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199 results for “life-history traits”
Many roads to success: Different combinations of life-history traits provide accurate germination timing in seasonally dry environments
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Data from: Life-history traits of Tubastraea coccinea: reproduction, development, and larval competence
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Morphological and life-history traits of birds from the Piedmont and Flooded Savannas of the Colombian Llanos
We compiled data for 13 morphological and life-history traits of 364 species reported in Colombian Llanos. The dataset includes morphological and life-history traits that could influence birds’ responses to land-use change based on a literature review. Life-history traits were compiled from scientific literature, while morphological traits were measured on specimens collected in the Colombian Llanos region and preserved in main Colombia’s biological collections.
Traits and depth: what do hydroids tell us about morphology and life-history strategies in the deep sea?
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Aim:</b> Traits affect the survival and reproduction of individuals in different habitat conditions, ultimately altering their distributions. In the oceans, changes in environmental conditions with bathymetry may influence the occurrence of specific traits. Therefore, characterizing trait variation with depth can illuminate drivers related to the distribution of diversity of forms, functions, and life histories. We aimed to investigate patterns of variation in the diversified life histories and morphologies of hydroids with depth, integrating these patterns with the natural history of the group and ecological principles of the deep sea.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Location:</b> Atlantic Ocean and adjacent polar seas, from 50 m to 5,330 m deep.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Time period:</b> Present day.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Major taxa studied:</b> Hydrozoa.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Methods: </b>Analyses were based on 14 traits collected for a total of 4,668 specimens of hydroids, belonging to 438 species. Records were divided into 12 depth strata for comparisons. We evaluated: how each trait varies with depth; whether variation in some traits is affected by the presence of other traits; how traits covary; and similarities in trait compositions among depth strata.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Results:</b> Traits of hydroids vary with depth, with more pronounced differences for regions deeper than 1,000 m. Hydroids are generally smaller, infertile, solitary, meroplanktonic, and devoid of protective structures with increasing depth. The relationship, however, is not always linear. Also, some covariation and correlation between traits was evident. For example, depth may affect size differently according to the presence of specific traits such as structures protecting against predation. The lower proportion of fertile specimens recorded in the deep sea suggests that chances for genetic recombination are reduced in deep-sea populations, ultimately leading to a slower rate of evolution.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Main conclusions: </b>We identified novel trends in hydroid trait variation with depth by combining observations on morphology, ecology, and life history, clarifying selection pressures on hydroids in the deep sea.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Linking life-history traits, ecology and niche breadth evolution in North American eriogonoids (Polygonaceae)
Macroevolutionary and microevolutionary studies provide complementary explanations of the processes shaping the evolution of niche breadth. Macroevolutionary approaches scrutinize factors such as the temporal and spatial environmental heterogeneities that drive differentiation among species. Microevolutionary studies, in contrast, focus on the processes that affect intraspecific variability. We combine these perspectives by using macroevolutionary models in a comparative study of intraspecific variability. We address potential differences in rates of evolution of niche breadth and position in annual and perennial plants of the Eriogonoideae subfamily of the Polygonaceae. We anticipated higher rates of evolution in annuals than in perennials owing to differences in generation time that are paralleled by rates of molecular evolution. Instead, we find that perennial eriogonoid species present greater environmental tolerance (wider climate niche) than annual species. Niche breadth of perennial species has evolved two to four times faster than in annuals, while niche optimum has diversified more rapidly among annual species than among perennials. Niche breadth and average elevation of species are correlated. Moreover, niche breadth increases more rapidly with mean species elevation in perennials than in annuals. Our results suggest that both environmental gradients and life history strategy influence rates and patterns of niche breadth evolution.
