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Figure 1 in Detection of helminth parasites in commercialized turtles: threats to native Testudines in northeast India

Figure 1. Astiotrema reniferum: (A) entire, ventral view (arrow marks anterior to posterior denoted ovary, anterior testis, and posterior testes), (B) Anterior end, ventral view (arrow marks anterior to posterior denoted oral sucker, gonopore, acetabulum, and ovary), (C) Gonopore, and egg are marked by arrow anterior to posterior, and (D) Testes, ventral view.

Fig. 3 in Effects of latitude, host body size, and host trophic guild on patterns of diversity of helminths associated with humans, wild and domestic mammals of Mexico

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) regression of host body mass (values were log-transformed) with richness of helminths associated to wildlife hosts (values were corrected for sampling effort).

Fig. 2 in Effects of latitude, host body size, and host trophic guild on patterns of diversity of helminths associated with humans, wild and domestic mammals of Mexico

Fig. 2. Relationships between latitude and the average taxonomic distinctness of overall helminths (A) and nematodes (B).

Fig. 4 in Effects of latitude, host body size, and host trophic guild on patterns of diversity of helminths associated with humans, wild and domestic mammals of Mexico

Fig. 4. Parasite richness and average taxonomic distinctness by host trophic guild (the size of circle represents the number of hosts belonging to each trophic guild).

Fig. 1 in Effects of latitude, host body size, and host trophic guild on patterns of diversity of helminths associated with humans, wild and domestic mammals of Mexico

Fig. 1. Maps showing the geographic locations of the records, classified by phylum of the subsetted database.

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Fig. 1 in Diversity of helminth parasites of eight siluriform fishes from the Aguapeí River, upper Paraná basin, São Paulo state, Brazil

Fig. 1. Map of the study area. Black dots represent the sampling location in the mouth of the Aguapeí River, Upper Paraná River basin, at the border of São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul States, Brazil.

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Fig. 2. A in Helminth communities of sigmonontine rodents in cocoa agroforestry systems in Brazil

Fig. 2. A bipartite network analysis indicating the sigmodontine rodents – helminths associations in nine agroforestry farms, Ilhéus, state of Bahia, Brazil.

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Fig. 1 in Diversity of helminth parasites of freshwater fish in the headwaters of the Coatzacoalcos River, in Oaxaca, Mexico

Fig. 1. The upper Coatzacoalcos river in Mexico showing the fish Collection sites; codes: 1. El Platanillo river, tributary to Del Sol river (municipality Santo Domingo Petapa), coordinates 16.951111, −95.244167, altitude 416 m; 2. Río Grande (El Barrio), 16.792167, −95.016083, 220 m; 3. Río Negro (Santa María Chimalapa), 16.898528, −94.693694, 166 m; 4. Río Modelo (Santa María Chimalapa), 17.134778, −94.745000, 115 m; 5. Río Pánfilo (Matías Romero, Oaxaca), 17.083639, −94.873944, 60 m; 6. Río Jaltepec (Jesús Carranza, Veracruz), 17.388444, −95.056111, 40 m; 7. Río Escondido (Paraje San Francisco El Vado, Agencia Municipal Río Escondido, Santa María Chimalapa), 17.091083, −94.751694, 103 m. Note all sites in Oaxaca state, except # 6.

Fig. 2. A in Gastrointestinal helminths of waterfowl (Anatidae: Anatinae) in the Lerma marshes of central Mexico: Some pathological aspects

Fig. 2. A. Proventriculus section of Oxyura jamaicensis showing a T. fissispina gravid female in the lumen of the glandular epithelium, surrounded by some giant cells (asterisk), lymphocytes and wrapped by a fibrous vascular connective tissue capsule (arrow) that displaces the proventriculus glands. Stained with H-E. B. Proventriculus of Mareca americana, showing multiple inflammatory foci consisting of lymphocytes and a few eosinophils. The cestode Gastrotaenia cygni can be observed on the glands' lumen. Stained with H-E. C. Anas acuta gizzard, where the presence of abundant nematodes (Epomidiostomun uncinatum and Amidostomum spp.) can be observed below the keratinized epithelium, surrounded by an abundant amount of mucus (asterisk) and hyperplasia of the mucus-producing cells (arrow). Stained with H-E. D. Gizzard of Anas crecca, where nematodes of the genus Amidostomum can be observed below the keratinized epithelium surrounded by an abundant amount of mucus (arrow). Stained with Masson's trichromic.

Fig. 1. A in Gastrointestinal helminths of waterfowl (Anatidae: Anatinae) in the Lerma marshes of central Mexico: Some pathological aspects

Fig. 1. A. Intestine of Anas crecca with a transparent nodule of 2 mm in diameter caused by Pseudocorynosoma constrictum penetrating the serosa. B. Proventriculus of Spatula discors with nodules (arrows): some of them whit Tetrameres sp. C. Gizzard of Mareca americana with hemorrhages (arrow) caused by the nematode Amidostomum spp. D. Gizzard of Mareca americana with a nodule of 1.5 × 2 cm in diameter and firm consistency, with the nematode Echinuria uncinata. E. Intestine of Anas crecca showing a nodule in the subserosa, containing the acanthocephalan Filicollis sp. in the intestinal lumen.

Fig. 5 in Host and geographic differences in prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal helminths of foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (Canis lupus) in Quebec´, Canada

Fig. 5. On the left, whole mounted Cryptocotyle lingua adult trematode stained with borax carmine (credit: Brent Wagner). On the right, distribution of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) infected with C. lingua in the Subarctic (samples (n) collected along James Bay and the St Lawrence estuary) and Humid Continental climate collected during winter 2016–2017 by trappers from Qu´ebec, Canada. Arrows indicate major waterways.

