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184 results for “high latitude”
Data from: Whole-genome analysis of Mustela erminea finds that pulsed hybridization impacts evolution at high-latitudes
At high-latitude, climatic shifts hypothetically drove episodes of divergence during isolation in glacial refugia, or ice-free pockets of land that enabled terrestrial species persistence. Upon glacial recession, populations can expand and often come into contact, resulting in admixture between previously isolated groups. To understand how recurrent periods of isolation and contact have impacted evolution at high latitudes, we investigated introgression in the stoat (Mustela erminea), a Holarctic mammalian carnivore, using whole-genome sequences. We identify two temporally isolated introgression events coincident with large-scale climatic shifts: contemporary introgression in a mainland contact zone and ancient contact ~ 200 km south along North America's North Pacific Coast. Repeated episodes of gene flow highlight the central role of cyclic climates in structuring high-latitude diversity, through refugial divergence and subsequent introgressive hybridization. Introgression followed by allopatry (e.g., insularization) may contribute to expedited divergence of island taxa experiencing substantial glacial flux.
Increased importance of cool-water fish at high latitudes emerges from individual level responses to warming
<ol> <li>High-latitude ecosystems are experiencing the most rapid warming on earth, expected to trigger a diverse array of ecological responses. Climate warming affects the ecophysiology of fish, and fish close to the cold end of their thermal distribution are expected to increase somatic growth from increased temperatures and a prolonged growth season, which in turn affects maturation schedules, reproduction and survival, boosting population growth. Accordingly, fish species living in ecosystems close to their northern range edge should increase in relative abundance and importance, and possibly displace cold-water adapted species. </li> <li>We aim to document if and how population-level effects of warming are mediated by individual-level responses to increased temperatures, shifts in community structure and composition in high-latitude ecosystems.</li> <li>We studied 11 cool-water adapted freshwater fish populations in communities dominated by cold-water-adapted species to investigate changes in the relative importance of cool-water fish during the last 30 years of rapid warming in high-latitude lakes. In addition, we studied the individual-level responses to warming to clarify the potential mechanisms underlying the population effects.</li> <li>Our long-term series (1991–2020) reveal a marked increase in numerical importance of the cool-water fish species, perch, in ten out of eleven populations, and in most fish communities the cool-water species is now dominant. Moreover, we show that climate warming affects population-level processes via direct and indirect temperature effects on the individuals. Specifically, the increase in abundance arises from increased recruitment, faster juvenile growth and ensuing earlier maturation, all boosted by climate warming.</li> <li>The speed and magnitude of the response to warming in these high-latitude fish communities strongly suggest that cold-water fish will be displaced by fish adapted to warmer water. Consequently, management should focus on climate adaptation limiting future introductions and invasions of cool-water fish and mitigating harvesting pressure on cold-water fish.</li> </ol>
Decreasing seasonal cycle amplitude of methane in the northern high latitudes being driven by lower latitude changes in emissions and transport
<p>This dataset contains the smoothed and detrended time series of methane from the TOMCAT regional tagged tracer simulations between 1995-2020 at 22 NOAA surface observation sites. Each file contains the Site Code and the latitude and longitude of of each observation site. The regional file contains the region code of each regional tagged tracer. More information on the TOMCAT simulation and the Site Codes and Region Codes can be found at: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-132, 2023</p>
Data from: Movement diversity and partial sympatry of coastal and Northeast Arctic cod ecotypes at high latitudes
<p>Movement diversity within species represent an important, but often neglected, component of biodiversity that affects ecological and genetic interactions, as well as the productivity of exploited systems. By combining individual tracking data from acoustic telemetry with novel genetic analyses, we describe the movement diversity of two Atlantic cod <em>Gadus morhua</em> ecotypes in two high-latitude fjord systems: the highly migratory Northeast Arctic cod (NEA cod) that supports the largest cod fishery in the world, and the more sedentary Norwegian coastal cod, which is currently in a depleted state. As predicted, coastal cod displayed a higher level of fjord residency than NEA cod. Of the cod tagged during the spawning season, NEA cod left the fjords permanently to a greater extent and earlier compared to coastal cod, which to a greater extent remained resident and left the fjords temporarily. Despite this overall pattern, horizontal movements atypical for the ecotypes were common with some NEA cod remaining within the fjords year-round and some coastal cod displaying a low fjord fidelity. Fjord residency and exit timing also differed with spawning status and body size, with spawning cod and large individuals tagged during the feeding season more prone to leave the fjords and earlier than non-spawning and smaller individuals. While our results confirm a lower coastal dependency for NEA cod, they highlight a movement diversity within each ecotype and sympatric residency between ecotypes, previously undetected by population-level monitoring. This new knowledge is relevant for the management, which should base their fisheries advice for these interacting ecotypes on their habitat use and seasonal movements.</p>
Data from: Jeju Island: a sentinel for tracking ocean warming impacts on high-latitude benthic communities
<p>As climate changes and anthropogenic pressures increase, marine ecosystem assembly and functioning are altered. High-latitude areas may provide opportunities for some tropical and subtropical organisms to survive. Yet, it is difficult to assess ongoing changes as ecological baselines are often missing. Here, we focus on the rapidly warming region of Jeju Island (South Korea), where thermal changes may have already triggered a poleward expansion of tropical and subtropical taxa and changes in community assembly. In 2012–2014, an island-wide quantitative description of its benthic communities (5 m and 15 m depths) was made, whereas patterns in seawater temperatures were examined from 1981 to 2020. The Jeju Island algal assemblage was dominated by the regionally endemic kelp, <em>Ecklonia</em> <em>cava</em>. Turf, encrusting coralline algae, alongside tropical, subtropical, and cosmopolitan macro-algae were also major components of the benthic community. Hermatypic coral cover was higher at the 15 m depth than 5 m depth. Increases in seawater temperatures were highly significant, with differences between the average annual SST [1980–2020] and annual SST reaching up to + 1.61 °C in only 40 yr. The thermal rise was more pronounced in winter than summer, and warming was further accompanied by a major decline in the number of days below 14 °C and 18 °C, which are considered critical thermal thresholds for hermatypic coral survival and reef development, respectively. Warming winter seawater temperatures could ultimately lead to a loss of seasonality and profound modifications of benthic assemblages. This study provides the necessary assessment of benthic community conditions at Jeju Island upon which the ongoing changes in the area can be explicitly demonstrated.</p>
