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FIGURE 8 in A revision of Hynobius stejnegeri, a lotic breeding salamander from western Japan with a description of three new species (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)

FIGURE 8. Vomerine teeth series of male holotype (T2804) of Hynobius guttatus sp. nov. (A); female holotype (T2096) of H. tsurugiensis sp. nov. (B); male holotype (KUHE18035) of H. kuishiensis sp. nov. (C); and a male specimen (KUHE 28007) of H. stejnegeri (D) from Yamato-cho, Kumamoto Prefecture.

FIGURE 6 in A revision of Hynobius stejnegeri, a lotic breeding salamander from western Japan with a description of three new species (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)

FIGURE 6. Plot of first against second (A, C) or third (B, D) canonical variates from CANDISC for five lineages in males (A, B) and females (C, D). Closed circles: the Chubu-Kinki lineage; Open triangles: the Tsurugi lineage; Closed squares: the Ishizuchi-Kuishi lineage; Open diamonds: the Oda lineage; Open inverted triangles: H. stejnegeri sensu stricto.

FIGURE 5. A in A revision of Hynobius stejnegeri, a lotic breeding salamander from western Japan with a description of three new species (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)

FIGURE 5. A neighbor-joining tree constructed from Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards' (1967) chord distance based on allozyme data (Tominaga et al. 2005a). Nodal values indicate bootstrap proportions in 1000 bootstrap replications. Numbers preceded by "L" indicate locality number.

FIGURE 4 in A revision of Hynobius stejnegeri, a lotic breeding salamander from western Japan with a description of three new species (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)

FIGURE 4. Plot of first against second (A) or third (B) axes from principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on allozyme data (Tominaga et al. 2005a). Closed circles: the Chubu-Kinki lineage; Open triangles: the Tsurugi lineage; Closed squares: the Ishizuchi-Kuishi lineage; Open diamonds: the Oda lineage; Open inverted triangles: H. stejnegeri sensu stricto.

FIGURE 3 in A revision of Hynobius stejnegeri, a lotic breeding salamander from western Japan with a description of three new species (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)

FIGURE 3. Genetic structure in each individual of H. stejnegeri sensu lato revealed by STRUCTURE analyses. A: Genetic structure at K=3, indicating the separation of three allopatric clusters corresponding to those by Tominaga et al. (2005a). B: The clustering result at K=4 by STRUCTURE analysis. C: The result at K=5, indicating the separations of five genetic groups (the Chubu-Kinki, Tsurugi, Ishizuchi-Kuishi+Oda, and northern and southern lineages of H. stejnegeri sensu stricto from Kyushu).

FIGURE 7 in A revision of Hynobius stejnegeri, a lotic breeding salamander from western Japan with a description of three new species (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)

FIGURE 7. Dorsal and ventral views of male holotype (T2804) (A, B) of Hynobius guttatus sp. nov.; female holotype (T2096) (C) and a male paratype (T2873) (D, E) of H. tsurugiensis sp. nov.; male holotype (KUHE18035) (F) and a male paratype (KUHE24201) (G, H) of H. kuishiensis sp. nov. from Mt. Kuishi, Kochi Prefecture, a male specimen (T2995) (I, J) of H. kuishiensis sp. nov. from Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture, a male specimen (T2689) (K, L) of H. kuishiensis sp. nov. from Odamiyama, Uchiko-cho, Ehime Prefecture; and dorsal and ventral views of a male specimen (KUHE 28007) of H. stejnegeri (M, N) from Yamato-cho, Kumamoto Prefecture.

FIGURE 1 in A revision of Hynobius stejnegeri, a lotic breeding salamander from western Japan with a description of three new species (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)

FIGURE 1. Map of western Japan showing distributional range and sampling localities of Hynobius stejnegeri sensu lato for genetic analyses. Range filled by dots: distributional range of H. stejnegeri sensu lato; Closed circles: sampling localities of the Chubu-Kinki lineage; Open triangle: sampling locality of the Tsurugi lineage; Closed squares: Sampling localities of the Ishizuchi-Kuishi lineage; Open diamonds: sampling localities of the Oda lineage; Open vertical triangles: Sampling localities of H. stejnegeri sensu stricto. Sampling locality numbers are attached to symbols. These locality numbers correspond to those in Figs. 2 and 5, and Table 1.

FIGURE 2 in A revision of Hynobius stejnegeri, a lotic breeding salamander from western Japan with a description of three new species (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)

FIGURE 2. ML tree based on the partial 16SrRNA gene for samples used. Numbers above branches represent bootstrap supports for ML inference. Numbers preceded by "L" indicate locality number. Numbers in parentheses indicate DDBJ accession numbers.

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Fig. 1 in Using dragonflies to monitor and prioritize lotic systems: a South African perspective

Fig. 1 Plot of South Africa Scoring System (SASS)5 scores as a function of Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT). Ecological categories (A–E/F) are explained in Table 1, and SASS5 and ASPT scores are given in Table 2

FIG. 10 in A Lentic Breeder in Lotic Waters: Sierra Nevada Yellow-Legged Frog (Rana sierrae) Habitat Suitability in Northern Sierra Nevada Streams

FIG. 10. Distribution of depth and velocity values over time within cascade (CAS), riffle (LGR), and pool (POO) geomorphic unit types at (A) Lone Rock Creek and (B) South Fork Tributary. Dashed and shaded box in lower left corner of each panel represents high suitability microhabitat for adults (includes subadults) of velocity,0.1 m s–1 and depth,0.3 m.