Data from: Appearance before performance? Nutritional constraints on life-history traits, but not warning signal expression in aposematic moths
1. Trade-offs have been shown to play an important role in the divergence of mating strategies and sexual ornamentation, but their importance in explaining warning signal diversity has received less attention. In aposematic organisms, allocation costs of producing the conspicuous warning signal pigmentation under nutritional stress could potentially trade-off with life-history traits and maintain variation in warning colouration. 2. We studied this with an aposematic herbivore Arctia plantaginis (Arctiidae), whose larvae and adults show extensive variation in aposematic colouration. In larvae, less melanic colouration (i.e. larger orange patterns) produces a more efficient warning signal against predators, whereas high amounts of melanism (smaller orange pattern) enhance thermoregulation, correlate with better immunity and make individuals harder to detect for naïve predators. 3. We conducted a factorial rearing experiment with larvae originating from lines selected for either small or large orange signal size, which were reared on an artificial diet that had either low or high protein content. Protein content of the diet is critical for melanin production. We measured the effects of diet on individual colouration, life-history traits, immune defence and reproductive output. We also compared the responses to dietary conditions between the small and large larval signal genotypes. 4. Protein content of the diet did not affect warning colouration in the larval stage, but larval signal sizes differed significantly among selection lines, confirming that its variation is mainly genetically determined. In adults, signal line or diet did not affect colouration in hindwings, but males' forewings had more melanin on the high than on low protein diet. Contrary to colouration, diet quality had a stronger impact on life-history traits: individuals developed for longer, had smaller hindwing sizes in females and lower immune defence on the low protein content diet compared to the high. These costs were higher for more melanic larval signal genotypes in terms of development time and female hindwing size. 5. We conclude that low plasticity in warning signal characteristics makes signal expression robust under varying dietary conditions. Therefore, variation in diet quality is not likely to constrain signal expression, but can have a bigger impact on performance.
Data from: Life-history trait database of European reptile species
Life-history data are essential for providing answers to a wide range of questions in evolution, ecology, and conservation biology. While life history data for many species, especially plants, are available online, life history traits of European reptiles are available only widely scattered in different languages and primarily in printed media. For this reason, we generated a comprehensive trait database covering all European reptile species. Data were compiled by searching the peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed literature. The database covers the whole of Europe and neighbouring Asian and African countries. Traits were categorised under five main headings: Activity / Energy / Habitat; Phenology; Movement; Sexual Maturity; and Morphometry. To ensure that the data were standardised, we defined trait data categories before we started compiling data. All entries were checked by at least one other person. The dataset provides a unique source for meta-analyses and modelling in ecology and conservation biology.
Data from: Variation in life-history traits among Daphnia and its relationship to species-level responses to phosphorus limitation
Currently organisms are experiencing changes in their environment at an unprecedented rate. Therefore the study of the contributions to and responses in traits linked to fitness is crucial, as they have direct consequences on a population's success in persisting under such change. Daphnia is used as a model organism as the genus contains keystone primary consumers in aquatic food webs. A life-history table experiment (LHTE) using four species of Daphnia was conducted to compare variation in life-history traits among species across two different environmental conditions (high and low phosphorous availability). Results indicate that the food quality environment had the most impact on life-history traits, while genetic contributions to traits were higher at the species-level than clonal-level. Higher trait variation and species-level responses to P-limitation was more evident in reproductive traits, while growth traits were found to be less affected by food quality and had less variation. Exploring trait variation and potential plasticity in organisms is increasingly important to consider as a potential mechanism for population persistence given the fluctuations in environmental stressors we are currently experiencing.
Data from: Geographic variation of life-history traits in the sand lizard, Lacerta agilis: testing Darwin's fecundity-advantage hypothesis
The fecundity-advantage-hypothesis (FAH) explains larger female size relative to male size as a correlated response to fecundity selection. We explored FAH by investigating geographic variation in female reproductive output and its relation to sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in Lacerta agilis, an oviparous lizard occupying a major part of temperate Eurasia. We analysed how sex-specific body size and SSD are associated with two putative indicators of fecundity selection intensity (clutch size and the slope of the clutch size-female size relationship), and with two climatic variables throughout the species range and across two widespread evolutionary lineages. Variation within the lineages provides no support for FAH. In contrast, the divergence between the lineages is in line with FAH: the lineage with consistently female-biased SSD (L. a. agilis) exhibits higher clutch size and steeper fecundity slope than the lineage with an inconsistent and variable SSD (L. a. exigua). L. a. agilis shows lower offspring size (egg mass, hatchling mass) and higher clutch mass relative to female mass than L. a. exigua, i.e. both possible ways to enhance offspring number are exerted. As the SSD difference is due to male size (smaller males in L. a. agilis), fecundity selection favouring larger females, together with viability selection for smaller size in both sexes, would explain the female-biased SSD and reproductive characteristics of L. a. agilis. The pattern of intraspecific life-history divergence in L.agilis is strikingly similar to that between oviparous and viviparous populations of a related species Zootoca vivipara. Evolutionary implications of this parallelism are discussed.
