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102 results for “insect pests”
Figure 2 in The bat Tonatia bidens (Phyllostomidae) as an insect pest predator in the Brazilian Caatinga
Figure 2: Abundance of remains of different coleopteran taxa sampled under feeding perches of the bat Tonatia bidens, in the Brazilian Caatinga. Data collected in September and October 2016, March and August 2017, and May and November 2022. Coleopteran silhouettes were used under CC0 1.0 license (www.phylopic.org).
Species complex diversification by host plant use in an herbivorous insect: The source of Puerto Rican cactus mealybug pest and implications for biological control
Cryptic taxa have often been observed in the form of host‐associated species that diverged as the result of adaptation to alternate host plants. Untangling cryptic diversity in species complexes that encompass invasive species is a mandatory task for pest management. Moreover, investigating the evolutionary history of a species complex may help to understand the drivers of their diversification. The mealybug Hypogeococcus pungens was believed to be a polyphagous species from South America and has been reported as a pest devastating native cacti in Puerto Rico, also threatening cactus diversity in the Caribbean and North America. There is neither certainty about the identity of the pest, nor the source population from South America. Recent studies pointed to substantial genetic differentiation among local populations, suggesting that H. pungens is a species complex. In this study, we used a combination of genome-wide SNPs and mtDNA variation to investigate species diversity within H. pungens sensu lato to establish host plant ranges of each one of the putative members of the complex, to evaluate whether the pattern of host plant association drove diversification in the species complex, and to determine the source population of the Puerto Rican cactus pest. Our results suggested that H. pungens comprises at least five different species, each one strongly associated with specific host plants. We also established that the Puerto Rican cactus pest derives from southeastern Brazilian mealybugs. This is an important achievement because it will help to design reliable strategies for biological control using natural enemies of the pest from its native range.
Supplementary material 2 from: Brockerhoff EG, Gresham BA, Meurisse N, Nahrung HF, Perret-Gentil A, Pugh AR, Sopow SL, Turner RM (2023) Pining away and at home: global utilisation of Pinus radiata by native and non-native insects. In: Jactel H, Orazio C, Robinet C, Douma JC, Santini A, Battisti A, Branco M, Seehausen L, Kenis M (Eds) Conceptual and technical innovations to better manage invasions of alien pests and pathogens in forests. NeoBiota 84: 137-167. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.84.95864
Statistics for Table 2. Statistical tests of proportions out of all species among feeding types for impacts, establishments and interceptions.
Supplementary material 3 from: Brockerhoff EG, Gresham BA, Meurisse N, Nahrung HF, Perret-Gentil A, Pugh AR, Sopow SL, Turner RM (2023) Pining away and at home: global utilisation of Pinus radiata by native and non-native insects. In: Jactel H, Orazio C, Robinet C, Douma JC, Santini A, Battisti A, Branco M, Seehausen L, Kenis M (Eds) Conceptual and technical innovations to better manage invasions of alien pests and pathogens in forests. NeoBiota 84: 137-167. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.84.95864
Numbers (and percentages) of species by impact class, and whether or not they have been intercepted (based on the international interceptions dataset covering the period 1995–2021) or established in a region outside their native range.
Supplementary material 4 from: Brockerhoff EG, Gresham BA, Meurisse N, Nahrung HF, Perret-Gentil A, Pugh AR, Sopow SL, Turner RM (2023) Pining away and at home: global utilisation of Pinus radiata by native and non-native insects. In: Jactel H, Orazio C, Robinet C, Douma JC, Santini A, Battisti A, Branco M, Seehausen L, Kenis M (Eds) Conceptual and technical innovations to better manage invasions of alien pests and pathogens in forests. NeoBiota 84: 137-167. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.84.95864
Percentages of species native to a region in each feeding guild, regardless of impact. Those in the "Native country: other" category are species native to other regions but not to Australia or New Zealand.
FIGURE 8 in Morphological and molecular profiling of an entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae: Unlocking its biocontrol potential against vegetable insect pests
FIGURE 8. Median lethal time (LT50) of Steinernema feltiae in the larvae of different insect pests at different time intervals and at different nematode concentrations, respectively.
FIGURE 6 in Morphological and molecular profiling of an entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae: Unlocking its biocontrol potential against vegetable insect pests
FIGURE 6. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree between Steinernema feltiae and other species of Steinernema in the Feltiae-group based on nucleotide sequences of the D2–D3 expansion segments of large subunit (28S) of rRNA flanked by primers D2F and 536. Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap values based on 100 replications. Bars represent average nucleotide substitutions per sequence position. NCBI accession numbers of the nucleotide sequences used for the analyses are shown next to the species names. The scale bar shows the number of substitutions per site.
FIGURE 4 in Morphological and molecular profiling of an entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae: Unlocking its biocontrol potential against vegetable insect pests
FIGURE 4. Steinernema feltiae (light microscopy). A–C: First-generation female; A: Neck region (arrow pointing excretory pore); B: Vulva region; C: Posterior end (arrow pointing mucron). D,E: First-generation male; D: Neck region (arrow pointing excretory pore); E: Posterior end showing spicules and gubernaculum (arrow pointing mucron). F,G: Second-generation male; F: Neck region (arrow pointing excretory pore); G: Posterior end showing spicules and gubernaculum (arrow pointing mucron). H–J: Second-generation female; H: Neck region (arrow pointing excretory pore); I: Vulva region; J: Posterior end (arrow pointing mucron).
