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Santa Rita Experimental Range site, station Pasture 12B at Santa Rita Experimental Range, study of plant cover of Echinocereus (hedgehog cactus) in units of percent on a yearly timescale

The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Santa Rita Experimental Range (SRE) contains plant cover of Echinocereus (hedgehog cactus) measurements in percent units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.

Santa Rita Experimental Range site, station Pasture 5N at Santa Rita Experimental Range, study of plant cover of Echinocereus (hedgehog cactus) in units of percent on a yearly timescale

Santa Rita Experimental Range site, station Pasture 5S at Santa Rita Experimental Range, study of plant cover of Echinocereus (hedgehog cactus) in units of percent on a yearly timescale

Santa Rita Experimental Range site, station Santa Rita Experimental Range pastures where the existing mesquite were killed and the pastures were grazed: pastures 3, 5N, 5S, 6B and 12B, study of plant cover of Echinocereus (hedgehog cactus) in units of percent on a yearly timescale

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

Supplementary material for the manuscript: Genetic structure of the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) in Denmark

This database contains supplementary material for our manuscript "Genetic structure of the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) in Denmark": S1 Fig/Figure 1a. Box plot of the individual heterozygosity (iHO) estimated for the six populations S2 Fig/Figure 1b. Plot of the iHO values ranked from the lowest to the highest values within each population S3 Fig/Figure 2. Likelihood plot of STRUCTURE results S4 Fig/Figure 3. Likelihood plot of STRUCTURE results (for separate populations) S5 Fig/Figure 4. Principal Component Analysis S1 Table/Table 2. Overview of individuals for genetic sampling S2 Table/Table 3. Dataset from GENEPOP S3 Table/ Table 4. Data for fragmentation analyses S4 Table/Table 1. Tukey’s test matrix for testing pairwise significant differences of the mean iHO between the six populations

opencc-zeroNov 2020View details →

Plasticity and genetic basis of cichlid gill arch anatomy reveal novel roles for Hedgehog signaling

Teleost gill arches are exquisitely evolved to maximize foraging efficiency, and include structures for the capture, filtering, and processing of prey. While both plasticity and a genetic basis for gill arch traits have been noted, the relative contribution of genetics and the environment in shaping these structures remains poorly understood. East African cichlids are particularly useful in this line of study due to their highly diverse and plastic feeding apparatus. Here we explore the gene-by-environmental effects on cichlid GRs by rearing pure bred species and their F3 hybrids in different foraging environments. We find that anatomical differences between species are dependent on the environment. The genetic architecture of these traits is also largely distinct between foraging environments. We did, however, note a few genomic "hotspots" where multiple traits map to a common region. One of these, for GR number across multiple arches, maps to the ptch1 locus, a key component of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway that has previously been implicated in cichlid oral jaw shape and plasticity. Since Hh signaling has not previously been implicated in GR development, we explored functional roles for this pathway. Using a small molecule inhibitor in cichlids, as well as zebrafish transgenic systems, we demonstrate that Hh levels negatively regulate GR number, and are both necessary and sufficient to maintain plasticity in this trait. In all these data underscore the critical importance of the environment in determining the relationship between genotype and phenotype, and provide a molecular inroad to better understand the origins of variation in this important foraging-related trait.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

Data from: Population biology of establishment in New Zealand hedgehogs inferred from genetic and historical data: conflict or compromise?

The crucial steps in biological invasions, related to the shaping of genetic architecture and the current evolution of adaptations to a novel environment, usually occur in small populations during the phases of introduction and establishment. However, these processes are difficult to track in nature due to invasion lag, large geographic and temporal scales compared with human observation capabilities, the frequent depletion of genetic variance, admixture and other phenomena. In this study, we compared genetic and historical evidence related to the invasion of the West European hedgehog to New Zealand to infer details about the introduction and establishment. Historical information indicates that the species was initially established on the South Island. A molecular assay of populations from Great Britain and New Zealand using mitochondrial sequences and nuclear microsatellite loci was performed based on a set of analyses including approximate Bayesian computation, a powerful approach for disentangling complex population demographies. According to these analyses, the population of the North Island was most similar to that of the native area and showed greatest reduction in genetic variation caused by founder demography and/or drift. This evidence indicated the location of the establishment phase. The hypothesis was corroborated by data on climate and urbanization. We discuss the contrasting results obtained by the molecular and historical approaches in the light of their different explanatory power and the possible biases influencing the description of particular aspects of invasions, and we advocate the integration of the two types of approaches in invasion biology.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Pathogenic LRRK2 control of primary cilia and Hedgehog signaling in neurons and astrocytes of mouse brain

