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95 results for “mineral soil”
An isotope study on Nitrogen and Phosphorus use efficiency and movement in soil in a mimicked vermicompost-based organo-mineral fertilizer
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Soil structure changes under reduced tillage and cover cropping enhance carbon mineralization in Mediterranean croplands
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Data from: More than a decade of moderate grazing: No impact on soil organic carbon stocks and enhancement of mineral-associated organic carbon via livestock diversification
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The contribution of Fe(III) reduction to soil carbon mineralization in montane meadows depends on soil chemistry, not parent material or microbial community
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Data from: Wildfire-induced losses of soil particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon persist for over four years in a chaparral ecosystem
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Mineral nitrogen nutrition of Fagus sylvatica L roots colonized by ectomycorrhizal fungi in native forest soil
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Soil nitrate, ammonium, moisture and nitrogen mineralization: The Small Biodiversity Experiment
Biodiversity I (E123), also called the ?small biodiversity experiment,? was designed to determine how the number of species affects the dynamics of ecological processes at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. By experimentally manipulating the number of species and the kinds of species, the amount of plant growth and the change from year to year that result can be examined. Also, the effects of number of species on carbon and nitrogen in the soil and on the ability of other species to invade can be studied. The experiment contains 147 3 x 3m plots that were randomly allocated 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 or 24 plant species. The particular species in a plot were randomly selected from a set of 24 prairie-grassland species which included seven warm-season (C4) grasses, four cool-season (C3) grasses, four legumes, nine non-legume forbs. Each level of number of species has 20 to 24 replicates. In this experiment not all of the species are in monocultures. The study was established in 1994 by lead investigators David Tilman, David Wedin, Peter Reich, and Johannes Knops. Experiment 123 is similar to Experiment 120, but it uses smaller plots and did not categorize by type of plant species prior to randomizing species to plots. This size of plot in Experiment 123 means that the soils are relatively more homogeneous and the desired number of species can be more easily maintained by frequent hand weeding than with larger plots. However, the small size of plots limits sampling and the nesting of other studies within the plots.
Soil net N mineralization over five incubation periods:Effect of Burning Patterns on Vegetation in the Fish Lake Burn Compartments
This study examines the effects of long-term prescribed burning treatments on vegetation structure and composition, productivity, and nutrient cycling in upland oak savanna and woodland vegetation. The basis for the study is an ongoing, experimental prescribed burning program begun in 1964 at Cedar Creek, and a similar program operating since 1962 on the adjacent Helen Allison Savanna property (owned by The Nature Conservancy). These prescribed burning programs are designed to subject upland oak communities (and some old fields) to different burn frequencies and patterns of burning, with the ultimate objectives of 1) restoring and maintaining the historically important savanna and open woodland vegetation, and 2) providing information about the effects of different burning patterns on vegetation structure and composition. This study addresses the latter of these two purposes and expands on it by also investigating possible influences of fire on resource availability (nutrients, water, and light) and net primary productivity. This study represents a continuation and expansion of experiments 015 and 094.
Data from: Soil pathogen-aphid interactions under differences in soil organic matter and mineral fertilizer
There is increasing evidence showing that microbes can influence plant-insect interactions. In addition, various studies have shown that aboveground pathogens can alter the interactions between plants and insects. However, little is known about the role of soil-borne pathogens in plant-insect interactions. It is also not known how environmental conditions, that steer the performance of soil-borne pathogens, might influence these microbe-plant-insect interactions. Here, we studied effects of the soil-borne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani on aphids (Sitobion avenae) using wheat (Triticum aestivum) as a host. In a greenhouse experiment, we tested how different levels of soil organic matter (SOM) and fertilizer addition influence the interactions between plants and aphids. To examine the influence of the existing soil microbiome on the pathogen effects, we used both unsterilized field soil and sterilized field soil. In unsterilized soil with low SOM content, R. solani addition had a negative effect on aphid biomass, whereas it enhanced aphid biomass in soil with high SOM content. In sterilized soil, however, aphid biomass was enhanced by R. solani addition and by high SOM content. Plant biomass was enhanced by fertilizer addition, but only when SOM content was low, or in the absence of R. solani. We conclude that belowground pathogens influence aphid performance and that the effect of soil pathogens on aphids can be more positive in the absence of a soil microbiome. This implies that experiments studying the effect of pathogens under sterile conditions might not represent realistic interactions. Moreover, pathogen-plant-aphid interactions can be more positive for aphids under high SOM conditions. We recommend that soil conditions should be taken into account in the study of microbe-plant-insect interactions.
