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303 results for “individual difference”
Dataset from 'Billino,J., Hennig, J., & Gegenfurtner K.R. (2016). Association between COMT genotype and the control of memory guided saccades: Individual differences in healthy adults reveal a detrimental role of dopamine. Vision Research. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2016.10.001'
<p>Dataset associated with the following publication:</p> <p>Billino,J., Hennig, J., & Gegenfurtner K.R. (2016). Association between COMT genotype and the control of memory guided saccades: Individual differences in healthy adults reveal a detrimental role of dopamine. Vision Research. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2016.10.001 <span><a></a></span></p> <p>--------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>The folder contains 4 data files and 1 description file providing column labels.<br> The data file 'maindata.txt' contains the complete dataset including all analyzed parameters.<br> The data file 'accuracybydelay.txt' contains accuracy data across delay conditions, providing the dataset for Figure 3A.<br> The data file 'accuracybyamplitude.txt' contains accuracy data across target amplitude conditions, providing the dataset for Figure 3B.<br> The data file 'singlesublanding.txt' contains landing positions of primary memory guided saccades from three subjects of different genotype groups, providing the dataset for Figure 3C.</p> <p>-------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>For further questions, please contact:<br> jutta.billino[at]psychol.uni-giessen.de</p>
Carnosine levels in the same individuals as measured by different modalities
<p>Carnosine is an endogenous di-peptide (b-alanine -L- histidine) involved in maintaining tissue homeostasis. It is most abundant in skeletal muscle where its concentration has been determined in biopsy samples using tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS). Carnosine levels can also be assessed in intact leg muscles by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) or in blood and urine samples using mass spectrometry. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain how carnosine levels from these distinct compartments are correlated with each other when measured in the same individual. Furthermore, it is unclear which measurement modality might be most suitable for large-scale clinical studies. Hence, in 31 healthy volunteers, we assessed carnosine levels in skeletal muscle, via 1H-MRS, and in erythrocytes and urine by MS-MS. While muscle carnosine levels were higher in males, there was no sex-associated difference in urinary or erythrocyte levels. In a linear regression model adjusted for age, sex, race, and diet, there was a positive association between erythrocyte and urinary carnosine. However, no association was observed between 1H-MRS and erythrocytes or urinary measures. In the relationship between muscle versus urinary and erythrocyte measures, females had a positive association, while males did not show any association. We also found that 1H-MRS measures were highly sensitive to location of measurement. Thus, it is uncertain whether 1H-MRS can accurately and reliably predict endogenous carnosine levels. In contrast, urinary and erythrocyte carnosine measures may be stable and in greater synchrony, and given financial and logistical concerns, may be a feasible alternative for large-scale clinical studies.</p>
Distribution. Angola, DR Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia. Description. Head-body 46:5-47-8 cm (males), 44-45-5 cm (females), tail 40-43 cm (males), 38-39 cm (females), hindfoot 8:7-9-8 cm (males), 8-9 cm (females), ear 4-7-5-4 cm (males), 5-1-5-8 cm (females); weight 1-3-2 kg. The coat color is pale ocher, with brownish or grayish tones; melanistic individuals are quite common. The throat and chest are blackish, and the ventral pelage varies from creamy white to dirty white. The stripes and spots on the body vary from different hues of brown to black. The nuchal stripes run as two parallel lines from the nape to the shoulders, where they diverge and enlarge towards the elbows; they are not so conspicuously marked as in other genet species. Below them, a pair of thinner stripes and small spots are scattered on the shoulders and sides of the neck. A third pair of thinner, parallel stripes runs down the neck between the nuchal stripes, extending to about one fourth of the mid-dorsal line, where they vanish or diverge as the first row of flank spots. The black mid-dorsal line is continuous and is flanked on each side by four rows of oblong to squared spots, and by a few small-scattered spots below. There is a dorsal erectile crest. The face has a dark mask and a pair of white sub-ocular spots. The tail has seven to nine black rings, alternating with pale rings; the intervening white spaces are pigmented with a brownish tinge on the dorsal midline. The width of the pale rings relative to the dark rings in the middle of the tail is 50-75%; the tip of the tail is dark. The hindlimbs and forelimbs are black; there are white hairs on the metacarpals and metatarsals. [he posterior parts of the feet are dark. There are two pairs of teats. The posterior chamber of the auditory bulla is not ventrally inflated and has a continuous curve line on the external side. The ratio between the inter-orbital constriction and frontal width is 1-00 + 0-12. Dental formula: 13/3, C1/1,P 4/4, M 2/2 = 40. in Viverridae