Previously, we showed that cholinergic interneurons of the dorsal striatum lose cilia in mice harboring the Parkinson's disease associated, kinase activating, R1441C LRRK2 mutation (<a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.02.433576v1#ref-8">Dhekne et al., 2018</a>). Here we show that this phenotype is also seen in two mouse strains carrying the most common human G2019S LRRK2 mutation. Heterozygous loss of the PPM1H phosphatase that is specific for LRRK2-phosphorylated Rab GTPases (<a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.02.433576v1#ref-3">Berndsen et al., 2019</a>) yields the same cilia loss phenotype, strongly supporting a connection between Rab GTPase phosphorylation and cilia loss. In addition, astrocytes throughout the striatum show a ciliation defect in LRRK2 and PPM1H-/+ mutant models. Hedgehog signaling requires cilia, and loss of cilia correlates here with a loss in induction of Hedgehog signaling as monitored by in situ hybridization of Gli1 transcripts. These data support a model in which LRRK2 and PPM1H mutant mice struggle to receive and respond to critical Hedgehog signals in the nigral-striatal pathway.

opennotspecifiedJul 2018View details →

On following pages: 2. Northern White-breasted Hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus); 3. Southern White-breasted algirus); 6. Fourtoed Hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris); 7. Somali Hedgehog (Atelerix sclateri); 8. Southern African Hedgehog hypomelas); 11. Indian Hedgehog (Paraechinus micropus); 12. Bare-bellied Hedgehog (Paraechinus nudiventris); 13 collaris); 15. Wang's Forest Hedgehog (Mesechinus wangi): 16. Small-toothed Forest Hedgehog (Mesechinus miodon Gymnure (Hylomys megalotis); 20. Dwarf Gymnure (Hylomys parvus); 21. Short-tailed Gymnure (Hylomys suillus (Neohylomys hainanensis); 25. Mindanao Gymnure (Podogymnura true); 26. Dinagat Gymnure (Podogymnura aureospinula Hedgehog (Erinaceus concolon; 4. Amur Hedgehog (Erinaceus amurensis); 5. North African Hedgehog (Atelerix (Atelerix frontalis); 9. Desert Hedgehog (Paraechinus aethiopicus); 10. Brandt's Hedgehog (Paraechinus. Common Long-eared Hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus); 14. Indian Long-eared Hedgehog (Hemiechinus); 17. Daurian Hedgehog (Mesechinus dauuricus); 18. Hugh's Hedgehog (Mesechinus hughi); 19. Long-eared); 22. Moonrat (Echinosorex gymnurus); 23. Shrew Gymnure (Neotetracus sinensis); 24. Hainan Gymnure). in Erinaceidae

On following pages: 2. Northern White-breasted Hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus); 3. Southern White-breasted algirus); 6. Fourtoed Hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris); 7. Somali Hedgehog (Atelerix sclateri); 8. Southern African Hedgehog hypomelas); 11. Indian Hedgehog (Paraechinus micropus); 12. Bare-bellied Hedgehog (Paraechinus nudiventris); 13 collaris); 15. Wang's Forest Hedgehog (Mesechinus wangi): 16. Small-toothed Forest Hedgehog (Mesechinus miodon Gymnure (Hylomys megalotis); 20. Dwarf Gymnure (Hylomys parvus); 21. Short-tailed Gymnure (Hylomys suillus (Neohylomys hainanensis); 25. Mindanao Gymnure (Podogymnura true); 26. Dinagat Gymnure (Podogymnura aureospinula Hedgehog (Erinaceus concolon; 4. Amur Hedgehog (Erinaceus amurensis); 5. North African Hedgehog (Atelerix (Atelerix frontalis); 9. Desert Hedgehog (Paraechinus aethiopicus); 10. Brandt's Hedgehog (Paraechinus. Common Long-eared Hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus); 14. Indian Long-eared Hedgehog (Hemiechinus); 17. Daurian Hedgehog (Mesechinus dauuricus); 18. Hugh's Hedgehog (Mesechinus hughi); 19. Long-eared); 22. Moonrat (Echinosorex gymnurus); 23. Shrew Gymnure (Neotetracus sinensis); 24. Hainan Gymnure).

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

Host-driven subspeciation in hedgehog fungus, Trichophyton erinacei, an emerging cause of human dermatophytosis

Trichophyton erinacei is a main cause of dermatophytosis in hedgehogs and is increasingly reported from human infections worldwide. This pathogen was originally described in the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) but is also frequently found in the African four-toed hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris), a popular pet animal worldwide. Little is known about the taxonomy and population genetics of this pathogen despite its increasing importance in clinical practice. Notably, whether there are different populations or even cryptic species associated with different hosts or geographic regions is not known. To answer these questions, we collected 161 isolates, performed phylogenetic and population-genetic analyses, determined mating-type, and characterised morphology and physiology. Multigene phylogeny and microsatellite analysis supported T. erinacei as a monophyletic species, in contrast to highly incongruent single-gene phylogenies. Two main subpopulations, one specific mainly to Atelerix and second to Erinaceus hosts, were identified inside T. erinacei, and slight differences in the size of microconidia and antifungal susceptibilities were observed among them. Although the process of speciation into two lineages is ongoing in T. erinacei, there is still gene flow between these populations. Thus, we present T. erinacei as a single species, with notable intraspecies variability in genotype and phenotype. The data from wild hedgehogs indicated that sexual reproduction in T. erinacei and de novo infection of hedgehogs from soil are probably rare events and that clonal horizontal spread strongly dominates. The molecular typing approach used in this study represents a suitable tool for further epidemiological surveillance of this emerging pathogen in both animals and humans. The results of this study also highlighted the need to use a multigene phylogeny ideally in combination with other independent molecular markers to understand the species boundaries of dermatophytes.

