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300 results for “land change”
Conservation of woody species in China under future climate and land-cover changes
<ol> <li>Climate and land-cover changes are major threats to biodiversity, and their impacts are expected to intensify in the future. Protected areas (PAs) are crucial for biodiversity conservation. However, their effectiveness under future climate and land-cover changes remains to be evaluated. Moreover, the impacts of climate and land-cover changes on multi-dimensions of biodiversity are rarely considered when expanding PAs.</li> <li>Using distributions of 8732 woody species in China and species distribution models, we identified species that will be threatened by future climate and land-cover changes (i.e. species with significant projected loss of suitable habitats by the 2070s) under different dispersal scenarios. We then estimated the geographical patterns in species richness (SR) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) of these threatened species, evaluated the effectiveness (i.e. the changes in SR and PD) of Chinese PAs, and identified conservation priorities for future PA expansion.</li> <li>Approximately 12-38% of woody species will be threatened under different scenarios. These species tend to be clustered in the tree of life, and their SR and PD show consistent spatial patterns, being highest at low latitudes. PAs currently protect 90% of these threatened species. However, their SR and PD of threatened species within PAs will decrease by 30-40% by the 2070s, which reduces the PA effectiveness, especially for PAs at low elevations and those with low topographic heterogeneity and high natural vegetation loss.</li> <li>The conservation priorities identified from the SR and PD of the threatened species are mainly in mountains in southern China, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and Taiwan Island. PA expansion and ecological corridors in these regions are needed to conserve these threatened species.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis and applications.</i> We present a systematic study of the impacts of future climate and land-cover changes on the conservation status of woody species and PA effectiveness in China. Our results suggest that future climate and land-cover changes will reduce PA effectiveness, and the spatial prioritization of biodiversity conservation should consider the influences of future global changes on biodiversity. These results shed new light on the conservation priorities for the post-2020 expansion of PAs in China.</li> </ol>
Influence of land use changes on landscape connectivity for North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis)
<p><span>North China leopard (<em>Panthera pardus japonensis</em></span><span>), is the most wid</span><span>espread subspecies of leopard and one of the rare and endangered species in China. It is currently confined to several isolated natural reserves, and little is known about its habitat network connectivity with land use changes. This study was conducted to assess the impacts of land use changes on landscape connectivity for North China leopards in the Great Taihang Region. Circuit theory-based connectivity models and least-cost path analyses were used to delineate pathways suitable for species movement, and evaluate the impacts of land use changes on landscape connectivity. The results revealed that there were 37 least-cost paths in 1990 and 38 in 2020. The area of forest land increased from 57142.74 km<sup>2</sup> to 74836.64 km<sup>2</sup>, with the percentage increasing from 26.61% to 34.85%. In general, the increase of forest land area promoted landscape connectivity for North China leopards at broad spatial scales. The improvement of landscape connectivity was not always consistent with the land use changes, and there was a slightly decreasing trend in connectivity in some key movement barrier areas </span><span>with high-intensity of human activities</span><span>. Improving landscape connectivity at broad spatial scales is as important as protecting the habitats (natural reserves) where the species lives. Our study can serve as an example of exploring the relationships between land use changes and landscape connectivity for species conservation at broad spatial scales with limited movement pattern data. This information is proved to be critical for enhancing landscape connectivity for the conservation concerns of North China leopard and planning of natural reserves network.</span></p>
Deep Geo Stat WP3 Land Use Change Detection Dataset
