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Fig. 12 in A Revision of Cretaceous Mantises and Their Relationships, Including New Taxa (Insecta: Dictyoptera: Mantodea)

Fig. 12. Photomicrograph (original) of Cretomantis larvalis Gratshev and Zherikhin, holotype (PIN 3064/8511).

Fig. 27 in A Revision of Cretaceous Mantises and Their Relationships, Including New Taxa (Insecta: Dictyoptera: Mantodea)

Fig. 27. Preferred cladogram for basal relationships of the Mantodea. Ambiguities in character distribution are indicated by shading. Further work will focus on Eumantodea. See text for discussion.

Fig. 18 in A Revision of Cretaceous Mantises and Their Relationships, Including New Taxa (Insecta: Dictyoptera: Mantodea)

Fig. 18. Highresolution CT scans of the holotype of Santanmantis axelrodi (AMNH 1957), showing various views of the anterior half. Top: Completely ventral (left, to oblique ventral, right). Middle: Completely lateral (left) to oblique lateral (right) (note great compression of the specimen). Bottom: Dorsal view, oblique (left) to completely dorsal (right). See text for description of methods and parameters.

Fig. 20 in A Revision of Cretaceous Mantises and Their Relationships, Including New Taxa (Insecta: Dictyoptera: Mantodea)

Fig. 20. Paratype of Santanmantis axelrodi, AMNH 1956. a. Complete specimen, dorsal view. b. Detail of head and pronotum. c. Detail of left forewing. The membranous apical half of both forewings were not preserved.

Fig. 9 in A Revision of Cretaceous Mantises and Their Relationships, Including New Taxa (Insecta: Dictyoptera: Mantodea)

Fig. 9. Burmantis lebanensis, new species, holotype AMNH L26. a. Portions of pronotum, showing surface structure. b. Forefemur and basal portion of tibia. Area within dashed line is typical location of brush, which is obscure here. c–e. Apices of midtibia (c), hindtibia (d), and hindbasitarsomere (e). f. Left cercus and pair of styles.

Fig. 10 in A Revision of Cretaceous Mantises and Their Relationships, Including New Taxa (Insecta: Dictyoptera: Mantodea)

Fig. 10. Photomicrographs of holotype of Chaeteessites minutissimus Gratshev and Zherikhin, a partial nymph in Siberian amber, holotype PIN 3311/603. a. Entire specimen. b. Detail of foretibia. Original photographs.

Fig. 8 in A Revision of Cretaceous Mantises and Their Relationships, Including New Taxa (Insecta: Dictyoptera: Mantodea)

Fig. 8. Burmantis asiatica, new species (holotype). a. Portion of left foreleg, including femur, tibia, and basitarsomere. b. Wing pad. c. Apex of hindfemur. d. Apex of hindtibia. e. Cercus.

Fig. 7 in A Revision of Cretaceous Mantises and Their Relationships, Including New Taxa (Insecta: Dictyoptera: Mantodea)

Fig. 7. Burmantis asiatica, new species (holotype). a. General outline of body. b. Frontal view of face.

Fig. 4 in A Revision of Cretaceous Mantises and Their Relationships, Including New Taxa (Insecta: Dictyoptera: Mantodea)

Fig. 4. Ambermantis wozniaki, new species, in New Jersey amber. a, b. Scanning electron micrograph of an isolated, imprinted wing on the surface of the amber (a), with diagram of the venation (b). c. Paratype, AMNH NJ90cc, a cast/imprint of the dorsal half of the specimen on the surface of the amber; the ventral half was missing.

Fig. 5 in A Revision of Cretaceous Mantises and Their Relationships, Including New Taxa (Insecta: Dictyoptera: Mantodea)

Fig. 5. Wings of Eurasian Cretaceous mantises. a. Baissomantis picta Gratshev and Zherikhin, PIN 1989/2486. b, c. Cretophotina spp. b. Cretophotina tristriata paratype, PIN 1989/2487. c. Cretophotina tristriata holotype, PIN 3064/8585. Original photographs.