Distribution. Angola, DR Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia. Description. Head-body 46:5-47-8 cm (males), 44-45-5 cm (females), tail 40-43 cm (males), 38-39 cm (females), hindfoot 8:7-9-8 cm (males), 8-9 cm (females), ear 4-7-5-4 cm (males), 5-1-5-8 cm (females); weight 1-3-2 kg. The coat color is pale ocher, with brownish or grayish tones; melanistic individuals are quite common. The throat and chest are blackish, and the ventral pelage varies from creamy white to dirty white. The stripes and spots on the body vary from different hues of brown to black. The nuchal stripes run as two parallel lines from the nape to the shoulders, where they diverge and enlarge towards the elbows; they are not so conspicuously marked as in other genet species. Below them, a pair of thinner stripes and small spots are scattered on the shoulders and sides of the neck. A third pair of thinner, parallel stripes runs down the neck between the nuchal stripes, extending to about one fourth of the mid-dorsal line, where they vanish or diverge as the first row of flank spots. The black mid-dorsal line is continuous and is flanked on each side by four rows of oblong to squared spots, and by a few small-scattered spots below. There is a dorsal erectile crest. The face has a dark mask and a pair of white sub-ocular spots. The tail has seven to nine black rings, alternating with pale rings; the intervening white spaces are pigmented with a brownish tinge on the dorsal midline. The width of the pale rings relative to the dark rings in the middle of the tail is 50-75%; the tip of the tail is dark. The hindlimbs and forelimbs are black; there are white hairs on the metacarpals and metatarsals. [he posterior parts of the feet are dark. There are two pairs of teats. The posterior chamber of the auditory bulla is not ventrally inflated and has a continuous curve line on the external side. The ratio between the inter-orbital constriction and frontal width is 1-00 + 0-12. Dental formula: 13/3, C1/1,P 4/4, M 2/2 = 40.
FIGURE. Euphorbia guillemetii in cultivation in the National Tree Museum Gimborn, The Netherlands. A. branch showing the spines, leaves, and young brachyblasts; B, C. cyathium variation from different individuals; D. main stems. Credits: W.L.A. Hetterscheid. in Novelties in Malagasy Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae)
FIGURE. Euphorbia guillemetii in cultivation in the National Tree Museum Gimborn, The Netherlands. A. branch showing the spines, leaves, and young brachyblasts; B, C. cyathium variation from different individuals; D. main stems. Credits: W.L.A. Hetterscheid.
The landscape of fear has individual layers: an experimental test of among-individual differences in perceived predation risk during foraging
<p>Perceived predation risk varies in space and time creating a landscape of fear. This key feature of an animal's environment is classically studied as a species-specific property. However, individuals differ in how they solve the trade-off between safety and reward and may, hence, differ consistently and predictively in perceived predation risk across landscapes. To test this hypothesis, we quantified among-individual differences in boldness and activity and exposed behaviourally phenotyped male bank voles (<em>Myodes glareolus</em>) individually to two different experimental landscapes of risks in large outdoor enclosures and provided resources as discrete food patches. We manipulated perceived predation risk via vegetation height between 2 and >30 cm and quantified patch use indirectly via RFID-logging and giving-up densities. We statistically disentangled among-individual differences in microhabitat use from spatially varying perceived risk, i.e. landscape of fear. We found that individuals varied in mean vegetation height of their foraging microhabitats and that this microhabitat selection matched the intrinsic individual differences in perceived risk. As predicted by the patch use model, all individual's perceived higher risks when foraging in lower vegetation. However, individuals differed in their reaction norm slopes of perceived risk to vegetation height, and these differences in slopes were consistent across two different landscapes of risks and resources. We interpret these results as evidence for individual landscapes of fear, which could be predicted by among-individual differences in activity and boldness. Since perceived predation risk affects when and where to forage, among-individual differences in fear responses could act as a mode of intraspecific niche complementarity (i.e. individual niche specialization), help explain behavioural type by environment correlations, and will likely have cascading indirect effects on lower trophic levels.</p>
FIGURE. Drosera hirtella (a–i): a, b, c, habit of the "type morphotype"; d, habit of the "western morphotype"; e, rosette of the "type morphotype"; f, emerging inflorescence, highlighting the red scape with red eglandular trichomes characteristic of the species; g, fertile individuals of D. hirtella (left plant, with inflorescence emerging to the bottom) and D. lutescens (right plant, with inflorescence emerging to the top left) growing under shaded conditions side by side, highlighting the morphological differences between the two species regarding leaf shape and scape and indumentum color; h, i, flower. a–c, f and h at Serra do Cipó, MG; d and h at Chapada dos Veadeiros, GO; e at Diamantina, MG; g at Cristalina, GO. Photo credits: all by PMG. in A synopsis of the genus Drosera (Droseraceae) in Brazil
FIGURE. Drosera hirtella (a–i): a, b, c, habit of the "type morphotype"; d, habit of the "western morphotype"; e, rosette of the "type morphotype"; f, emerging inflorescence, highlighting the red scape with red eglandular trichomes characteristic of the species; g, fertile individuals of D. hirtella (left plant, with inflorescence emerging to the bottom) and D. lutescens (right plant, with inflorescence emerging to the top left) growing under shaded conditions side by side, highlighting the morphological differences between the two species regarding leaf shape and scape and indumentum color; h, i, flower. a–c, f and h at Serra do Cipó, MG; d and h at Chapada dos Veadeiros, GO; e at Diamantina, MG; g at Cristalina, GO. Photo credits: all by PMG.
