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76 results for “habitat shifts”
Predators balance consequences of climate-change induced habitat shifts for range-shifting and resident species
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Critical transitions and evolutionary hysteresis in movement: Habitat fragmentation can cause abrupt shifts in dispersal that are difficult to revert
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Directionally biased habitat shifts and biogeographically informative cytonuclear discordance in the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Compositae)
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Data from: Do habitat shifts drive the diversity in teleost fishes? An example from the pufferfishes (Tetraodontidae)
Habitat shifts are implicated as the cause of many vertebrate radiations, yet relatively few empirical studies quantify patterns of diversification following colonization of new habitats in fishes. The pufferfishes (family Tetraodontidae) occur in several habitats, including coral reefs and freshwater, which are thought to provide ecological opportunity for adaptive radiation, and thus provide a unique system for testing the hypothesis that shifts to new habitats alter diversification rates. To test this hypothesis we sequenced eight genes for 96 species of pufferfishes and closely related porcupine fishes, and added 19 species from sequences available in GenBank. We time-calibrated the molecular phylogeny using three fossils, and performed several comparative analyses to test whether colonization of novel habitats led to shifts in the rate of speciation and body size evolution, central predictions of clades experiencing ecological adaptive radiation.. Colonization of freshwater is associated with lower rates of cladogenesis in pufferfishes though these lineages also exhibit accelerated rates of body size evolution. Increased rates of cladogenesis are associated with transitions to coral reefs, but reef lineages surprisingly exhibit significantly lower rates of body size evolution. These results suggest that ecological opportunity afforded by novel habitats may be limited for pufferfishes due to competition with other species, constraints relating to pufferfish life history and trophic ecology, and other factors.
Data from: A phylogenetic perspective on habitat shifts and diversity in the North American Enallagma damselflies
Community ecologists are increasingly aware that the regional history of taxon diversification can have an important influence on community structure. Likewise, systematists recognize that ecological context can have an important influence on the processes of speciation and extinction that create patterns of descent. We present a phylogenetic analysis of 33 species of a North American radiation of damselflies (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae: Enallagma Selys), which have been well-studied ecologically, in order to elucidate the evolutionary mechanisms that have contributed to differences in diversity between larval habitats (lakes with and without fish predators). Analysis of molecular variation in 842 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and II subunit and the intervening Leu-tRNA and 37 morphological characters resulted in three well-defined clades that are only partially congruent with previous phylogenetic hypotheses. Molecular and morphological data partitions were significantly incongruent. Lack of haplotype monophyly within species and small levels of sequence divergence (<1%) between related species in 3 of the 4 clades suggests that recent, and parallel, speciation has been an important source of community diversity. Reconstruction of habitat preference over the phylogeny suggests that the greater species diversity in fish-lake habitats is due to the recency of shifts into the fishless-lake habit, although a difference in speciation or extinction rates between the two habitats is difficult to exclude as an additional mechanism.
Data for: Modeling climate-driven range shifts in populations of two bird species limited by habitat independent of climate
<p>Ranges of species around the world are expected to contract in response to climate change. Species distribution models (SDMs) are a powerful tool for predicting changes in habitat availability, but the variables selected to create SDMs influence their performance. In addition to climate, habitat characteristics and species traits can play a role in predicted species distribution. In this paper, we consider how variable selection influences the accuracy of SDMs when applied to isolated subpopulations of two widely distributed bird species: the great gray owl (<em>Strix</em> <em>nebulosa</em>) and the willow flycatcher (<em>Empidonax</em> <em>traillii</em>). In the Sierra Nevada of California, these species are restricted largely to discrete patches of meadow habitat within a forest matrix, providing the potential to identify specific locations to target conservation efforts. We contrast predictions made by SDMs that consider climatic variables alone with those that incorporate both climate and geophysical variables. Adding geophysical variables resulted in differing model predictions. For willow flycatchers, adding geophysical variables improved predictive performance. In the case of great gray owls, models with and without geophysical variables had nearly identical performance under historical conditions but differed starkly in their predictions. The full model (climatic and geophysical variables) predicted habitat availability to decrease moderately, whereas the climate-only model predicted nearly complete loss of favorable habitat by 2099. The climate-only model is consistent with expectations based on previous SDMs of birds across North America, but previous studies also assume homogeneity in species traits and range-wide habitat requirements. The full model appears more consistent with recent trends in great gray owl numbers in the Sierra Nevada specifically, where the population has remained relatively stable over recent decades. Given contradictions in our model predictions, care should be taken when trying to apply similar SDM models to other systems.</p>
Figure 4 from: Pérez-Luque AJ, Zamora R, Bonet FJ, Pérez-Pérez R (2015) Dataset of MIGRAME Project (Global Change, Altitudinal Range Shift and Colonization of Degraded Habitats in Mediterranean Mountains). PhytoKeys 56: 61-81. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.56.5482
Figure 4 - Diagram of integration of the dataset within Information System of Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory (http://obsnev.es/linaria.html). Field data were recorded with Smartphone devices (see Pérez-Pérez et al. 2013). After a validation process (see Quality Control section) the occurrence and measurement data were accommodated to Darwin Core Archive and integrated into GBIF.