Fig. 2. A in Host and geographic differences in prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal helminths of foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (Canis lupus) in Quebec´, Canada

Fig. 2. A) Parasite genus richness in foxes (Vulpes vulpes, blue), coyotes (Canis latrans, orange), and wolves (Canis lupus, gray) from Qu´ebec, Canada, determined by gross examination and fecal flotation combined (N = 250). Fewer foxes were uninfected than coyotes (p = 0.006). More foxes were infected by two parasite genera than coyotes (p = 0.004). B) Parasite genus richness between Subarctic (yellow) and Humid Continental climate (green) in foxes from Qu´ebec, Canada, determined by gross examination and fecal flotation combined (N = 155). No significant difference in parasite genera was seen in foxes between Subarctic and Humid Continental climate regions. Parasites counted in both histograms were: diphyllobothriids (likely Dibothriocephalus spp.), Echinococcus spp., Taenia spp., Capillaria spp., Toxascaris sp., Toxocara sp., Trichuris sp., Uncinaria sp., Alaria sp., Cryptocotyle sp., and Metorchis sp. Parasites observed in both fecal and gross examination were only counted once. Bars represent 95% confidence intervals. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 6 in Host and geographic differences in prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal helminths of foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (Canis lupus) in Quebec´, Canada

Fig. 6. Distribution of foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis latrans), and wolves (Canis lupus) infected with Toxascaris leonina (left, N = 55) and Toxocara canis (right, N = 19) in the Subarctic and Humid Continental climate collected during winter 2016–2017 by hunters and trappers from Qu´ebec, Canada.

Fig. 1. K in Host and geographic differences in prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal helminths of foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (Canis lupus) in Quebec´, Canada

Fig. 1. K¨oppen climate regions and sampling distribution of foxes (Vulpes vulpes, N = 176), coyotes (Canis latrans, N = 77), and wolves (Canis lupus, N = 23) collected during winter 2016–2017 by hunters and trappers from Qu´ebec, Canada. Arrows indicate major waterways.

Fig. 4 in Host and geographic differences in prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal helminths of foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (Canis lupus) in Quebec´, Canada

Fig. 4. Mixed taeniid infections in the Humid Continental climate in coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (Canis lupus) from Qu´ebec, Canada, following molecular analyses. Abbreviations on x-axis: E. can, Echinococcus canadensis; T. hyd, Taenia hydatigena; T. twi, T. twitchelli; T. kra, T. krabbei; T. pis, T. pisiformis-"like"; T. cra, T. crassiceps.

Fig. 3 in Host and geographic differences in prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal helminths of foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (Canis lupus) in Quebec´, Canada

Fig. 3. Neighbour-joining tree of Jukes-Cantor distances among sequences of CO1 (alignment 450 bp using all sites) from Alaria available on GenBank as of 7 July 2021. Data from Alaria americana, including data from the present study, indicated by darker shaded cluster and white font. Sequences from A. alata are HM022221-3, KF751233-4, KP123416-20, KP123422-5, KX962374, KX962392, KX962395, KX962397-8, KX962402, KX962406, KX962415, KX962421, KX962433, KX962437, KX962454-5, KX962471-2, KX962481, KX962491, KY012317, MT103215-31; from Alaria sp. in Argentina KF572949, MH892076, MT328804-6; from Alaria sp. in Wisconsin, USA KT223036; from A. americana MZ605217-33 (present study) and MH536507 (indicated with an asterisk).

Fig. 3 in Composition and structure of the helminth community of rodents in matrix habitat areas of the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil

Fig. 3. Bipartite plot of the interactions between the mammal hosts and the helminth parasites identified in the present study.

Fig. 2 in Composition and structure of the helminth community of rodents in matrix habitat areas of the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil

Fig. 2. Species accumulation curve of the helminths recorded in each mammalian host: a. Akodon cursor b. Mus musculus c. Necromys lasiurus.

Fig. 1 in Composition and structure of the helminth community of rodents in matrix habitat areas of the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil

Fig. 1. Location of the sampling sites within the REBIO Poço das Antas and the APA-BRSJ in Rio de Janeiro state (RJ), southeastern Brazil, showing the distribution of the different vegetation types and the canals that separate the two reserves.

Fig. 1 in DNA barcoding reveals different cestode helminth species in northern European marine and freshwater ringed seals

Fig. 1. (A) Geographic distributions of the three northern European ringed seal subspecies from which cestodes were collected for COI barcoding: Baltic ringed seal (green), Saimaa ringed seal (blue), and Ladoga ringed seal (red). (B) Midpoint-rooted neighbor-joining tree based on K2P distances among COI barcode sequences of 35 cestode individuals collected from the three focal ringed seal subspecies. Individuals are colored according to host subspecies, numbers above or next to branches are bootstrap support values based on 500 resamplings of the data matrix (only values> 70% shown). Cestode species names indicated under the main branches are based on barcode similarity to reference sequences in GenBank. (C) Maximum-likelihood tree based on a 562-bp alignment of the barcode sequences of the focal cestodes and 34 diphyllobothriidean reference taxa obtained from GenBank. Numbers above branches are bootstrap support values based on 100 resamplings of the data (only values> 70% shown). In both trees, individual names include the voucher code or GenBank accession number, seal subspecies abbreviation with seal individual code, barcode-based cestode species name, and name of the host (sub)species from which the cestode specimen was collected. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)