Dataset from 'Hesse, C., Koroknai, L., & Billino, J. (2018). Individual differences in processing resources modulate bimanual interference in pointing. Psychological Research. doi: 10.1007/s00426-018-1050-3
<p>--------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>The folder contains 8 data files and 1 readme file describing the content of the data files.</p> <p>-------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>For further questions, please contact:<br> c.hesse[at]abdn.ac.uk</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Dissimilarity of individual microsatellite profiles under different mutation models: empirical approach
Microsatellites (simple sequence repeats, SSRs) still remain popular molecular markers for studying neutral genetic variation. Two alternative models outline how new microsatellite alleles evolve. Infinite alleles model (IAM) assumes that all possible alleles are equally likely to result from a mutation, while stepwise mutation model (SMM) describes microsatellite evolution as stepwise adding or subtracting single repeat units. Genetic relationships between individuals can be analyzed in higher precision when assuming the SMM scenario with allele size differences as a proxy of genetic distance. If population structure is not predetermined in advance, an empirical data analysis usually includes (a) estimating proximity between individual SSR profiles with a selected dissimilarity measure and (b) determining putative genetic structure of a given set of individuals using methods of clustering and/or ordination for the obtained dissimilarity matrix. We developed new dissimilarity indices between SSR profiles of haploid, diploid, or polyploid organisms assuming different mutation models and compared the performance of these indices for determining genetic structure with population data and with simulations. More specifically, we compared SMM with a constant or variable mutation rate at different SSR loci to IAM using data from natural populations of a freshwater bryozoan Cristatella mucedo (diploid), wheat leaf rust Puccinia triticina (dikaryon), and wheat powdery mildew Blumeria graminis (monokaryon). We show that inferences about population genetic structure are sensitive to the assumed mutation model. With simulations, we found that Bruvo's distance performs generally poorly, while the new metrics are capturing the differences in the genetic structure of the populations.
Text-fig. 8. Wear stages and height (h) of cheek teeth of Sayimys giganteus from Keseköy. Height in mm of the entoconid (arrow) in lower cheek teeth and paracone (arrow) in upper cheek teeth. Shown are the high value and a low value for each wear stage. Note that h of the different wear stages may show large overlaps, in particular in those of worn teeth. This is due to the often-irregular occlusal surfaces of older individuals. in An Exceptional Large Sample Of The Early Miocene Ctenodactyline Rodent Sayimys Giganteus, Specific Variation And Taxonomic Implications
Text-fig. 8. Wear stages and height (h) of cheek teeth of Sayimys giganteus from Keseköy. Height in mm of the entoconid (arrow) in lower cheek teeth and paracone (arrow) in upper cheek teeth. Shown are the high value and a low value for each wear stage. Note that h of the different wear stages may show large overlaps, in particular in those of worn teeth. This is due to the often-irregular occlusal surfaces of older individuals.