Data from: Life-history and behavioral trait covariation across 3 years in Temnothorax ants
Consistent among- individual differences in behavior have been described in numerous taxa. More recently, the hypothesis that such behavioral variation may also correlate to life-history traits, such as investment in current or future reproduction, has been proposed as a potential explanation for why variation is maintained among and within populations. A continual challenge in measuring the integration of these traits, or the Pace – of – Life Syndrome, is to find a reliable and quantifiable proxy for energy allocation between reproduction and self-maintenance. Here, I address this challenge using the eusocial insects, Temnothorax ants, in a common garden experiment to directly quantify energy allocation by tracking the number of sterile workers (somatic effort) and winged reproductive ants (reproductive effort) produced across years. I use colonies collected from populations previously demonstrated to show significant differences in a risk-tolerance behavioral syndrome. I provide an empirical test of the Pace – Of – Life Syndrome hypothesis between two populations of Temnothorax ants over three years. I find strong evidence for a Pace – Of – Life Syndrome between populations and weaker, but present support for a within population POLS. More risk-tolerant populations also allocate more energy towards reproduction and grow faster across years. This study then emphasizes the value of a more holistic study of among-individual variation. Additionally, it suggests more research is needed on understanding how and why traits may correlate in some populations, but remain independent in others.
Data from: Interactive life-history traits predict sensitivity of plants and animals to temporal autocorrelation
Temporal autocorrelation in demographic processes is an important aspect of population dynamics, but a comprehensive examination of its effects on different life-history strategies is lacking. We use matrix populations models from 454 plant and animal populations to simulate stochastic population growth rates (log λs) under different temporal autocorrelations in demographic rates, using simulated and observed covariation among rates. We then test for differences in sensitivities, or changes, of log λs to changes in autocorrelation among two major axes of life-history strategies, obtained from phylogenetically-informed principal component analysis: the fast-slow and semelparous-iteroparous continua. Fast life histories exhibit highest sensitivities to simulated autocorrelation in demographic rates across reproductive strategies. Slow life histories are less sensitive to temporal autocorrelation, but their sensitivities increase among highly iteroparous species. We provide cross-taxonomic evidence that changes in the autocorrelation of environmental variation may affect a wide range of species, depending on complex interactions of life-history strategies.
Data from: Life-history traits of Macrolophus pygmaeus with different prey foods
Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a generalist predatory mirid widely used in augmentative biological control of various insect pests in greenhouse tomato production in Europe, including the invasive tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae). However, its biocontrol efficacy often relies on the presence of alternative prey. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of various prey foods (Ephestia kuehniella eggs, Bemisia tabaci nymphs, Tuta absoluta eggs and Macrosiphum euphorbiae nymphs) on some life history traits of M. pygmaeus. Both nymphal development and adult fertility of M. pygmaeus were significantly affected by prey food type, but not survival. Duration of nymphal stage was higher when M. pygmaeus fed on T. absoluta eggs compared to the other prey. Mean fertility of M. pygmaeus females was greatest when fed with B. tabaci nymphs, and was greater when offered M. euphorbiae aphids and E. kuehniella eggs than when offered T. absoluta eggs. Given the low quality of T. absoluta eggs, the efficacy of M. pygmaeus to control T. absoluta may be limited in the absence of other food sources. Experiments for assessing effectiveness of generalist predators should involve the possible impact of prey preference as well as a possible prey switching.
Data from: Assessing the effects of quantitative host resistance on the life-history traits of sporulating parasites with growing lesions
Assessing life-history traits of parasites on resistant hosts is crucial in evolutionary ecology. In the particular case of sporulating pathogens with growing lesions, phenotyping is difficult because one needs to disentangle properly pathogen spread from sporulation. By considering Phytophthora infestans on potato, we use mathematical modelling to tackle this issue and refine the assessment pathogen response to quantitative host resistance. We elaborate a parsimonious leaf-scale model by convolving a lesion growth model and a sporulation function, after a latency period. This model is fitted to data obtained on two isolates inoculated on three cultivars with contrasted resistance level. Our results confirm a significant host-pathogen interaction on the various estimated traits, and a reduction of both pathogen spread and spore production, induced by host resistance. Most interestingly, we highlight that quantitative resistance also changes the sporulation function, whose mode is significantly time-lagged.This alteration of the infectious period distribution on resistant hosts may have strong impacts on the dynamics of parasite populations, and should be considered when assessing the durability of disease control tactics based on plant resistance management. This inter-disciplinary work also supports the relevance of mechanistic models for analysing phenotypic data of plant-pathogen interactions.