<p>This dataset is created as part of work package WP3 of the Deep Geo Stat project, as part of the ESS topic B5674-2020-GEOS (project 101033951: 2020-NL-GEOS-DEEP-GEO-STAT). The objective was to research whether a Siamese Convolutional Neural Network (SCNN) could be used to automatically detect changes in land use.</p> <p>At Statistics Netherlands, every few years, the so-called "Bestand Bodemgebruik" (BBG) is created, which is a file containing information about the land use of the Netherlands for a given year. The country is split up into many polygons, whereby each polygon is labelled with the most common type of land use for that specific area. Creating the BBG is a time-consuming process and the assumption is that it can be speed up if we can automatically detect the changes in land use. During the research, SCCNs were created to decide the changes in land use for three classes. The SCCN models were then applied to the whole of The Netherlands. The results were then converted to GIS files.</p> <p>This dataset contains the GIS files for the classes 34 (building sites), 51 (other agricultural), and 60 (forest). These files can be loaded in QGIS, for example. Each polygon contains the prediction as it rolls out of the model to which we add the label (0: changed, 1: unchanged). Predictions are made on polygons that belonged to the specific class in 2017 and the new label is the prediction for 2018 and 2020.</p>
Vulnerability of estuarine systems in the contiguous United States to water quality change under future climate and land-use
<p>Changes in climate and land-use and land-cover (LULC) are expected to influence surface water runoff and nutrient characteristics of estuarine watersheds, but the extent to which estuaries are vulnerable to altered nutrient loading under future conditions is poorly understood. The present work aims to address this gap through the development of a new vulnerability assessment framework that accounts for (1) estuarine exposure to projected changes in total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads as a function of LULC and climate change under several scenarios to altered nutrient loads, (2) sensitivity (i.e., how responsive estuaries are to altered nutrient loads), and (3) adaptive capacity (i.e., how the socio-ecological system can use existing resources to reduce the impacts associated with increased exposure). The framework was applied to 112 estuaries and their contributing watersheds across the contiguous U.S., specifically to look at regional variability in estuarine vulnerability to nutrient loading. Study findings revealed that the largest increases in estuarine nutrient loads are expected in the North and South Atlantic regions and eastern Gulf of Mexico, while the lowest increase is expected in the North and South Pacific regions and the western Gulf of Mexico. However, the North Atlantic and the South Pacific had the highest adaptive capacity, which could potentially counteract the effects of LULC and climate change on nutrient loads. Our findings illustrate the benefits of integrating natural and socio-ecological factors to identify opportunities to develop adaptation plans and policies to mitigate ecological degradation in vitally important estuaries. A<a href="https://lisemontefiore.shinyapps.io/estuarine_vulnerability/"> web-based application</a> has been developed to visualize and download the data.</p>
Concordant and opposing effects of climate and land-use change on avian assemblages in California's most transformed landscapes
<p>Climate and land-use change could exhibit concordant effects that favor or disfavor the same species, which would amplify their impacts, or species may respond to each threat in a divergent manner, causing opposing effects that moderate their impacts in isolation. We used early 20th-century surveys of birds conducted by Joseph Grinnell paired with modern resurveys and land-use change reconstructed from historic maps to examine avian change in Los Angeles and California's Central Valley (and their surrounding foothills). Occupancy and species richness declined greatly in Los Angeles from urbanization, strong warming (+1.8°C) and drying (-77.2 mm), but remained stable in the Central Valley, despite large-scale agricultural development, average warming (+0.9°C), and increased precipitation (+11.2 mm). While climate was the main driver of species distributions a century ago, the combined impacts of land-use and climate change drove temporal changes in occupancy, with similar numbers of species experiencing concordant and opposing effects.</p>
Data for: The effect of land-use change on soil C, N, P, and their stoichiometries: A global synthesis
<p><strong><em>Data description</em></strong></p> <p>This dataset includes detailed information about five different types of land use change reported in “The effect of land-use change on soil C, N, P, and their stoichiometries: A global synthesis (Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108402)">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108402)</a>”. </p> <p> </p> <p>Lists of five different types of land use change</p> <p>1) conversion of primary forest to cropland</p> <p>2) conversion of primary forest to grassland</p> <p>3) conversion of cropland to forest</p> <p>4) conversion of grassland to forest</p> <p>5) conversion of grassland to cropland</p> <p> </p> <p>Lists of detailed information</p> <ul> <li>Land use change (pre-LUC, post-LUC)</li> <li>Country, Location, Geographic position (Longitude, Latitude) </li> <li>Altitude (m)</li> <li>Climate zone</li> <li>Weather [rainfall (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>) and temperature (°C)]</li> <li>Reported time of change (years)</li> <li>Vegetation type (pre-LUC, post-LUC)</li> <li>Fertilizer (pre-LUC, post-LUC: type, application; change)</li> <li>Soil sampling depth (cm)</li> <li>Soil type [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Soil pH, bulk density, CEC [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Soil organic carbon [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Soil total nitrogen [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Soil total phosphorus [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Soil C:N [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Soil C:P [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Soil N:P [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Reference</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><em><strong>Data collection method</strong></em></p> <p>We analyzed five different types of LUC: 1) conversion of primary forest to cropland, 2) conversion of primary forest to grassland, 3) conversion of cropland to forest, 4) conversion of grassland to forest, and 5) conversion of grassland to cropland.</p> <p>We classified primary forest as forest that had not previously been cleared and used for other land uses. The conversion of cropland or grassland to forest includes naturally generated and intentionally planted forest. Cropland is land used for growing agricultural crops and may include short pasture phases, and grassland is land used continuously for grazing purposes, but may include occasional and repeated pasture-renewal phases.</p> <p>While we tried to make categorical distinctions between these land-use types, land uses are often more fluid in practice, which may not always have been stated in the publications underlying our data compilation.</p> <p>When a paper reported both contents and stocks, we used the stock-based measure. We used reported stocks if the original work had already been corrected to equivalent soil mass (Ellert and Bettany, 1995) or if corrected stocks had been reported in previous reviews or meta-analyses (Don et al., 2011; Poeplau et al., 2011; Guo and Gifford, 2002). Where bulk-density correction had not been applied, we tried to make those corrections to estimate changes to equivalent soil mass if studies provided sufficient information on soil bulk density and depth, using the method of Zhang et al. (2004). If that was not possible, we used the reported SOC, TN, or TP contents.</p> <p> </p> <p><em><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></em></p> <p>We thank scientists who measured, analyzed, and published the data compiled for this study. We are especially grateful to Drs. Axel Don, Christopher Poeplau, Lex Bouwman, and Gaihe Yang, who provided their global meta-data through personal communication. D.-G.K. acknowledges support from the IAEA CRP D15020. M.U.F.K and L.L.L. were supported by the Strategic Science Investment Fund (SSIF) of New Zealand’s Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.</p>
Datasets for Quantifying the impact of land use and land cover change on moisture recycling with convection-permitting WRF-tagging modeling in the agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China
<p>These datasets are the processed and refined data that support and lead to the described results and allow other readers to assess the conclusions in the paper, entitled “<strong>Quantifying the impact of land use and land cover change on moisture recycling with convection-permitting WRF-tagging modeling in the agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China </strong> ”.</p>
Land Water Transition Zone Change Detection - Hydroperiod Maps - WQeMS raster products
<p>Within this dataset, Hydroperiod maps of the Polyphytos open surface water reservoir in Greece and Giaretta reservoir in Italy are available in GeoTIFF raster format. The maps provide information about the total number of days each pixel is inundated within a specific time period.They were generated by the Land Water Transition Zone Change Detection service of the WQeMS project. Each raster file in the dataset is named according to the water body and period during which the processing was performed. Copernicus Sentinel-2 data was utilized for the generation of the inundation maps which were provided as input for the production of the hydroperiod maps.</p>
Land Water Transition Zone Change Detection - Transition Maps between two dates - WQeMS raster products
<p>Within this dataset, land water transition zone maps, which indicate the land-water transition between two instances in time, of the Polyphytos open surface water reservoir in Greece and Giaretta reservoir in Italy, are available in GeoTIFF raster format. The maps depict the transition zones by indicating the change of the pixel status from non-inundated to inundated and vice versa between two provided dates. They were generated by the Land Water Transition Zone Change Detection service of the WQeMS project. Each raster file in the dataset is named according to the water body and the two dates during which the processing was performed. Copernicus Sentinel-2 data was utilized for the generation of the inundation maps on the two dates.</p>
Data from: River interlinking alters land-atmosphere feedback and changes the Indian summer monsoon.