β-glucosidase activity data after interaction with different soil minerals
<p>β-glucosidase activity data after interaction with different soil minerals</p>
Replacing Mineral Fertilisers for Bio-Based Fertilisers in Potato Growing on Sandy Soil: A Case Study
<p>The refinement level of bio-based fertilisers (BBFs) can influence environmental and agronomic performance. This study analyses the environmental and agronomic effect of different BBFs on potato growing in sandy soil. A less refined product (liquid fraction of digestate (LFD)), two refined products (ammonium sulphate (AS) and potassium concentrate (KC)), and mineral fertilizer (MF) are compared by conducting: (i) a nitrogen (N) incubation experiment where the N release rate of the BBFs is determined, (ii) a greenhouse gas emission experiment where N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions after BBF application are measured, (iii) a pot experiment where the nutrient fertiliser replacement value (NFRV) of the BBF is calculated, and (iv) a full-scale field trial where the potato quality and quantity and the remaining N residues in the soil after harvest are assessed. The N release rate and the NFRV of AS (142 ± 19% and 1.13, respectively) was higher compared with the LFD (113 ± 24% and 1.04) and MF (105 ± 16% and 1.00). Lowest N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were observed after the application of the less refined product (0.02 ± 0.01 per 100 g N applied) and highest for MF urea (0.11 ± 0.02 per 100 g N applied). In the full-scale field trial, no significant difference in potato yield was observed in the plots that received manure in combination with BBF or MF. This study showed that all three BBFs can safely be used in potato growing on sandy soils. However, the adoption of BBFs can be stimulated by (i) solving the practical issues that occurred during the application of LFD, (ii) making sure BBFs are on the list of RENURE materials so they can legally replace mineral fertiliser, and (iii) reducing the surplus of slurry manure to stimulate the use and fair pricing of BBF products.</p>
Dataset for: Root exudates simultaneously form and disrupt soil organo-mineral associations
<p>Dataset for the publication:</p> <p>Shabtai, I.A., Hafner, B.D., Schweizer, S.A. <em>et al.</em> Root exudates simultaneously form and disrupt soil organo-mineral associations. <em>Commun Earth Environ</em> <strong>5</strong>, 699 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01879-6</p>
Data for: Cover crop functional types differentially alter the content and composition of soil organic carbon in particulate and mineral-associated fractions
<p>Cover crops (CCs) can increase soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration by providing additional OC residues, recruiting beneficial soil microbiota, and improving soil aggregation and structure. The various CC species that belong to distinct plant functional types (PFTs) may differentially impact SOC formation and stabilization. Biogeochemical theory suggests that selection of PFTs with distinct litter quality (C:N ratio) should influence the pathways and magnitude of SOC sequestration. Yet, we lack knowledge on the effect of CCs from different PFTs on the quantity and composition of physiochemical pools of SOC. We sampled soils under monocultures of three CC PFTs (legume [crimson clover]; grass [triticale]; and brassica [canola]) and a mixture of these three species, from a long-term CC experiment in Pennsylvania, USA. We measured C content in bulk soil and C content and composition in contrasting physical fractions: particulate organic matter, POM; and mineral-associated organic matter, MAOM. The bulk SOC content was higher in all CC treatments compared to the fallow. Compared to the legume, monocultures of grass and brassica with lower litter quality (wider C:N) had higher proportion of plant-derived C in POM, indicating selective preservation of complex structural plant compounds. In contrast, soils under legumes had greater accumulation of microbial-derived C in MAOM. Our results for the first time, revealed that the mixture contributed to a higher concentration of plant-derived compounds in POM relative to the legume, and a greater accumulation of microbial-derived C in MAOM compared to monocultures of grass and brassica. Mixtures with all three PFTs can thus increase the short- and long-term SOC persistence balancing the contrasting effects on the chemistries in POM and MAOM imposed by monoculture CC PFTs. Thus, despite different cumulative C inputs in CC treatments from different PFTs, the total SOC stocks did not vary between CC PFTs, rather PFTs impacted whether C accumulated in POM or MAOM fractions. This highlights that CCs of different PFTs may shift the dominant SOC formation pathways (POM vs. MAOM), subsequently impacting short- and long-term SOC stabilization and stocks. Our work provides a strong applied field test of biogeochemical theory linking litter quality to pathways of C accrual in soil.</p>