Cations make a difference: Soil nutrient patches and fine-scale root abundance of individual species in a mountain grassland
<p><span>1. Root densities in the field vary at the centimetre scale, but we have no information </span><span>on </span><span>whether this variation is linked to variation in nutrient concentrations and availability. Roots of many species are able to proliferate in nutrient-rich patches in controlled conditions in culture, but because data on nutrient concentrations and, in particular, on their temporal stability in the field are scarce, we do not know to what extent root distribution in the soil bears traces of such a response.</span></p> <p><span>2. Here</span><span>,</span><span> we linked </span><span>centimetre</span><span>-scale measurements of soil nutrient concentrations over a period of 6 weeks with estimation of root biomass and its species composition at the same points to determine whether there is any association between the two. In addition to phosphorus, nitrate and ammonium, we determined</span><span> the</span><span> concentrations of metal cations (magnesium, calcium and potassium). We used qPCR to determine</span><span> the</span><span> quantities of individual species in the root biomass samples.</span></p> <p><span>3. We found that calcium and magnesium (and to a lesser degree phosphorus and potassium) showed fine-scale patchiness that was stable over the duration of the study (6 weeks) and </span><span>was</span><span> consistent over all these elements. Nutrient patches were associated with high root biomass and </span><span>the </span><span>occurrence of roots of several species. Such patches are formed primarily by elements with known low mobility in soil (cations, phosphorus). In contrast, nitrogen ions showed overwhelmingly high temporal variation with no relationship between root density and nitrogen concentration.</span></p> <p><span>4. Soil nutrient concentrations thus constitute a multidimensional signal. Some elements strongly </span><span>vary</span><span> in time, while some are much more stable and thus form stable patches that permit root response over periods of weeks or months. Among them, calcium and magnesium play an important role in forming soil heterogeneity at a scale comparable to the scale at which fine root densities also vary. As these cations affect a number of plant functions, their association with higher root densities confirms their role in growth dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems.</span></p>
FIGURE 6. Styloperla spinicercia, male cercus from different individuals. A–B in The intraspecific morphological variability of Styloperla Wu, 1935 (Plecoptera: Styloperlidae)
FIGURE 6. Styloperla spinicercia, male cercus from different individuals. A–B: male from Guizhou (Mount Fanjing), the left long process with double subapical spines; C–D: male from Guangxi (Jinxiu), process on basal cercal segment is completely asymmetrical.
, phillipsi holotype. the M of of Measurements Measurements. . n purposes size sample comparative and , range for , SD shown ± 0 are as presented Lanka Sri and Measurements India in authors . occurring Lanka different Sri, Idulgashinna Miniopterus of of assortment from species an . by nov other. sp and specimens phillipsi species other . M new the of ) the while mm of (, TK measurements individuals by taken other were Cranial and types . 4. ABLE paratypes nov. T sp in DNA barcoding and morphological analyses reveal a cryptic species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka
, phillipsi holotype. the M of of Measurements Measurements. . n purposes size sample comparative and , range for , SD shown ± 0 are as presented Lanka Sri and Measurements India in authors . occurring Lanka different Sri, Idulgashinna Miniopterus of of assortment from species an . by nov other. sp and specimens phillipsi species other . M new the of ) the while mm of (, TK measurements individuals by taken other were Cranial and types . 4. ABLE paratypes nov. T sp
thus and genetic % 1 than less indicates Green . ) kb 15 . ca ( Ixodes of ) individuals 40 ( species bold 34 in of are genomes study present mitochondrial the in entire sequenced the Species among. differences reference for genetic, species ) % ( same Pairwise the. 3 from FIGURE sequences in A new subgenus, Australixodes n. subgen. (Acari: Ixodidae), for the kiwi tick, Ixodes anatis Chilton, 1904, and validation of the subgenus Coxixodes Schulze, 1941 with a phylogeny of 16 of the 22 subgenera of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 from entire mitochondrial genome sequences
thus and genetic % 1 than less indicates Green . ) kb 15 . ca ( Ixodes of ) individuals 40 ( species bold 34 in of are genomes study present mitochondrial the in entire sequenced the Species among. differences reference for genetic, species ) % ( same Pairwise the. 3 from FIGURE sequences
Bioavailability of Compounds From Different Bean Varieties in Healthy Individuals.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02342340. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Different Squat Exercises in Healthy Individuals
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06843785. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Individual Differences in the Response to Drugs
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02485158. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
Effects of Different Electrophysical Agents in Hamstring Muscles Flexibility of Healthy Individuals
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04328155. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Effect of Different Weight Vests on Body Weight in Obese Individuals
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03672903. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Comparison of the Effects of Different Treatment Modalities in Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05893017. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Acute Effects of Strength Training and High Intensity Training on Functional and Biochemical Measurements of Individuals With Parkinson's Disease in Different Environments and Depths
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04863118. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.