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139 results for “fossorial”
Figure 8 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)
Figure 8. Suspensorium, opercular apparatus and lower jaw of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, MZUSP 120544, 98.4- mm SL, medial view. Scale bar = 2 mm. ect, ectopterygoid; ent, entopterygoid; hyo, hyomandibula; iop, interopercle; lj, lower jaw; mpt, metapterygoid; op, opercle; pal, palatine; pop, preopercle; q, quadrate; sop, subopercle; sym, symplectic.
Figure 16 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)
Figure 16. Phylogenetic position of Tarumania on a strict consensus tree of two most parsimonious trees (L = 312) calulated on a compiled data matrix for Characiformes (Appendix 1 and Table 2). Numbers above and below each nodes are absolute Bremer support and Bootstrap values, respectively. Posterior probabilities for clades identical to those in a Bayesian inference analysis are in smaller type italics at each split.
Figure 5 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)
Figure 5. Tarumania walkerae, paratype, INPA 21603, lateral view of head showing reverse-imbricated scales. Specimen cleaned of superficial mucus.
Figure 4 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)
Figure 4. Schematic representation of swimbladder of Tarumania walkerae, based mostly on INPA 26241, 51.5-mm SL. ac, anterior swimbladder chamber; sd, sinusoid swimbladder duct. Roman numerals II–XI represent sequential swimbladder chambers.
Figure 14 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)
Figure 14. Pectoral girdle of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, MZUSP 120544, 98.4-mm SL, left side, anterolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. cl, cleithrum; co, coracoid; dr, distal radials; pf, pectoral fin; pr, proximal radials; pt, post-temporal; sc, scapula; scl, supracleithrum.
Figure 10 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)
Figure 10. Caudal skeleton of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, MZUSP 120543, 61.6-mm SL, lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. ahs, accessory haemal spine; cc, compound caudal centrum; ep, epural; fr, fin rays; hs, haemal spine; hy 1– n, hypural 1–n; ns, neural spine; phy, parhypural; pu3–2, preural centra 3 and 2; ur, urostyle.
Figure 3 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)
Figure 3. Live specimen, juvenile, of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, MZUSP 120543, shortly after collection. Arrow shows pelvic fins in anteriorly deflected position.
Figure 9 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)
Figure 9. Branchial arches of Tarumania walkerae, paratypes, dorsal views; (a) MZUSP 120544, 98.4-mm SL; (b) INPA 25747, 151.2-mm SL. (a) Ventral arches; (b) dorsal arches (gill filaments removed). Scale bars = 1 mm. acb, accessory element of ceratobranchial 4; bb1–4, basibranchials 1–4; bh, basihyal; cb1–5, ceratobranchials 1–5; epi1–4, epibranchials 1–4; hb1–3, hypobranchials 1–3; phb1–4, pharyngobranchials 1–4; po, paired ossifications of basihyal cartilage; tp, upper pharyngeal toothplate.
Figure 15 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)
Figure 15. Habitat of Tarumania walkerae, isolated pools in floodplain area of the Rio Tarumã-Mirim, State of Amazonas, Brazil (02.90965°S 60.22915°W), photographed in 2006.
Figure 2 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)
Figure 2. Tarumania walkerae gen. et sp. nov., holotype, INPA 33737. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of head
Figure 6 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)
Figure 6. Jaws of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, INPA 25747, 151.2-mm SL, lateral view. aa, angulo-articular; den, dentary; mx, maxilla; pmx, premaxilla; ra, retroarticular.
Figure 13 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)
Figure 13. Weberian apparatus of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, MZUSP 26245. Scale bar = 1 mm. bo, basioccipital; cl, claustrum; ex, exoccipital; in, intercalarium; na3–5, neural arch; os, os suspensorium; pp, parapophysis; sc, scaphium; sn, supraneural; so, supraoccipital; tr, tripus; vc, vertebral centrum.