FIGURE 3 in Validation of the status of a species with high CO1 and low nuclear genetic divergences: the scab mite Caparinia ictonyctis stat. res. (Acariformes: Psoroptidae) parasitizing the African hedgehog Atelerix albiventris

FIGURE 3. Details of Caparinia spp. A—Position of seta si, female of C. ictonyctis stat. res.; B—Same, female of C. tripilis; C—Coxal field III, male of C. ictonyctis stat. res.; D—Same, females of C. tripilis; E - Anal region, female of C. tripilis; F— Adanal shields, male of C. tripilis.

FIGURE 6. Caparinia ictonyctis Lawrence, 1955, protonymph. A in Validation of the status of a species with high CO1 and low nuclear genetic divergences: the scab mite Caparinia ictonyctis stat. res. (Acariformes: Psoroptidae) parasitizing the African hedgehog Atelerix albiventris

FIGURE 6. Caparinia ictonyctis Lawrence, 1955, protonymph. A—dorsal view; B—ventral view; C—tarsus I in dorsal view, D—same in ventral view; E—tarsus II in dorsal view; F—same in ventral view; G—leg III in ventral view; H—leg IV in ventral view. Scale bars: 100 µm = A, B; 50 µm = C–H.

FIGURE 5. Caparinia ictonyctis Lawrence, 1955, larva. A in Validation of the status of a species with high CO1 and low nuclear genetic divergences: the scab mite Caparinia ictonyctis stat. res. (Acariformes: Psoroptidae) parasitizing the African hedgehog Atelerix albiventris

FIGURE 5. Caparinia ictonyctis Lawrence, 1955, larva. A—dorsal view; B—ventral view; C—leg I in dorsal view, D—same in ventral view; E—leg II in dorsal view; F—same in ventral view; G—leg III in ventral view. Scale bars: 100 µm = A, B; 50 µm = C–G.

FIGURE 2 in Validation of the status of a species with high CO1 and low nuclear genetic divergences: the scab mite Caparinia ictonyctis stat. res. (Acariformes: Psoroptidae) parasitizing the African hedgehog Atelerix albiventris

FIGURE 2. SEM images of Caparinia ictonyctis stat. res. A—Tibia and tarsus IV of male, dorsal view; B—Tarsus IV of male, ventral view; C—Female, dorsal view; D—Posterior opisthosoma, dorsal view; E—Trochanter I, dorsal view; F—Tibia and tarsus III, dorsal view.

FIGURE 4 in Validation of the status of a species with high CO1 and low nuclear genetic divergences: the scab mite Caparinia ictonyctis stat. res. (Acariformes: Psoroptidae) parasitizing the African hedgehog Atelerix albiventris

FIGURE 4. Anal region of females (left column) and adanal shields of males (right column) of Caparinia spp. A and B—C. setifera; C and D—C. erinacei; E and F—C. algirus; G and H—C. lophiomys.

opennotspecifiedJan 2024View details →

Figure 1 in Brandt's Hedgehog, Paraechinus hypomelas (Brandt, 1836), new to the mammal fauna of Iraq

Figure 1: Brandt's Hedgehog, Paraechinus hypomelas, modified from Bhattacharyya et al. (2016) with the new range in Iraq.

opennotspecifiedDec 2023View details →

Figure 3 in Mitochondrial genetic variation in long-eared hedgehogs, Hemiechinus auritus, from the Anatolian Peninsula and Cyprus

Figure 3: Median-joining network constructed using cyt-b sequences of Hemiechinus auritus. The size of each circle is proportional to the frequency of the haplotype in the sample. Median vectors are indicated by blank circles. Each mutation between haplotypes is represented by a bar. For the geographical origins of the sequences, see Figure 1, Table 1 and Supplementary Table S1.

opennotspecifiedDec 2023View details →

Figure 2 in Mitochondrial genetic variation in long-eared hedgehogs, Hemiechinus auritus, from the Anatolian Peninsula and Cyprus

Figure 2: Results of MP, ML and BI analyses combined on an ML tree based on cyt-b sequences of Hemiechinus auritus. Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap support values (MP and ML)/posterior probabilities (BI). Bootstrap values ≥ 90 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥0.90 are shown. For the geographical origins of the sequences, see Figure 1, Table 1 and Supplementary Table S1.