Systematic review of post-fire forest recovery at high latitudes
<p><span>Through this systematic review, we sought to determine the general relationship between post-fire tree regeneration densities and latitude in forests above 40º N/S. We expected regeneration densities post-fire would decrease with increasing latitude, and that forest regeneration would be negatively impacted by high burn severities, forest management, harsh site conditions, and unprotected microsites. We also anticipated that light-demanding species with adaptations to fire would replace shade-tolerant species that lack such adaptations post-fire. To achieve our objective and test our hypotheses, we analyzed 93 articles that directly measured post-fire regeneration at or above 40º N/S.</span></p>
High-latitude marginal reefs support fewer but bigger corals than their tropical counterparts
<p><span>Anthropogenic impacts are typically detrimental to tropical coral reefs, but the effect of increasing environmental stress and variability on the size structure of coral communities remains poorly understood. This limits our ability to effectively conserve coral reef ecosystems because size-specific dynamics are rarely incorporated. Our aim is to quantify variation in the size structure of coral populations across 20 sites along a tropical-to-subtropical environmental gradient on the east coast of Australia (~23</span><span>°</span><span>S to 30</span><span>°</span><span>S), to determine how size structure changes with a gradient of sea surface temperature, turbidity, productivity and light levels. We use two approaches: 1) linear regression with summary statistics (such as median size) as response variables, a method frequently favoured by ecologists; and 2) compositional functional regression, a novel method using entire size-frequency distributions as response variables. We then predict coral population size structure with increasing environmental stress and variability. Together, we find fewer but larger coral colonies in marginal reefs, where conditions are typically more variable and stressful, than in tropical reefs.</span> <span>Our model predicts that coral populations may become gradually dominated by larger colonies (> 148 cm<sup>2</sup>) with increasing environmental stress. Fewer but bigger corals suggest low survival of smaller corals, slow growth, and / or poor recruitment. This finding is concerning for the future of coral reefs, as it implies that current marginal populations, or future reefs in increasingly stressful environmental conditions may have low recovery potential. We highlight the importance of continuously monitoring changes to population structure over biogeographic scales.</span></p>
Data from: Divergent mechanisms of reduced growth performance in Betula ermanii saplings from high-altitude and low-latitude range edges
<p><span>The reduced growth performance of individuals from range edges is a common phenomenon in various taxa, and considered to be an evolutionary factor that limits the species' range. However, most studies did not distinguish between two mechanisms that can lead to this reduction: genetic load and adaptive selection to harsh conditions. This study investigated the climatic and genetic factors underlying the growth performance of <em>Betula ermanii</em> saplings transplanted from 11 populations including high-altitude edge and low-latitude edge population using RAD-seq analysis.</span></p> <p>For 11 B. ermanii populations in wide-latitude range of Japan, we estimated gene diversity, nucleotide diversity, <span>the coefficients of linkage disequilibrium, genetic differentiation between populations, population structure as well as the relatedness coefficient from SNPs. As a result, the low-latitude edge population exhibited a high level of linkage disequilibrium, low genetic diversity, a distinct genetic composition from the other populations, and a high relatedness coefficient.</span></p> <p><span>This data contains two SNPs datas (vcf files) used in these analysis. We analyzed SNPs data separately for 8 planting sites. Then each tarball contains 8 separate vcf files. One tarball named "vcfAfterFiltering" contains vcf files after SNP filtering steps used for the calculation of the coefficients of linkage disequilibrium. Another tarball named "vcfAfterLDPruning" contains vcf files after SNP filtering and before LD-based pruning used for the calculation of other genetic parameters.</span></p>
Data from: Divergent mechanisms of reduced growth performance in Betula ermanii saplings from high-altitude and low-latitude range edges
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High-latitude marginal reefs support fewer but bigger corals than their tropical counterparts
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Data from: Invasive Eurasian minnow alters the trophic niche and growth of brown trout in high-latitude lakes
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Systematic review of post-fire forest recovery at high latitudes
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Contrasting latitudinal patterns in diversity and stability in a high-latitude species-rich moth community
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Data from: Whole-genome analysis of Mustela erminea finds that pulsed hybridization impacts evolution at high-latitudes
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Data from: Movement diversity and partial sympatry of coastal and Northeast Arctic cod ecotypes at high latitudes
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Transient amplification enhances the persistence of tropicalising coral assemblages in marginal high latitude environments
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Improving the representation of high-latitude vegetation distribution in dynamic global vegetation models
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Data from: A unique Late Cretaceous fossil wood assemblage from Chilean Patagonia provides clues to high-latitude continental environment
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Data from Stranger Things: Organismal traits of two octocorals associated with singular Symbiodiniaceae in a high-latitude coral community from northern Taiwan
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A combined microbial and biogeochemical dataset from high-latitude ecosystems with respect to methane cycle
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.