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87 results for “gastropod shell”
Data from: Can fractal dimensions objectivize gastropod shell morphometrics? A case study from Lake Lugu (SW China)
<p>Morphometrics are fundamental for statistical analyses of fossils, particularly because soft parts or DNA are rarely preserved and thus hard parts such as shells are commonly the only source of information. Geometric morphometrics i.e. landmark analysis has been successfully established but exhibits a couple of shortcomings. On the one hand landmarking is rather subjective and on the other hand the application at the level of micro-sculpture is difficult.</p> <p>With the aid of high-resolution 3D scanning technology and analyses of fractal dimensions, we test whether shortcomings of linear and geometric morphometrics can be overcome. As a model group, we selected a clade of modern viviparid gastropods from Lake Lugu, the shells of which show a high degree of sculptural variation. Linear and landmark analyses were applied to the same shells, in order to root the fractal dimensions. The genetic diversity of the gastropod clade was basically assessed.</p> <p>The genetic results suggest that the gastropod clade represents a single species. The results of all morphometric methods applied are in line with the genetic results, which is that no clustering of morpho-types occurs. Apart from this overall agreement, landmark and fractal dimension analyses do not correspond with each other but represent data sets with different information. Generally, the fractal dimension values quantify the roughness of the shell surface, the resolution of the 3D-scans determining the level. In our approach, we captured the micro-sculpture but not the first-order sculptural elements, which explains that fractal dimension and landmark data are not in phase.</p> <p>We can show that analyzing fractal dimensions of gastropod shells opens a window to more detailed information that can be considered in evolutionary and ecological contexts. We propose that using 3D-scans with a low resolution may successfully substitute landmark analyses because it overcomes the subjective landmarking. Analyses of 3D-scans with higher resolution than used in this study will provide surface roughness information at the mineralogical level. We suggest that fractal dimension analyses of a combination of differently resolved 3D-models will significantly improve the quality of shell morphometrics.</p>
Figure 8. Velutinidae shells. A in Neither slugs nor snails: a molecular reappraisal of the gastropod family Velutinidae
Figure 8. Velutinidae shells. A, Djiboutia sp. (L26), MNHN-IM-2019-7668. B, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. C, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. D, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. Scale bars: A, C, D, 1 mm; B, 5 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.
Figure 6. Velutinidae shells. A in Neither slugs nor snails: a molecular reappraisal of the gastropod family Velutinidae
Figure 6. Velutinidae shells. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Hainotis sharonae, LACM 1059, holotype (after Willet, 1939: fig. 1 and 1a). C, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. D, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; C, D, 5 mm; B, shell maximum diameter = 5.5 mm, shell height 7.4 mm.
Figure 7. Velutinidae shells. A in Neither slugs nor snails: a molecular reappraisal of the gastropod family Velutinidae
Figure 7. Velutinidae shells. A, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. B, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. C, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. D, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm; C, D, 1 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.
Data from: Climate-mediated changes in predator–prey interactions in the fossil record: a case study using shell-drilling gastropods from the Pleistocene Japan Sea
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Data from: Can fractal dimensions objectivize gastropod shell morphometrics? A case study from Lake Lugu (SW China)
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Data from: Geometric morphometric character suites as phylogenetic data: extracting phylogenetic signal from gastropod shells
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Data from: Breeding system, shell size and age at sexual maturity affect sperm length in stylommatophoran gastropods
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FIG. 2. — A in Beyond shells: first detailed morphological description of the mangrove-associated gastropod Haminoea cf. fusca (A. Adams, 1850) (Cephalaspidea, Haminoeidae), with a COI phylogenetic analysis
FIG. 2. — A, Hab River delta, Sindh Province, Balochistan Coast, Pakistan, showing estuary and associated oyster reefs; B, Haminoea cf. fusca (A. Adams, 1850) in situ; arrows show faecal matter tracks over muddy substrate; C, H. cf. fusca in situ, amongst green algae; D, egg-mass in situ, attached to muddy substrate; E, egg-mass in situ, submerged during low tide. Photograph: S. Aslam.
FIG. 4 in Beyond shells: first detailed morphological description of the mangrove-associated gastropod Haminoea cf. fusca (A. Adams, 1850) (Cephalaspidea, Haminoeidae), with a COI phylogenetic analysis
FIG. 4. — Haminoea cf. fusca (A. Adams, 1850): A, external view of male reproductive system, arrow denotes lateral bulge; B, detail of interior of atrium and fundus; C, figures modified from Bergh (1901: pl. 18, figs 44, 47, pl. 19, figs 4, 5), detail of radula with "a": central rachidian (pl. 18, fig. 44); detail of surface of gizzard plate (pl. 18, fig. 47); male reproductive system, "a": prostate (pl. 19, fig. 5); lateral view of gizzard plate (pl. 19, fig. 4); D, egg-mass. Abbreviations: as, atrium sheet; at, atrium; bc, body cavity; cg, central groove; fu, fundus; ga, genital aperture; llw, left lateral wall; lwg, grooves of lateral walls; pr, prostate; rlw, right lateral wall; rm, retractor muscles; sd, seminal duct; smg, seminal groove; w, soft warts. Scale bars: A, B, 0.5 mm; D, 1 cm.