Figure 3 from: Pérez-Luque AJ, Zamora R, Bonet FJ, Pérez-Pérez R (2015) Dataset of MIGRAME Project (Global Change, Altitudinal Range Shift and Colonization of Degraded Habitats in Mediterranean Mountains). PhytoKeys 56: 61-81. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.56.5482
Figure 3 - Sampling Design. a Altitudinal migration hypothesis. At each study site, from the forest edge to treeline ecotone, we sampled each 25 m of elevation b Colonization of marginal habitat hypothesis. Transects were located on three habitat types: Forests (brown circles), Forest Edges (red squares) and Inside Marginal Habitats (blue triangles).
Figure 2 from: Pérez-Luque AJ, Zamora R, Bonet FJ, Pérez-Pérez R (2015) Dataset of MIGRAME Project (Global Change, Altitudinal Range Shift and Colonization of Degraded Habitats in Mediterranean Mountains). PhytoKeys 56: 61-81. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.56.5482
Figure 2 - Distribution of Quercus pyrenaica forests in Iberian Peninsula (a). Sierra Nevada harbours eight populations of Quercus pyrenaica clustered into three groups (different colours). We selected two study sites: Robledal de Cañar (c) and Robledal San Juan (d). Colour Orthophotography of 2009 from Regional Ministry of the Environment, Regional Government of Andalusia.
Figure 1 from: Pérez-Luque AJ, Zamora R, Bonet FJ, Pérez-Pérez R (2015) Dataset of MIGRAME Project (Global Change, Altitudinal Range Shift and Colonization of Degraded Habitats in Mediterranean Mountains). PhytoKeys 56: 61-81. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.56.5482
Figure 1 - Schematic representation of the two main hypothesis of the project: altitudinal migration (a) and colonization of marginal areas (b) of Quercus pyrenaica forests.
Data used in "Anderson et al. 2024. Unexpected sources of uncertainty in projecting habitat shifts for Arctic shorebirds under climate change"
<p>Data used in "Anderson et al. 2023. Unexpected sources of uncertainty in projecting habitat shifts for Arctic shorebirds under climate change". Includes shorebird observations from Environment and Climate Change Canada PRISM dataset, and environmental covariates. See Anderson et al. 2023 methods for more details. Data was funded and collected by Environment and Climate Change Canada.</p>
Data for: Modeling climate-driven range shifts in populations of two bird species limited by habitat independent of climate
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Data from: A phylogenetic perspective on habitat shifts and diversity in the North American Enallagma damselflies
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Shifting trends: detecting changes in cetacean population dynamics in shifting habitat
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Data from: Do habitat shifts drive the diversity in teleost fishes? An example from the pufferfishes (Tetraodontidae)
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Data for: Extreme shifts in habitat suitability under contemporary climate change for a high-Arctic herbivore
<p>Data and code associated with MaxEnt analyses to quantify shifts in habitat suitability of muskoxen in the Northeast Greenland National Park. Details on how to use the files are provided in the README.docx file</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.