<p>The dataset contains post-processed output from two experiments performed for Indian Summer Monsoon (June-September) from 1991-2012 using WRF-CLM4: CTL and IRR. Here, CTL represents WRF-CLM4 simulation with irrigation currently practiced in India. We use a modified irrigation module in CLM4 that better represents the Indian practices of irrigation by incorporating groundwater withdrawal and flood irrigation practiced over paddy fields. The module can be found at <a href="https://github.com/IMMM-SFA/WRF_CLM4_Irrigation">https://github.com/IMMM-SFA/WRF_CLM4_Irrigation</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083875">https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083875</a>. IRR simulation adds additional irrigation to CTL by increasing the percentage of irrigated area to 80% in regions where India's river-interlinking projects target an increase in the culturable command area.</p> <p>The post-processed output contains the following variables:</p> <ol> <li>Mean Daily Temperature</li> <li>Daily Maximum Temperature</li> <li>Latent Heat Flux</li> <li>Sensible Heat Flux</li> <li>Relative Humidity</li> <li>U-Wind at Pressure levels</li> <li>V-Wind at Pressure levels</li> <li>Net-Solar Radiation on Land</li> <li>Soil Moisture</li> </ol> <p>Irrigation input files for CTL and IRR simulations of WRF-CLM4 are also included.</p>
FUTURES land change forecasts in response to flooding in Charleston area, South Carolina (2019-2050)
<p>Climate-aware scenarios of FUTURES land change projections in Charleston area (Cherleston, Dorchester, Berkeley) for 2019-2050.</p> <p>Zipped folder <code>results</code> contains FUTURES v3 simulation runs for 3 counties in South Carolina, USA (Charleston, Berkeley, Dorchester) from 2019 to 2050. Included are five <em>climate-aware</em> scenarios (reactive, managed retreat, resist, polarized population, trapped population) and one scenario which does not take future climate conditions into account (<em>dynamic development</em>). Each folder contains 50 monte-carlo simulation results with <code>developed_seed_X.tif</code> and <code>adapted_seed_X.tif</code> where <code>X</code> goes from 1 to 50. Values of <code>developed_seed_X.tif</code> range from -31 to 31, where the positive values represent simulation step when an undeveloped pixel was developed and the negative values represent simulation step when a developed pixel was abandoned. Zero stands for initial development. For example, value -11 means the particular pixel was abandoned in 2030. Note that values of raster files in <code>Dynamic development</code> folder range from -1 to 31, where -1 means undeveloped and the rest is the same as above. Values of <code>adapted_seed_X.tif</code> range from 0 to 100, where 0 means trapped (flooded but no adaptation), the other values represent return period for which the pixel is adapted (e.g. 2-, 5-, 10-, 20-, 50- and 100-year flood). The files' CRS is Albers Conic Equal Area, NAD83(2011) datum.</p> <p>Additionally, we include <code>migration_matrix.csv</code> derived from IRS data, that contains probability values of moving from an origin county in the case study (row) to any other counties (columns).</p>
Data and code from: Breakdown in seasonal dynamics of subtropical ant communities with land-cover change
<p><span>Concerns about widespread human-induced declines in insect populations are mounting, yet little is known about how land-use change modifies the dynamics of insect communities, particularly in understudied regions. Here, we examine how the seasonal activity patterns of ants—key drivers of terrestrial ecosystem functioning—vary with anthropogenic land-cover change on a subtropical island landscape, and whether differences in temperature or species composition can explain observed patterns. Using trap captures sampled biweekly over two years from a biodiversity monitoring network covering Okinawa Island, Japan, we processed 1.2 million individuals and reconstructed activity patterns within and across habitat types. Forest communities exhibited greater temporal variability of activity than those in more developed areas. Using time-series decomposition to deconstruct this pattern, we found that sites with greater human development exhibited ant communities with diminished seasonality, reduced synchrony, and higher stochasticity compared to sites with greater forest cover. Our results cannot be explained by variation in regional or site temperature patterns, or by differences in species richness or composition among sites. Our study raises the possibility that disruptions to natural seasonal patterns of functionally key insect communities may comprise an important and underappreciated consequence of global environmental change that must be better understood across Earth's biomes.</span></p>
Data for: Land use change and coastal water darkening drive synchronous dynamics in phytoplankton and fish phenology on centennial time scales
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Data from: Evapotranspiration is resilient in the face of land cover and climate change in a humid temperate catchment
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Land use change converts temperate dryland landscape into a net methane source
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A global synthesis on land-cover changes in watersheds shaping freshwater detrital food webs
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Vulnerability of estuarine systems in the contiguous United States to water quality change under future climate and land-use
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Influence of land use changes on landscape connectivity for North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis)
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Differential impacts of land use change on multiple components of common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) pollination success
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Conservation of woody species in China under future climate and land-cover changes
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.