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253 results for “functional organization”
Data from: No evidence of foliar disease impact on crop root functional strategies and soil microbial communities: What does this mean for organic coffee?
<p><span>Global climate change is increasing pest and pathogen pressures on plant communities, deteriorating optimal plant functioning. In plant communities, root functional trait expression and microbial communities are important indicators of plant functioning belowground, and, when confronted with pathogens aboveground, can simultaneously reflect plant defence strategies. Yet, while research is continuing to emerge on the response of root functional traits and microbial processes to pathogens aboveground, little work has investigated these interactions in tree-crops, or the role organic amendments play in moderating these relationships. The main objective of this study is to disentangle the dynamic effects of pathogens and amendments on root functional traits (i.e., specific root length and area, root diameter, root length density, root nitrogen, and root carbon to nitrogen ratio) and root endophytic fungal communities. As a model, we use <em>Coffea arabica </em>(coffee) variety Caturra along a gradient of Coffee Leaf Rust – a foliar disease prominent in coffee systems – under contrasting but widespread amendment regimes in biodiverse agroforestry systems. We found that root trait expression varies along established conservation and collaboration gradients, where fungal endophyte community composition varies significantly as a function of root traits. Belowground resource acquisition strategies do not change with foliar disease incidence, suggesting they may be decoupled. Rather, amendment regimes </span>differentially shape root trait expression and microbial communities<span>, where coffee plants under organic amendments, regardless of foliar disease incidence, expressed greater acquisitive traits and enhanced collaboration with symbiotic fungi. </span>This is an important first step in disentangling the dynamic inter-relationships between plant traits, endophytes, and pathogens, generating new questions on the role of amendments in sustainable pathogen management in biodiverse agroecosystems.</p> <p> </p>
Normal Saline versus Lactated Ringer's Solution: Effects on Organ Function and Inflammatory Responses in Heat Stroke in Rat
<p>The data set includes the data generated during the experiment, including vital signs, test indicators, etc. The image file includes the expression of inflammasome proteins measured using WB.</p>
Data from: Landscape configuration, organic management and within-field position drive functional diversity of spiders and carabids
<p>This repository contains functional diversity data of spiders and carabids. For details please see the original publication.</p>
FIGURES 125–135 in Immature stages of the Rubiaceae-feeding metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), and a new function for the tentacle nectary organs
FIGURES 125–135. Immature stages of Semomesia croesus lacrimosa. 125, egg day 1; 126, egg day 4; 127, first instar premoult; 128, second instar; 129, third instar; 130, dorsal view of abdominal setae in the fourth instar; 131, fifth (last) instar; 132, prepupa in dorsal view; 133, prepupa in ventral view; 134, pupa in dorsal view; 135, pupa in lateral view.
FIGURES 116–124 in Immature stages of the Rubiaceae-feeding metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), and a new function for the tentacle nectary organs
FIGURES 116–124. Immature stages of Leucochimona icare matatha. 116–117, host plant Manettia luteo-rubra (Rubiaceae), detail of climbing part with flowers (116) and vegetative part (117) near to the ground, showing the typical larval feeding damage (arrows); 118, recently oviposited egg; 119, first instar in dorsal view; 120, third instar in lateral; 121, fourth (last) instar in lateral view; 122, fourth (last) instar in dorsal view; 123, pupa in dorsal view; 124, pupa in lateral view. Photos (121– 124) by LL Mota.
FIGURES 105–115 in Immature stages of the Rubiaceae-feeding metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), and a new function for the tentacle nectary organs
FIGURES 105–115. Immature stages of Leucochimona icare icare. 105, recently oviposited egg; 106, first instar; 107, second instar; 108, third instar; 109, fourth instar; 110–111, fifth (last) instar in dorsal (110) and ventral (111) views; 112–113, prepupa in dorsal (112) and lateral (113) views; 114, pupa in dorsal view; 115, pupa in lateral (left) and ventral (right) view.
FIGURES 93–104 in Immature stages of the Rubiaceae-feeding metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), and a new function for the tentacle nectary organs
FIGURES 93–104. Immature stages of Leucochimona lagora. 93, recently oviposited egg; 94, larva emerging from egg; 95, first instar; 96, second instar channeling leaf underside (arrows); 97, fourth instar in lateral view; 98, fifth (last) instar in dorsal view; 99, prepupa; 100, detail of segment A8 in dorsal view in the last instar, arrow indicating tentacle nectary organs (TNO); 101, pupa, individual with light wing case; 102, pupa, with dark wing case; 103, pupa in dorsal view; 104, pupa in ventral view.