FIGURE 2 in Morphological and molecular profiling of an entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae: Unlocking its biocontrol potential against vegetable insect pests
FIGURE 2. Steinernema feltiae (line). A–D: First-generation female; A: Neck region; B: Posterior end; C: Vulva region; D: Whole female. E,G–K: Second-generation female; E: Whole female; G: Neck region; H–J: Posterior region showing variation in tail region; K: Vulva region. F: Whole infective juvenile.
FIGURE 3 in Morphological and molecular profiling of an entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae: Unlocking its biocontrol potential against vegetable insect pests
FIGURE 3. Steinernema feltiae (line). A–C: First-generation male; A: Whole male; B–C: Posterior region showing variations in spicule morphology. D,E: Second-generation male; D: Whole male; E: Posterior region.
FIGURE 7 in Morphological and molecular profiling of an entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae: Unlocking its biocontrol potential against vegetable insect pests
FIGURE 7. Median lethal concentration (LC50) of Steinernema feltiae in the larvae of different insect pests at different time intervals and at different nematode concentrations, respectively.
Data from: Going undercover: increasing canopy cover around a host tree drives associational resistance to an insect pest
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Species complex diversification by host plant use in an herbivorous insect: The source of Puerto Rican cactus mealybug pest and implications for biological control
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Data from: Increase in crop losses to insect pests in a warming climate
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Data from: Genome-wide transcriptional signatures of migratory flight activity in a globally invasive insect pest
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Data from: Limited emigration from an outbreak of a forest pest insect
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Data from: Natural vegetation benefits synergistic control of the three main insect and pathogen pests of fruit crop in southern Africa
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Data from: Landscape-dependent effects of varietal mixtures on insect pest control and implications for farmer profits
<p>Intraspecific plant diversity can significantly impact insect herbivore populations in natural systems. Yet, its role as an insect pest control strategy in agriculture has received less attention, and little is known about which crop traits are important to herbivores in different landscape contexts. Moreover, empirical economic analyses on the cost-effectiveness of varietal mixtures is lacking. We used varietal mixtures of Brassica oleracea crops on working farms to examine how two metrics of intraspecific crop diversity—varietal richness and number of plant colors (color richness)—affect crop damage and the incidence and abundance of two insect pest species, Pieris rapae and Phyllotreta spp. We evaluated the context-dependency of varietal mixtures by sampling early and late season plantings of B. oleracea crops in farms across a gradient of landscape composition. We developed crop budgets and used a net present value analysis to assess the impact of varietal mixtures on input and labor costs, crop revenues, and profit. We found context-dependent effects of varietal mixtures on both pests. In early season plantings, color richness did not affect Phyllotreta spp. populations. However, increasing varietal richness reduced Phyllotreta spp. incidence in simple landscapes dominated by cropland, but this trend was reversed in complex landscapes dominated by natural habitats. In late season plantings, color richness reduced the incidence and abundance of P. rapae larvae, but only in complex landscapes where their populations were highest. Varietal richness had the same effect on P. rapae larvae as color richness. Unexpectedly, we consistently found lower pest pressure and reduced crop damage in simple landscapes. Although varietal mixtures did not affect crop damage, increasing color richness corresponded with increased profits, due to increased revenue and a marginal reduction in labor and input costs. We demonstrate varietal mixtures can significantly impact pest populations, and this effect can be mediated by intraspecific variation in crop color. However, the strength and direction of these effects vary by season, landscape composition, and pest species. The association between varietal color richness and profitability indicates farmers could design mixtures to enhance economic returns. We recommend additional research on the benefits of intraspecific trait variation for farmers.</p>
Data from: Predation of potential insect pests in oil palm plantations, rubber tree plantations and fruit orchards
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In human-modified landscapes, important ecological functions such as predation are negatively affected by anthropogenic activities, including the use of pesticides and habitat degradation. Predation of insect pests is an indicator of healthy ecosystem functioning, which provides important ecosystem services, especially for agricultural systems. In this study, we compare predation attempts from arthropods, mammals, and birds on artificial caterpillars in the understory, between three tropical agricultural land-use types: oil palm plantations, rubber tree plantations, and fruit orchards. We collected a range of local and landscape-scale data including: undergrowth vegetation structure; elevation; proximity to forest; and canopy cover in order to understand how environmental variables can affect predation. In all three land-use types, our results showed that arthropods and mammals were important predators of artificial caterpillars and there was little predation by birds. We did not find any effect of the environmental variables on predation. There was an interactive effect between land-use type and predator type. Predation by mammals was considerably higher in fruit orchards and rubber tree than in oil palm plantations, likely due to their ability to support higher abundances of insectivorous mammals. In order to maintain or enhance natural pest-control in these common tropical agricultural land-use types, management practices that benefit insectivorous animals should be introduced, such as the reduction of pesticides, improvement of understory vegetation and local and landscape heterogeneity.</p>
Targeting the potassium ion channel genes SK and SH as a novel approach for control of insect pests: efficacy and biosafety
<p>Numerical data that underlies tables, graphs and statistics of the Pest Management Science article from Alshukri et al., 2019: "Targeting the potassium ion channel genes SK and SH as a novel approach for control of insect pests: efficacy and biosafety".</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.