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573 results for “immune function”
Data from: Lactation and resource limitation affect stress responses, thyroid hormones, immune function and antioxidant capacity of sea otters (Enhydra lutris)
1. Lactation is the most energetically demanding stage of reproduction in female mammals. Increased energetic allocation toward current reproduction may result in fitness costs, though the mechanisms underlying these trade-offs are not well understood. Trade-offs during lactation may include reduced energetic allocation to cellular maintenance, immune response and survival, and may be influenced by resource limitation. 2. As the smallest marine mammal, sea otters (Enhydra lutris) have the highest mass-specific metabolic rate necessitating substantial energetic requirements for survival. To provide the increased energy needed for lactation, female sea otters significantly increase foraging effort, especially during late-lactation. Caloric insufficiency during lactation is reflected in the high numbers of maternal deaths due to End-Lactation Syndrome in the California subpopulation. 3. We investigated the effects of lactation and resource limitation on maternal stress responses, metabolic regulation, immune function and antioxidant capacity in two subspecies of wild sea otters (northern: E. l. nereis and southern: E. l. kenyoni) within the California, Washington and Alaska subpopulations. 4. Lactation and resource limitation were associated with reduced glucocorticoid responses to acute capture stress. Corticosterone release was lower in lactating otters. Cortisol release was lower under resource limitation and suppression during lactation was only evident under resource limitation. Lactation and resource limitation were associated with alterations in thyroid hormones. Immune responses and total antioxidant capacity were not reduced by lactation or resource limitation. Southern sea otters exhibited higher concentrations of antioxidants, immunoglobulins and thyroid hormones than northern sea otters. 5. These data provide evidence for allocation trade-offs during reproduction and in response to nutrient limitation but suggest self-maintenance of immune function and antioxidant defenses despite energetic constraints. Income-breeding strategists may be especially vulnerable to the consequences of stress and modulation of thyroid function when food resources are insufficient to support successful reproduction and may come at a cost to survival, and thereby influence population trends.
Data from: Rapid evolution of larval life history, adult immune function and flight muscles in a poleward moving damselfly
Although a growing number of studies have documented the evolution of adult dispersal-related traits at the range edge of poleward-expanding species, we know little about evolutionary changes in immune function or traits expressed by nondispersing larvae. We investigated differentiation in larval (growth and development) and adult traits (immune function and flight-related traits) between replicated core and edge populations of the poleward-moving damselfly Coenagrion scitulum. These traits were measured on individuals reared in a common garden experiment at two different food levels, as allocation trade-offs may be easier to detect under energy shortage. Edge individuals had a faster larval life history (growth and development rates), a higher adult immune function and a nearly significant higher relative flight muscle mass. Most of the differentiation between core and edge populations remained and edge populations had a higher relative flight muscle mass when corrected for latitude-specific thermal regimes, and hence could likely be attributed to the range expansion process per se. We here for the first time document a higher immune function in individuals at the expansion front of a poleward-expanding species and documented the rarely investigated evolution of faster life histories during range expansion. The rapid multivariate evolution in these ecological relevant traits between edge and core populations is expected to translate into changed ecological interactions and therefore has the potential to generate novel eco-evolutionary dynamics at the expansion front.
Data from: Defence versus defence: are crucian carp trading off immune function against predator-induced morphology?
1. Numerous species adopt inducible defence strategies, i.e. they have phenotypically plastic traits that decrease the risk of capture and consumption by potential predators. The benefits of expressing alternative phenotypes in high- versus low-risk environments are well documented. However, inducible anti-predator traits are also expected to incur costs, as they are not expressed when predators are absent, yet empirical evidence of such costs remains scarce. 2. Virtually all animals in nature are simultaneously under strong selection to evade both capture by predators and infection by parasites or pathogens, and, hence, display a diverse arsenal of defences to combat these threats, raising the possibility of trade-offs between defences. A classic example of a predator-induced morphological defence is the deep-bodied shape of crucian carp that reduces risk of predation from gape-size limited predators. The goal of this study was to examine if predator exposure affects also immune function in crucian carp, and if the degree of expressed morphological defence is traded off against immune function in individuals. 3. Following exposure to manipulations of perceived risk (predator presence/absence) in a long-term experiment (eight months), key aspects of innate immune function and individual differences in the expression of inducible morphological defence were quantified. 4. Predator-exposed individuals showed lower haptoglobin levels and complement activity, but higher natural antibody titres than fish from predator-free conditions. When experimentally challenged with a mimicked bacterial infection (LPS injection), fish reared in the presence of a natural predator showed a weaker immune response. Moreover, among predator-exposed individuals, the magnitude of morphological defence expression correlated with both baseline immune function and the ability to mount an immune response. However, these relationships were not consistently supportive of a general trade-off among defences. 5. Our results suggest that fish exposed to predators on average reduce investment in immune function and, further, the observed relationships among defences in predator-exposed individuals can best be explained from individual fitness and pace-of-life perspectives.