Managing mineral phosphorus application with soil residual phosphorus reuse in Canada
<p>Datasets of our paper</p>
Data from: Soil pathogen-aphid interactions under differences in soil organic matter and mineral fertilizer
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Data for: Cover crop functional types differentially alter the content and composition of soil organic carbon in particulate and mineral-associated fractions
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Data from: Spruce and beech as local determinants of forest fungal community structure in litter, humus and mineral soil
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Dataset for: Short-term temperature history affects mineralization of fresh litter and extant soil organic matter, irrespective of agricultural management
<p>Dataset for the article:</p> <p>Mason-Jones, K., Vrehen, P, Koper, K., Wang, J., van der Putten, W.H., Veen, G.F. 2020. Short-term temperature history affects mineralization of fresh litter and extant soil organic matter, irrespective of agricultural management. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 150, 107985.</p> <p>Article DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.107985</p>
Data from: Direct and indirect effects of nitrogen enrichment on soil organisms and carbon and nitrogen mineralization in a semi‐arid grassland
1. Semi-arid grasslands on the Mongolian Plateau are expected to experience high inputs of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen in this century. It remains unclear, however, how soil organisms and nutrient cycling are directly affected by N enrichment (i.e., without mediation by plant input to soil) vs. indirectly affected via changes in plant-related inputs to soils resulting from N enrichment. 2. To test the direct and indirect effects of N enrichment on soil organisms (bacteria, fungi, and nematodes) and their associated C and N mineralization, in 2010 we designated two subplots (with plants and without plants) in every plot of a six-level N-enrichment experiment established in 1999 in a semi-arid grassland. 3. In 2014, 4 years after subplots with and without plant were established, N enrichment had substantially altered the soil bacterial, fungal, and nematode community structures due to declines in biomass or abundance whether plants had been removed or not. N enrichment also reduced the diversity of these groups (except for fungi) and the soil C mineralization rate and induced a hump-shaped response of soil N mineralization. As expected, plant removal decreased the biomass or abundance of soil organisms and C and N mineralization rates due to declines in soil substrates or food resources. 4. Analyses of plant removal-induced changes (ratios of without- to with-plant subplots) showed that microorganisms and C and N mineralization rates were not enhanced as N enrichment increased but that nematodes were enhanced as N enrichment increased, indicating that the effects of plant removal on soil organisms and mineralization depended on trophic level and nutrient status.5. Surprisingly, there was no statistical interaction between N enrichment and plant removal for most variables, indicating that plant-related inputs did not qualitatively change the effects of N enrichment on soil organisms or mineralization. Structural equation modeling confirmed that changes in soil communities and mineralization rates were more affected by the direct effects of N enrichment (via soil acidification and increased N availability) than by plant-related indirect effects. Our results provide insight into how future changes in N-deposition and vegetation may modify below-ground communities and processes in grassland ecosystems.
Dataset of manuscript "A stoichiometric approach to estimate sources of mineral-associated soil organic matter"
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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