Data from: Seascape and life-history traits do not predict self-recruitment in a coral reef fish
The persistence and resilience of many coral reef species are dependent on rates of connectivity among sub-populations. However, despite increasing research efforts, the spatial scale of larval dispersal remains unpredictable for most marine metapopulations. Here, we assess patterns of larval dispersal in the angelfish Centropyge bicolor in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea, using parentage and sibling reconstruction analyses based on 23 microsatellite DNA loci. We found that, contrary to previous findings in this system, self-recruitment (SR) was virtually absent at both the reef (0.4–0.5% at 0.15 km2) and the lagoon scale (0.6–0.8% at approx. 700 km2). While approximately 25% of the collected juveniles were identified as potential siblings, the majority of sibling pairs were sampled from separate reefs. Integrating our findings with earlier research from the same system suggests that geographical setting and life-history traits alone are not suitable predictors of SR and that high levels of localized recruitment are not universal in coral reef fishes.
Data from: Hybridization alters early life-history traits and increases plant colonization success in a novel region
Hybridization is hypothesized to promote invasiveness, but empirical tests comparing the performance of hybrid versus parental taxa in novel regions are lacking. We experimentally compared colonization ability of populations of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) versus populations of advanced-generation hybrids between wild and cultivated radish (R. sativus) in a southeast Texas pasture, well beyond the known invasive range of hybrid radish. We also manipulated the strength of interspecific competition to better generalize across variable environments. In both competitive environments, hybrid populations produced at least three times more seeds than wild radish populations, a distinction that was driven by greater hybrid seedling emergence, earlier hybrid emergence and more hybrid seedlings surviving to flower, rather than by greater individual fecundity. Flowering duration in hybrids was less negatively affected by competition than it was in wild radishes, while early emergence was associated with subsequent high seed output in both biotypes. Our data show that hybridization can enhance colonization success in a novel region, and, by comparison with previous studies, that the life-history traits enhancing hybrid success can differ across regions, even for lineages originating from the same hybridization event. These results imply a much larger arena for hybrid success than previously appreciated.
Data from: Root foraging performance and life-history traits
Plants use their roots to forage for nutrients in heterogeneous soil environments, but different plant species vastly differ in the intensity of foraging they perform. This diversity suggests the existence of constraints on foraging at the species level. We therefore examined the relationships between the intensity of root foraging and plant body traits across species in order to estimate the degree of coordination between plant body traits and root foraging as a form of plant behavior. We cultivated 37 perennial herbaceous Central European species from open terrestrial habitats in pots with three different spatial gradients of nutrient availability (steep, shallow and no gradient). We assessed the intensity of foraging as differences in root placement inside pots with and without a spatial gradient of resource supply. For the same set of species, we retrieved data about body traits from available databases: maximum height at maturity, mean area of leaf, specific leaf area, shoot lifespan, ability to self-propagate clonally, maximal lateral spread (in clonal plants only), realized vegetative growth in cultivation and realized seed regeneration in cultivation. Clonal plants and plants with extensive vegetative growth showed considerably weaker foraging than their non-clonal or slow-growing counterparts. There was no phylogenetic signal in the amount of expressed root foraging intensity. Since clonal plants foraged less than non-clonals and foraging intensity did not seem to be correlated with species phylogeny, we hypothesize that clonal growth itself (i.e. the ability to develop at least partly self-sustaining ramets) may be an answer to soil heterogeneity. Whereas unitary plants use roots as organs specialized for both resource acquisition and transport to overcome spatial heterogeneity in resource supply, clonal plants separate these two functions. Becoming a clonal plant allows higher specialization at the organ level, since a typical clonal plant can be viewed as a network of self-sustainable harvesting units connected together with specialized high-throughput connection organs. This may be an effective alternative for coping with spatial heterogeneity in resource availability.