Fig. 3 in A Revision of Cretaceous Mantises and Their Relationships, Including New Taxa (Insecta: Dictyoptera: Mantodea)

Fig. 3. Ambermantis wozniaki, new species, holotype (AMNH NJ1085), in New Jersey Cretaceous amber. a. Habitus of entire animal, oblique left lateral view. b. Left foreleg, ventral view of femur with folded tibia and basitarsomere. c. Foretibia, showing spination of mesal edge. d. Frontal view of head. e. Male genitalia.

Fig. 2 in A Revision of Cretaceous Mantises and Their Relationships, Including New Taxa (Insecta: Dictyoptera: Mantodea)

Fig. 2. Photomicrographs of Mantodea in Cretaceous ambers. a. Ambermantis wozniaki, new species, holotype AMNH NJ1085, in New Jersey amber. b. Paratype, ibid., AMNH NJ90cc. c. Jersimantis burmiticus, holotype AMNH Bu170, in Burmese amber. d. Burmantis asiatica, holotype, in Burmese amber. For scales, refer to illustrations of specimens.

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Data from: A Cretaceous aged Paleotropical dispersal established an endemic lineage of Caribbean praying mantises

Recent phylogenetic advances have uncovered remarkable biogeographic histories that have challenged traditional concepts of dispersal, vicariance and diversification in the Greater Antilles. Much of this focus has centred on vertebrate lineages despite the high diversity and endemism of terrestrial arthropods, which account for 2.5 times the generic endemism of all Antillean plants and non-marine vertebrates combined. In this study, we focus on three Antillean endemic praying mantis genera, Callimantis, Epaphrodita and Gonatista, to determine their phylogenetic placement and geographical origins. Each genus is enigmatic in their relation to other praying mantises due to their morphological affinities with both Neotropical and Old World groups. We recovered the three genera as a monophyletic lineage among Old World groups, which was supported by molecular and morphological evidence. With a divergence at approximately 107 Ma, the lineage originated during the break-up of Gondwana. Ancestral range reconstruction indicates the lineage dispersed from an African + Indomalayan range to the Greater Antilles, with a subsequent extinction in the Old World. The profound ecomorphic convergence with non-Caribbean groups obscured recognition of natural relationships within the same geographical distribution. To the best of our knowledge, the lineage is one of the oldest endemic animal groups in the Greater Antilles and their morphological diversity and restricted distribution mark them as a critical taxon to conserve.

Fig. 24 in A Revision of Cretaceous Mantises and Their Relationships, Including New Taxa (Insecta: Dictyoptera: Mantodea)

Fig. 24. Left wing of Santanmantis axelrodi paratype, AMNH 1956.

Fig. 17 in A Revision of Cretaceous Mantises and Their Relationships, Including New Taxa (Insecta: Dictyoptera: Mantodea)

Fig. 17. Illustrated rendering of Santanmantis axelrodi, holotype, with detail of terminalia.

Fig. 13 in A Revision of Cretaceous Mantises and Their Relationships, Including New Taxa (Insecta: Dictyoptera: Mantodea)

Fig. 13. Drawing (original) of Cretomantis larvalis holotype, showing details.

Fig. 14 in A Revision of Cretaceous Mantises and Their Relationships, Including New Taxa (Insecta: Dictyoptera: Mantodea)

Fig. 14. Nymph in New Jersey amber, Jersimantis luzzii holotype (AMNH NJ425) (from Grimaldi,

Fig. 23 in A Revision of Cretaceous Mantises and Their Relationships, Including New Taxa (Insecta: Dictyoptera: Mantodea)

Fig. 23. Wing venation of Santanmantis axelrodi paratypes, showing slight variation.

Fig. 1 in A Revision of Cretaceous Mantises and Their Relationships, Including New Taxa (Insecta: Dictyoptera: Mantodea)

Fig. 1. Significant setal modifications on mantis forelegs and terminology used in this study.