Fig. 2 in Hypotheses on rostral shield evolution in fossorial lizards derived from the phylogenetic position of a new species of Paracontias (Squamata, Scincidae)
Fig. 2 Phylogenetic tree of Malagasy Scincinae recon- structed using Bayesian inference (20 Mio. generations; trees sampled every 1000 generations; burn-in 10,000), based on 3,936 bp DNA sequences of 12S and 16S rRNA, ND1, BDNF, Rag2, Cmos, Enol and phosducin. Legless fossorial lineages highlighted in grey. Cordylus, Tiliqua and 'Eumeces' sensu lato used as out-group (not shown). Numbers at nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities followed by bootstrap support values>50% from Maximum Parsimony analysis (10,000 replicates)
Fig. 4 in Hypotheses on rostral shield evolution in fossorial lizards derived from the phylogenetic position of a new species of Paracontias (Squamata, Scincidae)
Fig. 4 Live habitus of holotypes of Paracontias vermisaurus sp. n. a and P. hafa b. Photographs by M. Vences and F. Andreone, respectively
Figure 3 in Evolution of fossoriality in microteiid lizards
Figure 3. Important environment variables for fossoriality selected from BORUTA analysis. Tentative variables are classified as relevant or non-relevant comparing its median Z-score with the median Z-score of the best shadow attribute. Bare: bare soil; Crop: cropland; Mang: mangroves; Artif: artificial surface; Snow: snow and glaciers; Spar: sparse vegetation; Herb: herbaceous vegetation; Grass: grassland; Tree: tree-covered; Water: waterbodies; Clay3: clay content (15–30cm); PrecS: precipitation seasonality; Clay1: clay content (0–5cm); Temp: mean temperature; Shrub: shrub-covered; Clay2: clay content (5–15cm); TempS: temperature seasonality; Silt1: silt content (0–5cm); Prec: annual precipitation; Arid: aridity index; Silt3: silt content (15–30cm); Silt2: silt content (5–15cm); Sand3: sand content (15–30cm); Sand 1: sand content (0–5cm); Sand2: sand content (5–15cm).
Figure 2 in Evolution of fossoriality in microteiid lizards
Figure 2. Ancestral reconstruction of the degree of fossoriality among the lizard species sampled in this study.
Figure 1 in Evolution of fossoriality in microteiid lizards
Figure 1. Fossoriality index obtained from lizard species sampled in this study. Photo credits (from least to the most fossorial): Alopoglossus copii (Alejandro Arteaga); Gelanesaurus cochranae, Pholidobolus macbrydei, Echinosaura horrida (Jose Vieira); Cercosaura oshaughnessyi (Alejandro Arteaga); Leposoma parietalis (Jose Vieira); Micrablepharus maximiliani (Willianilson Pessoa); Vanzosaura savanicola (Laurie Vitt); Placosoma glabellum (Willianilson Pessoa); Colobosauroides cearensis (Adrian Garda); Acratosaura mentalis, Psilops paeminosus (Willianilson Pessoa); Anotosaura vanzolinia (Bruno Halluan); Calyptommatus sinebrachiatus (Daniel Mesquita); Bachia scaea (Wirven Fonseca).
Figure 4 in Evolution of fossoriality in microteiid lizards
Figure 4. Pairwise correlation between the most relevant variables for the fossoriality after excluding the collinear variables. Numbers represent correlation coefficients and ellipses represent the strength and direction of the correlation. Strong correlations are indicated by flat ellipses, whereas weak correlations are indicated by rounded ellipses, as shown in the scale bar. Temp: mean temperature; TempS: temperature seasonality; Prec: annual precipitation; PrecS: precipitation seasonality; Shrub: shrub-covered; Clay3: clay content (15–30cm); Silt1: silt content (0–5cm).
Data from: Digging their own macroevolutionary grave: Fossoriality as an evolutionary dead-end in snakes
The tree of life is highly asymmetrical in its clade wise species richness and this has often been attributed to variation in diversification rates either across time or lineages. Variations across lineages are usually associated with traits that increase lineage diversification. Certain traits can also hinder diversification by increasing extinction and such traits are called evolutionary dead-ends. Ecological specialization has usually been considered as an evolutionary dead-end. However, recent analyses of specializations along single axes have provided mixed support for this model. Here, we test if fossoriality, a trait that forces specialization at multiple axes, acts as an evolutionary dead-end in squamates (lizards and snakes) using recently developed phylogenetic comparative methods. We show that fossoriality is an evolutionary dead-end in snakes but not in lizards. Fossorial snakes exhibit reduced speciation and increased extinction compared to non-fossorial snakes. Our analysis also indicates that transition rates from fossoriality to non-fossoriality in snakes are significantly lower than transition rates from non-fossoriality to fossoriality. Overall our results suggest that broad scale ecological interactions that lead to specialization at multiple axes limit diversification.
Figure 3 in A new subfamily of fossorial colubroid snakes from the Western Ghats of peninsular India
Figure 3. BEAST chronogram generated using concatenated-gene for all families and subfamilies of snakes. Numbers at internal branches indicate posterior probabilities. Error bars indicate 95% highest posterior densities for node ages. Nodes C1–C5 are the five calibrated nodes.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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