Data from: Genetic effects on life-history traits in the Glanville fritillary butterfly
Background: Adaptation to local habitat conditions may lead to the natural divergence of populations in life-history traits such as body size, time of reproduction, mate signaling or dispersal capacity. Given enough time and strong enough selection pressures, populations may experience local genetic differentiation. The genetic basis of many life-history traits, and their evolution according to different environmental conditions remain however poorly understood. Methods: We conducted an association study on the Glanville fritillary butterfly, using material from five populations along a latitudinal gradient within the Baltic Sea region, which show different degrees of habitat fragmentation. We investigated variation in 10 principal components, cofounding in total 21 life-history traits, according to two environmental types, and 33 genetic SNP markers from 15 candidate genes. Results: We found that nine SNPs from five genes showed strong trend for trait associations (p-values under 0.001 before correction). These associations, yet non-significant after multiple test corrections, with a total number of 1,086 tests, were consistent across the study populations. Additionally, these nine genes also showed an allele frequency difference between the populations from the northern fragmented versus the southern continuous landscape. Discussion: Our study provides further support for previously described trait associations within the Glanville fritillary butterfly species across different spatial scales. Although our results alone are inconclusive, they are concordant with previous studies that identified these associations to be related to climatic changes or habitat fragmentation within the Åland population.
Atlantic reef fishes: distributions and life-history traits
<p><strong>(All information expressed below is also available in the "read me" text file.)</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Atlantic reef fishes: distributions and life-history traits </strong></p> <p>Upload date: September 3rd, 2024 DOI for all versions: 10.5281/zenodo.13655553</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p>Isadora Cord¹*, Sergio R. Floeter¹*,**, Gabriel S. Araujo², Juan P. Quimbayo³, D. Ross Robertson⁴, Benjamin C. Victor⁵, Peter Wirtz⁶, Hudson T. Pinheiro², Rui Freitas⁷, Luiz A. Rocha⁸ </p> <p>* joint first authors; ** corresponding author <sergiofloeter@gmail.com></p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p>¹Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Lab, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil</p> <p>²Center for Marine Biology, University of São Paulo, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil</p> <p>³University of Florida, USA</p> <p>⁴Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama</p> <p>⁵Ocean Science Foundation, USA</p> <p>⁶Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Portugal</p> <p>⁷Universidade Técnica do Atlântico, Cabo Verde</p> <p>⁸California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Introduction to the First Edition</strong></p> <p>This database includes information on the distribution and life-history traits for 1,628 reef fish species, distributed across 26 sub-provinces of the tropical, sub-tropical, and warm temperate Atlantic Ocean. We followed the definition provided by Floeter et al. (2008) for “reef fish,” including any shallow (<100 m) tropical/subtropical benthic or benthopelagic fishes that consistently associate with hard substrates of coral, algal, or rocky reefs, or occupy adjacent sand substrate. All distributions were verified by the authors, double-checked with online databases, and available literature (peer-reviewed regional checklists and scientific papers; see main refs). Life-history traits were compiled for most species by using a combination of personal data, online databases (e.g. Froese & Pauly, 2023; Robertson & Van Tassell, 2023), and published sources (e.g. Luiz et al. 2015; Pinheiro et al. 2018; Quimbayo et al. 2021).</p> <p>This database is associated with the manuscript Cord et al. (<em>in prep.</em>) “Biogeography and evolution of reef fishes on tropical Mid-Atlantic Ridge islands,” and represents an update that has been in development for 16 years, based on Floeter et al. (2008) “Atlantic reef fish biogeography and evolution”.