FIGURES 72–82 in Immature stages of the Rubiaceae-feeding metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), and a new function for the tentacle nectary organs
FIGURES 72–82. Immature stages of Mesosemia thymetus thymetina. 72, recently laid egg; 73, egg at day 7; 74, hatched egg shell; 75, first instar; 76, second instar, note channel cut in the leaf (arrows); 77, second instar, showing everted TNO in response to a Monomorium floricola ant approach; 78, third instar in premoult; 79, fourth instar; 80, fifth (last instar); 81, prepupa; 82, pupa in lateral, dorsal and ventral views, from the top to bottom, respectively.
FIGURES 83–92 in Immature stages of the Rubiaceae-feeding metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), and a new function for the tentacle nectary organs
FIGURES 83–92. Immature stages of Mesosemia walteri. 83, egg; 84, first instar; 85 first (above) and second instar (below); 86, third instar in dorsal view; 87, fourth instar in dorsal view; 88, last instar in lateral view; 89, detail of abdominal tegument in dorsal view showing dorsal setae on verrucae; 90, last instar dorsal view, note the TNOs everted (arrow); 91, prepupa in lateral view; 92 pupa in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views.
FIGURES 63–71 in Immature stages of the Rubiaceae-feeding metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), and a new function for the tentacle nectary organs
FIGURES 63–71. Scanning electron micrographs of the fifth (last) instar (63–68) and pupa (69–71) of Mesosemia cippus. 63, head capsule and prothorax in latero-frontal view; 64, drop-like setae on frontoclypeus, arrow indicating perforated cupola organs (PCOs); 65, detail of long dorsal setae on A5; 66, cluster of PCOs (arrows) on A2; 67, segment A8 in lateral view, showing everted tentacle organ, dorsal setae and spiracle; 68, proleg in lateral view; 69, mesothoracic spiracle; 70, segments A1–A2 in lateral view, note the silk girdle (arrow); 71, cluster of PCOs on A1.
FIGURES 53–62 in Immature stages of the Rubiaceae-feeding metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), and a new function for the tentacle nectary organs
FIGURES 53–62. Scanning electron micrographs of the first instar of Mesosemia cippus. 53, lateral view; 54, head in laterodorsal view; 55, prothoracic plate in dorsal view, note that tactile SD1 arises from a pinaculum; 56, setae and perforated cupola organs (PCOs) on segments A1–A4 in lateral view; 57, dorsal setae (D1 and D2) and PCOs (DL1 and DL2) on the metathorax; 58, spiracle on A7 segment; 59, segment A8 in dorsal view, showing the opening (arrow) of tentacle nectary organ (TNO), dorsal setae (D1 and D2), PCOs (DL1 and DL2) and spiracle; 60, TNOs everted; 61, detail of TNO secretion (arrow); 62, proleg in ventral view.
FIGURE 52 in Immature stages of the Rubiaceae-feeding metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), and a new function for the tentacle nectary organs
FIGURE 52. Diagram of the larval body chaetotaxy of the first instar of Mesosemia cippus in lateral view, showing position of setae (black circles) and perforated cupola organs (grey circles).
FIGURES 49–51 in Immature stages of the Rubiaceae-feeding metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), and a new function for the tentacle nectary organs
FIGURES 49–51. Scanning electron micrographs of Mesosemia cippus eggs. 49, lateral view; 50, hexagonal cells of the exochorion; 51, micropylar area (Mp).
FIGURES 41–48. Interactions between Mesosemia cippus immatures and their natural enemies. 41–42 in Immature stages of the Rubiaceae-feeding metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), and a new function for the tentacle nectary organs
FIGURES 41–48. Interactions between Mesosemia cippus immatures and their natural enemies. 41–42, Telenomus sp. (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) microparasitoid wasps parasitizing (41) and emerging from eggs (42); 43–44, parasitoid cocoon of Hyposoter sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) under fourth instar host remains (43) and adult of Hyposoter sp. (44); 45, adult of Brachymeria sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae); 46, third instar being attacked by a ceratopogonid biting midge (arrow); 47, nymph of a chrysopid (Neuroptera) preying on third instar (arrow); 48, simulated encounter between larva and Camponotus punctulatus ants in the laboratory, note the TNOs everted (arrow).