FIG. 8 in A Lentic Breeder in Lotic Waters: Sierra Nevada Yellow-Legged Frog (Rana sierrae) Habitat Suitability in Northern Sierra Nevada Streams

FIG. 8. Mean predicted probability of microhabitat use by tadpoles of R. sierrae for all study sites combined for all possible values from a given predictor variable from 1,000 bootstrapped logistic regression models. Shading and bars represent 95% credible intervals. Substrate categories are silt (Slt), sand (Snd), fine gravel (FGrav), coarse gravel (CGrav), cobble (Cob), boulder (Bld), and bedrock (Bed).

FIG. 6 in A Lentic Breeder in Lotic Waters: Sierra Nevada Yellow-Legged Frog (Rana sierrae) Habitat Suitability in Northern Sierra Nevada Streams

FIG. 6. Mean predicted probability of microhabitat use by adult R. sierrae (includes subadults) for all study sites combined for all possible values from a given predictor variable from the 1,000 bootstrapped logistic regression models. Shading and bars represent 95% credible intervals. Substrate categories are silt (Slt), sand (Snd), fine gravel (FGrav), coarse gravel (CGrav), cobble (Cob), boulder (Bld), and bedrock (Bed).

FIG. 4 in A Lentic Breeder in Lotic Waters: Sierra Nevada Yellow-Legged Frog (Rana sierrae) Habitat Suitability in Northern Sierra Nevada Streams

FIG. 4. Distribution of use and available microhabitat points within each substrate category for locations of (A) adult (includes subadults) and (B) tadpoles of R. sierrae at each study site. To better visualize the number of points within each substrate category, violin boxplots were overlaid onto jittered points for each substrate category. The overlay shows a mirrored kernel density estimation for all substrate size categories to illustrate the distribution of the data. IND ¼ Independence Creek, LRC ¼ Lone Rock Creek, SFRC ¼ South Fork Rock Creek, SFT ¼ South Fork Tributary, SFTT ¼ South Fork Tadpole Tributary.

FIG. 3 in A Lentic Breeder in Lotic Waters: Sierra Nevada Yellow-Legged Frog (Rana sierrae) Habitat Suitability in Northern Sierra Nevada Streams

FIG. 3. Hydraulic variables measured for locations and available microhabitat points of (A) adult and (B) tadpoles of R. sierrae in five study sites in the Sierra Nevada. Figures show the relationship between total depth and mid-column velocity at both use and available locations for (A) adults (includes subadults) and (B) tadpoles at each study site. IND ¼ Independence Creek, LRC ¼ Lone Rock Creek, SFRC ¼ South Fork Rock Creek, SFT ¼ South Fork Tributary, SFTT ¼ South Fork Tadpole Tributary.

FIG. 2 in A Lentic Breeder in Lotic Waters: Sierra Nevada Yellow-Legged Frog (Rana sierrae) Habitat Suitability in Northern Sierra Nevada Streams

FIG. 2. Hydrographs of stream stage (depth) at three of five study sites in the northern Sierra Nevada over the course of the study. (A) South Fork Rock Creek (SFRC) and (B) Lone Rock Creek (LRC) hydrographs show a strong seasonal signal of winter storm events and spring snowmelt recession into low flow in summer, while (C) Independence Creek (IND) shows modified flow releases in spring and augmented flow releases in late summer from the upstream reservoir. Data were collected with pressure transducers placed in pools that remained wet over the summer.

FIG. 5 in A Lentic Breeder in Lotic Waters: Sierra Nevada Yellow-Legged Frog (Rana sierrae) Habitat Suitability in Northern Sierra Nevada Streams

FIG. 5. Distribution of use and available points within each total cover decile for locations and available microhabitat points of (A) adult (includes subadults) and (B) tadpoles of R. sierrae at each study site. To better visualize the number of points within each decile, points are jittered. Overlay shows a mirrored kernel density estimate for total cover deciles to illustrate the distribution of the data. IND ¼ Independence Creek, LRC ¼ Lone Rock Creek, SFRC ¼ South Fork Rock Creek, SFT ¼ South Fork Tributary, SFTT ¼ South Fork Tadpole Tributary.

Fig. 7 in Diversity and Distribution of Peritrich Ciliates on the Snail Physa acuta Draparnaud, 1805 (Gastropoda: Physidae) in a Eutrophic Lotic System

Fig. 7. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) for peritrichs species abundance on Physa acuta shell. Stress = 0. C_pol = Carchesium polypinum, E_plic = Epistylis plicatilis, E_sp = Epistylis sp., O_art = Opercularia articulata, T_kel = Thuricola kellicottiana, V_cam = Vorticella campanula, V_sp = Vorticella sp.

Fig. 6 in Diversity and Distribution of Peritrich Ciliates on the Snail Physa acuta Draparnaud, 1805 (Gastropoda: Physidae) in a Eutrophic Lotic System

Fig. 6. Abundance, density, diversity and dominance of peritrich epibionts on sites of the Physa acuta shell. Different letters indicate statistical differences p <0.05 and the symbol *indicate p> 0.05.

Fig. 5 in Diversity and Distribution of Peritrich Ciliates on the Snail Physa acuta Draparnaud, 1805 (Gastropoda: Physidae) in a Eutrophic Lotic System

Fig. 5. Abundance and density of peritrich ciliates on the sites of the Physa acuta shell. Distribution of the total number of epibionts throughout the antero-posterior axis of the shell. © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan

Fig. 4 in Diversity and Distribution of Peritrich Ciliates on the Snail Physa acuta Draparnaud, 1805 (Gastropoda: Physidae) in a Eutrophic Lotic System

Fig. 4. Abundance and density of peritrich species on the surface on the Physa acuta shell. Different letters indicate statistical differences (p <0.05) and * indicates species present exclusively on the dorsal surface.