</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Data Description:</strong></p> <p>The .xlsx database contains two pages, “traits&distributions” and “acronyms”. The “acronyms” page contains the same table that is available below, as well as a map illustrating the studied areas. The “traits&distributions” page is divided into the following columns:</p> <p><strong> "A" through "D"</strong>: Species’ identification</p> <p>species = the complete species names, in the following pattern: “Genus_specific epithet”, e.g. “Acanthurus_bahianus”</p> <p>family, genus = self explanatory</p> <p>spp = specific epithet</p> <p> <strong> "E" through "AD"</strong>: Distributions</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <div> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Region</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Sub-provinces</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Geographical definition</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Acronym</strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Western Atlantic </p> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Greater Caribbean</p> </td> <td> <p>Carolinian</p> </td> <td> <p>North Carolina State to Mérida (México)</p> </td> <td> <p>CA</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p>Bermuda</p> </td> <td> <p>Bermuda Is.</p> </td> <td> <p>BE</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p>Central Caribbean</p> </td> <td> <p>Central America and offshore islands (except mentioned elsewhere), Florida Keys</p> </td> <td> <p>CC</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p>Southern Caribbean</p> </td> <td> <p>Panamá to Trinidad and Tobago</p> </td> <td> <p>SC</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Southwestern Atlantic</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Brazilian Province</p> </td> <td> <p>North Brazil</p> </td> <td> <p>Great Amazon Reef</p> </td> <td> <p>NB</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p>Northeastern Brazil</p> </td> <td> <p>Rio Grande do Norte to Southern Bahia State</p> </td> <td> <p>NE</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p>Southeastern Brazil</p> </td> <td> <p>Espírito Santo to Paraná States</p> </td> <td> <p>SE</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p>South Brazil</p> </td> <td> <p>Santa Catarina State</p> </td> <td> <p>SB</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Brazilian oceanic islands</p> </td> <td> <p>Rocas Atoll</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>AR</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p>Fernando de Noronha</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>FN</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p>Trindade Is.</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>TR</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Warm-temperate Argentinian Province</p> </td> <td> <p>Argentinian </p> </td> <td> <p>Rio Grande do Sul State, from Uruguay to Patagonia</p> </td> <td> <p>PT</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Mid-Atlantic Ridge</p> </td> <td> <p>St Paul’s Rocks</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>SP</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p>Ascension</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>AS</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p>St Helena</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>SH</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Eastern Atlantic</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Northeastern Atlantic</p> </td> <td> <p>Mediterranean</p> </td> <td> <p>Levant to Gibraltar </p> </td> <td> <p>MD</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Lusitana</p> </td> <td> <p>Azores</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>AZ</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p>Madeira</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>MA</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p>Canaries</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>CN</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Tropical Eastern Atlantic</p> </td> <td> <p>Northwest Africa</p> </td> <td> <p>Gibraltar to Cape Verde (Senegal)</p> </td> <td> <p>NT</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p>Cape Verde Is.</p> </td> <td> </td> <td> <p>CV</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p>São Tomé & Príncipe</p> </td> <td> <p>Includes Annobon</p> </td> <td> <p>ST</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p>Tropical West Africa</p> </td> <td> <p>Cape Verde to Moçamedes (Angola)</p> </td> <td> <p>EA</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Southwest Africa</p> </td> <td> <p>Benguela</p> </td> <td> <p>Moçamedes to Cape of Good Hope</p> </td> <td> <p>BN</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p>Agulhas</p> </td> <td> <p>Cape of Good Hope to Kei River</p> </td> <td> <p>CP</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Southwestern Indian Ocean</p> </td> <td> <p>South Africa’s Indian Ocean</p> </td> <td> <p>From Kei River to Kosi Bay</p> </td> <td> <p>IO</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p> "<strong>AE" through "AK"</strong>: Life-history traits</p> <p>“depth_max” = Maximum recorded depth, in meters.</p> <p>“bodysize_max” = Maximum recorded adult body size, in centimeters.