberá have developed a cultural product that differs from large and stylized Tagua sculptures made elsewhere and that has potential for a sustainable use of the rainforest.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2018View details →

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Interspecific soil water partitioning as a driver of increased productivity in a diverse mixed Mediterranean forest

Interspecific soil water partitioning as a driver of increased productivity in a diverse mixed Mediterranean forest Ido Rog1, Christina Tague2, Gilad Jakoby1, Shacham Megidish1, Assaf Yaakobi1, Yael Wagner1, Tamir Klein1 <ol> <li>Plant & Environmental Sciences department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel</li> <li>Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California Santa Barbara, California, USA</li> </ol>   Empiric data from Yishi forest (31º 43´N 34º 57´E, 320 m elevation) and RHESSys simulation.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

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Aboveground net primary productivity in regenerating seasonally dry tropical forest: contributions of rainfall, forest age, and soil

Identifying factors controlling forest productivity is critical to understanding forest-climate change feedbacks, modeling vegetation dynamics, and carbon finance schemes. However, little research has focused on productivity in regenerating tropical forest which are expanding in their fraction of global area have an order of magnitude larger carbon uptake rates relative to older forest. We examined aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and its components (wood production and litterfall) over ten years in forest plots that vary in successional age, soil characteristics, and species composition using band dendrometers and litterfall traps in regenerating seasonally dry tropical forests in northwestern Costa Rica. We show that the components of ANPP are differentially driven by age and annual rainfall and that local soil variation is important. Total ANPP was explained by a combination of age, annual rainfall, and soil variation. Wood production comprised 35% of ANPP on average across sites and years, and was explained by annual rainfall but not forest age. Conversely, litterfall increased with forest age and soil fertility yet was not affected by annual rainfall. In this region, edaphic variability is highly correlated with plant community composition. Thus, variation in ecosystem processes explained by soil may also be partially explained by species composition. These results suggest that future changes in annual rainfall can alter the secondary forest carbon sink, but that this effect will be buffered by the litterfall flux which varies little among years. In determining the long-term strength of the secondary forest carbon sink, both rainfall and forest age will be critical variables to track. We also conclude that a detailed understanding of local site variation in soils and plant communities may be required to accurately predict the impact of changing rainfall on forest carbon uptake. Synthesis We show that in seasonally dry tropical forests, annual rainfall has a positive relationship with the growth of aboveground woody tissues of trees and that droughts lead to significant reductions in aboveground productivity. These results provide evidence for climate change – carbon cycle feedbacks in the seasonal tropics and highlight the value of longitudinal data on forest regeneration.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

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Dataset for: Immediate and carry-over effects of late-spring frost and growing season drought on forest gross primary productivity capacity in the Northern Hemisphere

Forests are increasingly exposed to extreme global warming-induced climatic events. However, the immediate and carry-over effects of extreme events on forests are still poorly understood. Gross primary productivity (GPP) capacity is regarded as a good proxy of the ecosystem's functional stability, reflecting its physiological response to its surroundings. Using eddy covariance data from 34 forest sites in the Northern Hemisphere, we analyzed the immediate and carry-over effects of late-spring frost (LSF) and growing season drought on needle-leaf and broadleaf forests. Path analysis was applied to reveal the plausible reasons behind the varied responses of forests to extreme events. The results show that LSF had clear immediate effects on the GPP capacity of both needle-leaf and broadleaf forests. However, GPP capacity in needle-leaf forests was more sensitive to drought than in broadleaf forests. There was no interaction between LSF and drought in either needle-leaf or broadleaf forests. Drought effects were still visible when LSF and drought coexisted in needle-leaf forests. Path analysis further showed that the response of GPP capacity to drought differed between needle-leaf and broadleaf forests, mainly due to the difference in the sensitivity of canopy conductance. Moreover, LSF had a more severe and long-lasting carry-over effect on forests than drought. These results enrich our understanding of the mechanisms of forest response to extreme events across forest types.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

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30m resolution global forest burned area products, 2014-2021

Global forest burned area data produced based on the high-precision global burned area product GABAM.The product was projected in a Geographic (Lat/Long) projection at 0.00025° (approximately 30 meters) resolution, with the WGS84 horizontal datum and the EGM96 vertical datum, consisting of 10° x 10° tiles spanning the range 180W–180E and 80N–60S.contacts: zhangzhaoming@aircas.ac.cn  /  zhangzm@radi.ac.cn

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

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