Find research datasets worth reusing

FIGURE 11 in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 11. Details of plate and bracket. A–F, Zabythocypris helicina; A, D–F, specimen 885M; B, specimen 884M; C, specimen 699M. G–J, Bythocypris promoza, all specimen 623M. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 10 in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 10. Details of plate. A, C, Neonesidea tenera; A, specimen 3906M; C, specimen 3892F. B, Neonesidea bacata, specimen 3912M. D, Bairdoppilata scaura, specimen 3864M. E, Neonesidea dinochelata, specimen 975M. F, Neonesidea plumulosa, specimen 3960M. G, Neonesidea holdeni, specimen 3908M. H–J, Bairdoppilata sp. 4, specimen 3963F. K–M, Paranesidea sp. 2, specimen 3961F. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 8 in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 8. Details of chewing structure. A–D, L, Bairdoppilata sp. 2, specimen 3969F. E–F, J–K, Bairdoppilata sp. 4, specimen 3963F. G, N–O, Paranesidea sp. 1, specimen 3968F. H, Neonesidea bacata, specimen 3912M. I, M, Paranesidea sp. 2, specimen 3961F. P–Q, Bairdoppilata scaura, specimen 3864M. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 7 in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 7. Entire chewing structure in place. A–C, Neonesidea tenera, specimen 3957J. D–G, Bairdoppilata sp. 2, specimen 3972F. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 6. Esophagus and head capsule. A–C, F. Zabythocypris helicina. A–C, specimen 699M in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 6. Esophagus and head capsule. A–C, F. Zabythocypris helicina. A–C, specimen 699M; F, specimen 885M. D, Neonesidea tenera, specimen 3892F. E, Bythocypris promoza, specimen 886M. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 5 in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 5. Head capsule, esophagus and chewing structure. A–B, G, I, Neonesidea tenera; A–B, G, specimen 3892F; I, specimen 3957J. C–D, Bairdoppilata sp. 4, specimen 3963M. E–F, Paranesidea gigacantha, specimen 3110M. H, Bairdoppilata scaura, specimen 3959H. J, Paranesidea sp. 2, specimen 3961F. K, Neonesidea holdeni, specimen 3908M. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 4 in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 4. Chewing structure in context. A–B, Bairdoppilata sp. 2, specimen 3972F. C, Paranesidea gigacantha, specimen 3110M. D–E, H–J, Paranesidea sp. 1; D–E, specimen 3973F; H–J, specimen 3968F. G, Paranesidea sp. 2, specimen 3961F. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 3 in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 3. Chewing structure in context of entire animal. A, C, Neonesidea tenera: A, specimen 3962F; C, specimen 3892F. B, E, G, Bairdoppilata scaura, specimen 3864M. D, H, Bairdoppilata sp. 2: D, specimen 3970J; H, specimen 3965J. F, Bairdoppilata sp. 3, specimen 3923F. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 2 in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 2. The chewing organ as seen by modern workers. Images are modified from published illustrations as referenced, with revised or tentative generic assignments in brackets.

FIGURE 2 in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 2. The chewing organ as seen by modern workers. Images are modified from published illustrations as referenced, with revised or tentative generic assignments in brackets. A, Triebelina coronata (Brady, 1870) of Rome 1960, Fig. 2D [Glyptobairdia]; plate. B, Bairdia simuvillosa Swain, 1967, Fig. 32h [perhaps Neonesidea]; collar, plate, belt and both braces. C, Neonesidea sp. of Danielopol 1972, Fig. 2G; plate and coiled ring. D, Neonesidea manningi Maddocks, 1975, Fig. 1B; collar, plate, fragments. E, Triebelina aff. T. raripila (Müller, 1894) of Maddocks 1975, Fig. 5D; collar, plate, belt, proximal ends of braces. F, Aponesidea ifatyensis Maddocks, 1991, Fig. 2G; collar only. G, H, Mydionobairdia tulearensis Maddocks, 1991; G, Fig. 3C; H, Fig. 3B. G, collar, outer wall of ring with arched pattern, belt; H, plate with teeth and setules. I, Anchistrocheles darwini Maddocks and Iliffe, 1991, Fig. 5A; collar and outer wall of ring with arched pattern; the plate is crumpled and rotated almost 180°; it has overlapping teeth similar to those of Fig. J. J, Danipussella serpentina Wouters, 1988, Fig. 13; plate with distinctive, overlapping lamellar teeth. K, Bythocypris malyutinae Brandão, 2008, Fig. 32E; ventral view showing collar, inner wall of ring with rows of minute setules, pentagonal plate with multiple rows of marginal teeth, setules and blade ridge; part of chevron groove shows through from dorsal surface. L, Neonesidea gerda (Benson and Coleman, 1963) of Schulz 1976, Fig. 21; left lateral view of head capsule, esophagus and chewing structure. M, Bythocypris promoza Maddocks, 1973 of Schulz 1976, Fig. 26; left lateral view of head capsule. N, Anchistrocheles angulata (Brady, 1870) of Maddocks 1976, Pl. 7, fig. 1 [Orlovibairdia]; right lateral view of jawlike upper and lower lips and atrium.