</p> <p>“rafter” = Presence (1) or absence (0) of rafting behavior (mostly for the entire genus).</p> <p>“multihabitat” = Usage of other habitats in addition to structural reefs (soft bottoms, seagrass/macroalgae beds, mangroves, and estuaries).</p> <p>“diet” = Diet habits (gc: generalised carnivores; hd: herbivores/detritivores; is: sessile invertivores; mi: mobile invertivores; om: omnivores; pk: planktivores).</p> <p>“groupsize” = Sociability (sol: solitary; pair: pairs of two individuals; smallg: groups of 3 to 10 individuals; medg: groups of 10 to 20 individuals; largeg: groups of over 20 individuals).</p> <p>“spawning” = Spawning modes (att: attached; dem: demersal; live: livebearers; oral: oral; pel: pelagic).</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Data Sources and Verification:</strong></p> <p>We gathered presence or absence data for 73 families of reef-associated fishes, encompassing 1,637 species in 26 distinct biogeographical units within the Atlantic Basin (see table above). All distributions were strictly verified by the authors, double-checked with online databases and available literature (e.g. Brown et al. 2019; Freitas et al. 2019; Floeter et al. 2023; Pinheiro et al. 2020; Robertson & Van Tassell, 2023; Wirtz et al. 2017). Life-history traits were compiled using personal data, online databases (e.g. Froese & Pauly, 2023; Robertson & Van Tassell, 2023), and published sources (e.g. Luiz et al. 2015; Pinheiro et al. 2018; Quimbayo et al. 2021). All species’ nomenclature was based on Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes (Fricke et al. 2024). </p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Main References:</strong></p> <p>Brown, J., Beard, A., Clingham, E., Fricke, R., Henry, L., & Wirtz, P. (2019). The fishes of St Helena Island, central Atlantic Ocean—new records and an annotated checklist. Zootaxa, 4543(2), 151-194.</p> <p>Freitas, R., Romeiras, M., Silva, L., Cordeiro, R., Madeira, P., González, J.A., Wirtz, P., Falcón, J.M., Brito, A., Floeter, S.R., Afonso, P., Porteiro, F., Viera-Rodríguez, M.A., Neto, A.I., Haroun, R., Farminhão, J.N.M., Rebelo, A.C., Baptista, L., Melo, C.S., Martínez, A., Núñez, J., Berning, B., Johnson, M.E. & Ávila, S.P. (2019). Restructuring of the 'Macaronesia' biogeographic unit: A marine multi-taxon biogeographical approach. Scientific Reports, 9: 15792.</p> <p>Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Fong, J. D. (2024 ). ESCHMEYER'S CATALOG OF FISHES: GENERA/SPECIES BY FAMILY/SUBFAMILY.(http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/ SpeciesByFamily.asp). Electronic version accessed 03 September 2024.</p> <p>Floeter, S.R., Krajewski, J.P., Fiuza, T.M.J., Rocha, L.A. & Carvalho-Filho, A. (2023). Brazilian Reef Fishes. Editora CRV, Curitiba, pp. 320.ISBN 978-65-251-4245-6. DOI: 10.24824/978652514245.6</p> <p>Floeter, S. R., Rocha, L. A., Robertson, D. R., Joyeux, J. C., Smith-Vaniz, W. F., Wirtz, P., Edwards, A. J., Barreiros, J. P., Ferreira, C. E. L., Gasparini, J. L., Brito, A., Falcón, J. M., Bowen, B. W. & Bernardi, G. (2008). Atlantic reef fish biogeography and evolution. Journal of Biogeography, 35: 22-47.</p> <p>Froese R, Pauly D (Eds) (2023) FishBase. [Version 06/2023] http://www.fishbase.org </p> <p>Luiz, O. J., Madin, J. S., Robertson, D. R., Rocha, L. A., Wirtz, P., & Floeter, S. R. (2012). Ecological traits influencing range expansion across large oceanic dispersal barriers: insights from tropical Atlantic reef fishes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 279(1730), 1033-1040.</p> <p>Munroe, T. A. (1990). Eastern Atlantic tonguefishes (Symphurus: Cynoglossidae, Pleuronectiformes), with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of Marine Science, 47(2), 464-515.</p> <p>Munroe, T. A. (1991). Western Atlantic Tonguefishes of the Symphurus-Plagusia Complex (Cynoglossidae, Pleuronectiformes), with Descriptions of 2 New Species. Fishery Bulletin.</p> <p>Pinheiro, H. T., Rocha, L. A., Macieira, R. M., Carvalho‐Filho, A., Anderson, A. B., Bender, M. G., ... & Floeter, S. R. (2018). South‐western Atlantic reef fishes: Zoogeographical patterns and ecological drivers reveal a secondary biodiversity centre in the Atlantic Ocean. Diversity and Distributions, 24(7), 951-965.</p> <p>Pinheiro, H. T., Macena, B. C., Francini‐Filho, R. B., Ferreira, C. E., Albuquerque, F. V., Bezerra, N. P., ... & Rocha, L. A. (2020). Fish biodiversity of Saint Peter and Saint Paulʼs Archipelago, Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, Brazil: new records and a species database. Journal of Fish Biology, 97(4), 1143-1153.</p> <p>Quimbayo, J.P., Silva, F.C., Mendes, T.C., Ferrari, D.S., Danielski, S.L., Bender, M.G., Parravicini, V., Kulbicki, M. & Floeter, S.R. (2021). Life-history traits, geographical range and conservation aspects of reef fishes from the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific. Ecology (Data Papers), https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3298.