ASO-mediated knockdown of GPNMB in mutant-GRN and Grn-deficient peripheral myeloid cells disrupts lysosomal function and immune responses
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increases in GPNMB are detectable in FTD-<em>GRN</em> cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and post-mortem brain, and brains of aged <em>Grn</em>-deficient mice. Although no upregulation of GPNMB is observed in the brains of young <em>Grn</em>-deficient mice, peripheral immune cells of these mice do exhibit this increase in GPNMB. Importantly, the functional significance of GPNMB upregulation in progranulin-deficient states is currently unknown. Given that GPNMB has been discussed as a potential therapeutic target in <em>GRN</em>-mediated neurodegeneration, it is vital for the field to determine what the normal function of GPNMB is in the immune system, and whether targeting GPNMB will elicit beneficial or deleterious effects.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>The effects of GPNMB knock-down via antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) were assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 25 neurologically healthy controls (NHCs) and age- and sex-matched FTD-<em>GRN </em>patients, as well as peritoneal macrophages (pMacs) from progranulin-deficient (<em>Grn</em><sup>-/-</sup>) and B6 mice. Lysosomal function, antigen presentation and MHC-II processing and recycling were assessed, as well as cytokine release and transcription.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>We demonstrate here that ASO-mediated knockdown of GPNMB increases lysosomal burden and cytokine secretion in FTD-GRN carrier and neurologically healthy controls (NHCs) monocytes. <span>ASO-mediated knockdown of GPNMB in <em>Grn</em>-deficient macrophages decreased lysosomal pan-cathepsin activity and protein degradation. In addition, </span>ASO-mediated knockdown of GPNMB increased MHC-II surface expression, which was driven by decreased MHC-II uptake and recycling, in macrophages from <em>Grn</em>-deficient females. Finally, ASO-mediated knockdown of GPNMB dysregulated IFN<span><span><span>g</span></span>-stimulated cytokine transcription and secretion by mouse macrophages due to the absence of regulatory actions of the GPNMB extracellular fragment (ECF). </span></p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><span>Our data herein reveals that </span>GPNMB has a regulatory effect on multiple immune effector functions, including capping inflammation and immune responses in myeloid cells via secretion of its ECF. Therefore, in progranulin-deficient states, the drastic upregulation in GPNMB transcript and protein may represent a compensatory mechanism to preserve lysosomal function in myeloid cells. These novel findings indicate that targeted depletion in FTD-<em>GRN</em> would not be a rational therapeutic strategy because it is likely to dysregulate important immune cell effector functions.</p>
Interval Training, Inflammation and Immune Function
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02441205. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Spirituality, Religiosity, and Immune Functioning
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00066924. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Growth Hormone to Increase Immune Function in People With HIV
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00071240. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Efficacy of Newborn Vitamin A Supplementation in Improving Immune Function
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01583972. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Assessing Immune Function in Young Patients With Cytopenia That Did Not Respond to Treatment
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00499070. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 10. Publications: 2.
Transfusion-Induced Alterations of Pulmonary and Immune Function in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00751322. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Nutritional Supplementation and Muscle Health: A Pilot Study on Immune Function
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01935271. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) and Psychological Status and Immune Function
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04741308. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Role of Interferon-gamma 1-b (IFN-γ) on Cells of the Innate Immune System: Functional, Biochemical and Gene Expression Studies in Patients With Chronic Granulomatous Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03548818. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Effects of Iron and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cognition and Immune Function in Iron Deficient Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01092377. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Impact of Probiotic Use on Immune Cell Function in Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02687503. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 35.
FIT to Grow Old - Functionality of the Immune System and Healthy Aging
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05940337. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effects of Postoperative Pain Management on Immune Function After Laparoscopic Resection of Colorectal Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02012244. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
GEOHealth Hub: Household Air Pollution and Cardio-pulmonary and Immune Function Outcomes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02824237. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy on Clinical Outcomes and Immune Function
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01417351. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
The Effect of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cell Therapy on the Reconstitution of HIV-specific Immune Function
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03240328. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 14.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.