FIG. 3 in Beyond shells: first detailed morphological description of the mangrove-associated gastropod Haminoea cf. fusca (A. Adams, 1850) (Cephalaspidea, Haminoeidae), with a COI phylogenetic analysis
FIG. 3. — Haminoea cf. fusca (A. Adams, 1850): A, live specimen, ex situ. Length c. 10 mm; B, shell, apertural view (left image) and adepertural view (right image), height, 7 mm; C, SEM, detail of radula with rachidian and first lateral teeth; D, lateral view of whole gizzard plate; E, SEM, dorsal surface of whole gizzard plate; F, SEM, detail of rodlets in dorsal part of gizzard plate. Scale bars: C, 20 µm; D, E, 100 µm; F, 2 µm.
Figure 2 in Gastropod shell utilisation pattern by the hermit crab Clibanarius symmetricus (Anomura: Diogenidae) in an Equatorial Amazon estuary
Figure 2. Biometric variables of gastropod shells occupied by Clibanarius symmetricus in the Marapanim River estuary (Brazil-Pará). (TSL= total shell length; SW= total shell width; SAL= shell aperture length; SAW= shell aperture width; and DW= dry weight).
Figure 1 in Gastropod shell utilisation pattern by the hermit crab Clibanarius symmetricus (Anomura: Diogenidae) in an Equatorial Amazon estuary
Figure 1. Shell utilization frequency of different gastropod species relative to CL size (Cephalothoracic shield length, in mm) of Clibanarius symmetricus in Marapanim River estuary (Brazil-Pará).
Figure 3 in Gastropod shell utilisation pattern by the hermit crab Clibanarius symmetricus (Anomura: Diogenidae) in an Equatorial Amazon estuary
Figure 3. Principal component analysis of morphometric data of gastropod shells occupied by Clibanarius symmetricus in the Marapanim River estuary (Brazil-Pará). TSL = total shell length; SW = total shell width; SAL = shell aperture length; SAW = shell aperture width; DW = dry weight.
Data associated with: Going round the twist – An empirical analysis of shell coiling in helicospiral gastropods
<p>The logarithmic helicospiral has been the most widely accepted model of regularly coiled mollusc form since it was proposed by Moseley (1838) and popularised by Thompson (1942) and Raup (1966). It is based on an explicit assumption that shells are isometric and grow exponentially, and an implicit assumption that the external form of the shell follows the internal shape, which implies that the parameters of the spiral could, theoretically, be reconstructed from the external whorl profile. In this contribution, we show that these assumptions fail on all 25 gastropod species we examine. Using a dataset of 176 fossil and modern gastropod shells, we construct an empirical morphospace of coiling using the familiar three parameters of whorl expansion rate, translation rate, and rate of increasing distance from coiling axis, plus rate of aperture shape change, from their best-fit models. We present a case study of change in shell form through geological time in the austral family Struthiolariidae to demonstrate the utility of our approach for evolutionary paleobiology. We fit various functions to the four shell-coiling parameters, to demonstrate that the best morphological model is not the same for each parameter. We present a set of R routines that will calculate helicospiral parameters from sagittal sections through coiled shells and allow workers to compare models and choose appropriate sets of parameters for their own datasets. Shell form parameters in the Struthiolariidae highlight a hitherto-neglected hypothesis of relationship between Antarctic <i>Perissodonta</i> and the enigmatic Australian genus <i>Tylospira</i> that fits the biogeographic and stratigraphic distribution of both genera.</p>
Identifying environmental drivers of shell shape variation in the freshwater gastropod Campeloma decisum
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FIG. 3 in Shell shape variation of the symbiotic gastropod Phenacovolva rosea (Ovulidae) in Vietnam
FIG. 3. ANOVA tests of the width-to-height ratio of shells of P. rosea, vertical bars denote 0,95 confidence intervals A. Across four studied locations (current effect: F(3, 49)=32,260, p=,00000). B. Across six coral host species, irrespective of collection location (current effect: F(5, 35)=12,866, p=,00000).
Supplementary material 1 from: Hayashi M, Sugiura S (2021) Shell-breaking predation on gastropods by Badister pictus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) with strikingly asymmetric mandibles. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 815-830. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62293
Movie 1. Badister pictus attacking a dextral snail Zonitoides arboreus.
Figure 4 from: Hayashi M, Sugiura S (2021) Shell-breaking predation on gastropods by Badister pictus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) with strikingly asymmetric mandibles. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 815-830. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62293
Figure 4 Shell morphology and bite traces of Badister pictusA dextral shell B sinistral shell C dextral shell with an operculum D–F bite traces on dextral shells G, H bite traces on sinistral shells I broken part (shaded area) on a sinistral shell A–D, G front view E, H, I back view F dorsal view. Red circles indicate the positions where the shell (aperture) thickness was measured. Red arrows indicate the starting point of shell breaking by B. pictus. Broken lines indicate the bite traces by B. pictus.
Figure 6 from: Hayashi M, Sugiura S (2021) Shell-breaking predation on gastropods by Badister pictus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) with strikingly asymmetric mandibles. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 815-830. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62293
Figure 6 Effects of shell size/thickness and operculum on predation success of Badister pictusA relationship between maximum shell height/width and the presence/absence of an operculum and predation success (N = 155) B relationship between the shell thickness and the presence of an operculum and the predation success (N = 55). Red triangles and blue circles show snails with and without an operculum, respectively. Red and blue lines represent logistic regression lines of snails with and without an operculum derived from generalized linear mixed models, respectively (Tables 2, 3).
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