</p> <p>Robertson, D. R., & Tornabene, L. (2023). Reef-associated Bony Fishes of the Greater Caribbean: A Checklist (VERSION 5). https://zenodo.org/records/10225031</p> <p>Robertson, D. R., & Van Tassell, J. (2023). Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean: online information system. Version 3.0 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panamá.</p> <p>Wirtz, P., Bingeman, J., Bingeman, J., Fricke, R., Hook, T. J., & Young, J. (2017). The fishes of Ascension Island, central Atlantic Ocean–new records and an annotated checklist. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 97(4), 783-798.</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Additional details:</strong></p> <p>Related works Cord et al. (<em>in prep.</em>) and Floeter et al. (2008)</p> <p> Cord, I., Araujo, G. S., Silva, F. C., Kurtz, Y. R., Rocha, C. R., Pinheiro, H. T., Rocha, L. A. & Floeter, S. R. (<em>in prep.</em>). Biogeography and evolution of reef fishes on tropical Mid-Atlantic Ridge islands.</p> <p>Floeter, S. R., Rocha, L. A., Robertson, D. R., Joyeux, J. C., Smith-Vaniz, W. F., Wirtz, P., Edwards, A. J., Barreiros, J. P., Ferreira, C. E. L., Gasparini, J. L., Brito, A., Falcón, J. M., Bowen, B. W. & Bernardi, G. (2008). Atlantic reef fish biogeography and evolution. Journal of Biogeography, 35: 22–47.</p> <p> </p>
Density-by-diet interactions during larval development shape adult life-history trait expression and fitness in a polyphagous fly
<p><span>Habitat quality early in life determines individual fitness, with possible long-term evolutionary effects on groups and populations. In holometabolous insects, larval ecology plays a major role in determining the expression of traits in adulthood, but how ecological conditions during larval stage interact to shape adult life-history and fitness, particularly in non-model organisms, remains subject to scrutiny. Consequently, our knowledge of the interactive effects of ecological factors on insect development is limited. Here, using the polyphagous fly <i>Bactrocera tryoni</i>, we conducted a fully-factorial design where we manipulated larval density and larval diet (protein-rich, standard, and sugar-rich) to gain insights into how these ecological factors interact to modulate adult fitness. As expected, a protein-rich diet resulted in faster larval development, heavier and leaner adults that were more fecund compared with standard and sugar-rich diets, irrespective of larval density. Females from the protein-rich larval diet had overall higher reproductive rate (i.e., eggs per day) than females from other diets, and reproductive rate decreased linearly with density for females from the protein-rich but non-linearly for females from the standard and sugar-rich diets over time. Surprisingly, adult lipid reserve increased with larval density for adults from the sugar-rich diet (as opposed to decreasing, as in other diets), possibly due to a stress-response to an extremely adverse condition during development (i.e., high intraspecific competition and poor nutrition). Together, our results provide insights into how ecological factors early in life interact and shape the fate of individuals through life-stages in holometabolous insects. </span></p>
Data from: Life histories as mosaics: plastic and genetic components differ among traits that underpin life-history strategies
<p>Life-history phenotypes emerge from clusters of traits that are the product of genes and phenotypic plasticity. If the impact of the environment differs substantially between traits, then life histories might not evolve as a cohesive whole.</p> <p>We quantified the sensitivity of components of the life history to food availability, a key environmental difference in the habitat occupied by contrasting ecotypes, for 36 traits in fast-and slow-reproducing Trinidadian guppies. Our dataset included six putatively independent origins of the slow-reproducing, derived ecotype.</p> <p>Traits varied substantially in plastic and genetic control. Twelve traits were influenced only by food availability (body lengths, body weights), five only by genetic differentiation (inter-birth intervals, offspring sizes), ten by both (litter sizes, reproductive timing), and nine by neither (fat contents, reproductive allotment). Ecotype-by-food interactions were negligible. The response to low food was aligned with the genetic difference between high- and low-food environments, suggesting that plasticity was adaptive.</p> <p>The heterogeneity among traits in environmental sensitivity and genetic differentiation reveals that the components of the life history may not evolve in concert. Ecotypes may instead represent mosaics of trait groups that differ in their rate of evolution.</p>
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