FIGURES 1–24 in Immature stages of the Rubiaceae-feeding metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), and a new function for the tentacle nectary organs
FIGURES 1–24. Adults of six Mesosemiina species included in this work, in dorsal and ventral views, respectively. 1–4, Mesosemia cippus, male (1–2) and female (3–4) from Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia; 5–8, M. thymetus thymetina, male (5–6) and female (7–8) from Villavicencio; 9–12, M. walteri, male (9–10) and female (11–12) from Villavicencio; 13–16, Leucochimona lagora, male (13–14) and female (15–16) from Villavicencio; 17–20, L. icare matatha, male (17–18) and female (19–20) from Jundiai, São Paulo, Brazil; 21–24, Semomesia croesus lacrimosa, male (21–22) and female (23–24) from Villavicencio.
FIGURES 25–27 in Immature stages of the Rubiaceae-feeding metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), and a new function for the tentacle nectary organs
FIGURES 25–27. Greenhouse built for rearing work (25); detail of host plants set out to attract female Mesosemiina (26); female of Mesosemia cippus ovipositing (arrow) on a cultivated host plant (27).
Continuous Non-Functional Requirements: Practices, Opportunities, and Trade-Offs for Small, Agile Organizations
<p>Contains the interview questions and codebook (including code counts) produced by our research.</p>
FIG. 10 in Organization and Ontogeny of a Complex Lateral Line System in a Goby (Elacatinus lori), with a Consideration of Function and Ecology
FIG. 10. Ontogeny of neuromast distribution in E. lori derived from fluorescent images. (A) 0 dph, 3 mm TL; (B) 10 dph, 4.5 mm SL; (C) 20 dph, 6.5 mm SL; (D) 31 dph, 9 mm SL; and (E) 38 dph, 9 mm SL presettlement larva. Pectoral fin removed to facilitate visualization of all neuromasts on the trunk. Yolk sac not drawn. Scale bar ¼ 1 mm. See Figures 3 and 4 for identity of neuromasts.
FIG. 2 in Organization and Ontogeny of a Complex Lateral Line System in a Goby (Elacatinus lori), with a Consideration of Function and Ecology
FIG. 2. Neuromast distributions in E. lori vitally stained with 4-di-2-ASP (lateral view, rostral to the left). (A) 0 dph (3 mm NL; yolk sac larva, fin folds still present) with only nine neuromasts present on head. By 1 dph, the yolk sac is fully absorbed and by 10 dph, flexion has started. (B) 38 dph (9.5 mm SL, pre-settlement) individual with all neuromast lines present on head; only the neuromasts in lines on operculum and mandible have begun to proliferate. Canal neuromasts are still visible (e.g., dorsal to orbit), indicating that the canals are not yet fully ossified. Settlement occurs at ~30–45 dph, 9–11 mm SL. (C) Wild-caught adult (42 mm SL) with lines of proliferated superficial neuromasts on head. (D) Trunk and tail of 20 dph (6 mm SL) larva. The few neuromasts on trunk will proliferate to become short vertical series of superficial neuromasts (see F). A few neuromasts on the caudal fin occur in three lines. (E) Anterior portion of the trunk (adult, 42 mm SL) illustrating several short lines of neuromasts. (F) Posterior portion of the trunk (adult, 42 mm SL) with well-organized vertical lines of neuromasts (''stitches'') on each myomere along horizontal septum. (G) Caudal fin (adult, 42 mm SL) with three lines (lines lc, lc1, and lc2) of densely placed neuromasts extending from the fin base to the tip of the caudal fin on the membranes between fin rays. Caudal-fin membranes are so thin that the neuromasts from both the left (white arrowhead) and right (yellow arrowhead) side are visible within a line. See Figures 3 and 4 for identification of neuromast lines.
FIG. 6 in Organization and Ontogeny of a Complex Lateral Line System in a Goby (Elacatinus lori), with a Consideration of Function and Ecology
FIG. 6. Neuromast and cupular morphology in E. lori. (A) Neuromast showing hair cells in central sensory strip with opposing polarities (hair cell orientation; double-headed arrow). (B) Detail of neuromast, as in A, showing ciliary bundles of individual hair cells (each with kinocilium [kc] and multiple stereocilia [sc]) with opposing polarities. (C) Gelatinous cupula (cu) retained on a neuromast that has the same orientation as neuromast in A; note the ''wing-like'' extensions of the cupula that reaches to the tips (arrows) of the elongate neuromast. (D) Neuromast that appears to be in the process of budding, which is thought to be the mechanism for neuromast proliferation. Double-headed arrows ¼ hair cell orientation.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.