FIGURE 1 in Flapper Valve and Hayfork: Functional anatomy and taxonomic potential of the Gastric Mill of Bairdioidea (Ostracoda, Podocopida)

FIGURE 1. The chewing organ as seen by G.S. Brady, G.O. Sars and G.W. Müller. Images are modified from published illustrations as referenced, with revised or tentative generic assignments in brackets. Some images have been reoriented: anterior is down or toward the left, posterior is up or toward the right.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Selective regimes and functional anatomy in the mustelid forelimb: diversification toward specializations for climbing, digging, and swimming

Anatomical traits associated with locomotion often exhibit specializations for ecological niche, suggesting that locomotor specializations may constitute selective regimes acting on limb skeletal traits. To test this, I sampled 42 species of Mustelidae, encompassing climbing, digging, and swimming specialists, and determined whether trait variation reflects locomotor specialization by performing a principal components analysis on 14 forelimb traits. In addition to Brownian motion models, three Ornstein–Uhlenbeck models of selective regimes were applied to PC scores describing trait variation among mustelids: one without a priori defined phenotypic optima, one with optima based upon locomotor habit, and one with a single phenotypic optimum. PC1, which explained 43.8% of trait variance, represented a trade-off in long bone gracility and deltoid ridge length vs. long robustness and olecranon process length and distinguished between climbing specialists and remaining mustelids. PC2, which explained 17.4% of trait variance, primarily distinguished the sea otter from other mustelids. Best fitting trait diversification models are selective regimes differentiating between scansorial and nonscansorial mustelids (PC1) and selective regimes distinguishing the sea otter and steppe polecat from remaining mustelids (PC2). Phylogenetic half-life values relative to branch lengths suggest that, in spite of a strong rate of adaptation, there is still the influence of past trait values. However, simulations of likelihood ratios suggest that the best fitting models are not fully adequate to explain morphological diversification within extant mustelids.

FIG. 4 in Functional anatomy of male antennal glands in three species of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)

FIG. 4. Asitus phragmitis male. (a) Cross section of A9 showing the glandular area (GA); (b) longitudinal section through the socket of a peg-like structure; (c) cross section of the proximal part of a peg, showing numerous pores (P) with the epicuticular ®laments (EF); (d, e) details of perinuclear region of secretory cells. G, Golgi apparatus; M, mitochondria; MV, microvilli; N, nucleus; RSS, release and spread site; SER, smooth endoplasmic reticulum; SV, secretory vesicles. Bars: a 5 10 mm, b 5 5 mm, c 5 0.5 mm, d 5 2 mm, e 5 0.5 mm.

FIG. 1 in Functional anatomy of male antennal glands in three species of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)

FIG. 1. Leptomastix dactylopii male. (a) Lateral view of apical antennomere (A9) showing the release and spread site (RSS) of the gland consisting in a single row of socketed scale-like structures located on its ventral side; (b) detail of scales. Bars: a 5 100 mm, b 5 10 mm.

FIG. 6 in Functional anatomy of male antennal glands in three species of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)

FIG. 6. Leptomastix dactylopii courtship behaviour. (a) First phase of pre-copulatory period; (b) second phase of pre-copulatory period.

FIG. 2 in Functional anatomy of male antennal glands in three species of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)

FIG. 2. Rhopus meridionalis male. (a) Lateral view of left antenna; (b) lateral view of subapical antennomere (A8) showing the release and spread site (RSS) consisting in a single row of socketed scales located on its ventral side; (c) detail of a scale. Bars: a 5 100 mm, b 5 20 mm, c 5 2.5 mm.

Figure 15 in A non-aquatic otter (Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) from the Late Miocene (Vallesian, MN 10) of La Roma 2 (Alfambra, Teruel, Spain): systematics and functional anatomy

Figure 15. Skeletal reconstruction of Teruelictis riparius showing representative preserved elements in bold and reconstructed parts in light grey. The fossil skull, shown in figure 4, is strongly deformed and has not been inclued in this illustration, instead we show its hypothetical reconstruction (artwork by M. Antón).

Figure 11 in A non-aquatic otter (Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) from the Late Miocene (Vallesian, MN 10) of La Roma 2 (Alfambra, Teruel, Spain): systematics and functional anatomy

Figure 11. Metatarsals (Mts) of Teruelictis riparius from La Roma 2. A, B, RO-4534, right Mt I in (A) lateral and (B) medial views. C–E, RO-4574, left Mt II in (C) dorsal, (D) lateral, and (E) medial views. F, G, RO-4584, left Mt V in (F) plantar and (G) dorsal views. H–J, RO-4585, left Mt III in (H) dorsal, (I) medial, and (J) lateral views. K–M, RO-4577, left Mt IV in (K) dorsal, (L) medial, and (M) lateral views.

Figure 10 in A non-aquatic otter (Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) from the Late Miocene (Vallesian, MN 10) of La Roma 2 (Alfambra, Teruel, Spain): systematics and functional anatomy

Figure 10. Tarsals of Teruelictis riparius from La Roma 2. A, B, RO-4764, right calcaneus in (A) lateral and (B) dorsal views. C, D, RO-4613, right talus in (C) dorsal and (D) plantar views. E, F, RO-4599, left entocuneiform in (E) lateral and (F) medial views. G, H, RO-4600, left mesocuneiform in (G) lateral and (H) medial views. I, J, RO-4510, right ectocuneiform in (I) medial and (J) lateral views. K, L, RO-4761, right navicular in (K) proximal and (L) distal views. M–O, RO-4815, left cuboid in (M) dorsal, (N) lateral, and (O) medial views.

Figure 7 in A non-aquatic otter (Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) from the Late Miocene (Vallesian, MN 10) of La Roma 2 (Alfambra, Teruel, Spain): systematics and functional anatomy

Figure 7. Carpals of Teruelictis riparius from La Roma 2. A, B, RO-4837, right pisiform in (A) lateral and (B) medial views. C, D, RO-4777, left pyramidal in (C) medial and (D) lateral views. E, F, RO-4730, right magnum in (E) medial and (F) lateral views. G, H, RO-4776, left unciform in (G) dorsal and (H) distal views. I, J, RO-4612, right trapezium in (I) lateral and (J) medial views.