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Figure 7 in Species delimitation in the Andean grasshopper genus Orotettix Ronderos & Carbonell (Orthoptera: Melanoplinae): an integrative approach combining morphological, molecular and biogeographical data

Figure 7 Orotettix males, species as indicated. A, C, E, G, I, distal abdominal segments, lateral view; B, D, F, H, J, distal abdominal segments, dorsal view. Numbers indicate characters and states used in the phylogenetic analyses.

Figure 4 in Species delimitation in the Andean grasshopper genus Orotettix Ronderos & Carbonell (Orthoptera: Melanoplinae): an integrative approach combining morphological, molecular and biogeographical data

Figure 4 Combined molecular and morphological phylogenetic analysis under parsimony criteria, using an extended implied weighting strategy. Numbers indicate branch supports (symmetric resampling).

Figure 5 in Species delimitation in the Andean grasshopper genus Orotettix Ronderos & Carbonell (Orthoptera: Melanoplinae): an integrative approach combining morphological, molecular and biogeographical data

Figure 5 Orotettix, phallic complex, in lateral (A) and dorsal views (B). Abbreviations: Ap, apodemes of cingulum; Ar, arch of aedeagus; Av, aedeagal valves; Ep, endophallic plates; E, epiphallus; L, lophi of epiphallus; Rm, rami; Sh, sheath of aedeagus.

Figure 13 in Species delimitation in the Andean grasshopper genus Orotettix Ronderos & Carbonell (Orthoptera: Melanoplinae): an integrative approach combining morphological, molecular and biogeographical data

Figure 13 Outgroup taxa used in the phylogenetic analyses, species as indicated. Phallic complex. A, D, G, J, distal portion of aedeagal valves, lateral view; B, E, H, K, distal portion of aedeagal valves, dorsal view; C, F, I, L, epiphallus, dorsal view. Numbers indicate characters and states used in the phylogenetic analyses.

Figure 3 A in Species delimitation in the Andean grasshopper genus Orotettix Ronderos & Carbonell (Orthoptera: Melanoplinae): an integrative approach combining morphological, molecular and biogeographical data

Figure 3 A, most parsimonious tree of the genus Orotettix (length 55, CI = 0.87, RI = 0.97) resulting from the cladistic analysis of the morphological character dataset, under equal weights. Black circles indicate unique changes and white circles indicate homoplasies. The numbers below the nodes are bootstrap support values, and those above are Bremer support values. The new species (O. sp. 1; O. sp. 2; O. sp. 3; O. sp. 4; O. sp. 5) delimited in this study based on molecular, morphological and geographical analyses are indicated in the tree. Lateral bars indicate the distribution of the specimens according to the geomorphic units of the Andes delimited by Gonzalez & Pfiffner (2012). B, geomorphological units of the Andes delimited by Gonzalez & Pfiffner (2012).

Figure 8 in Species delimitation in the Andean grasshopper genus Orotettix Ronderos & Carbonell (Orthoptera: Melanoplinae): an integrative approach combining morphological, molecular and biogeographical data

Figure 8 Orotettix males, species as indicated. A, C, E, G, I, distal abdominal segments, lateral view; B, D, F, H, J, distal abdominal segments, dorsal view. Numbers indicate characters and states used in the phylogenetic analyses.

Figure 10 in Species delimitation in the Andean grasshopper genus Orotettix Ronderos & Carbonell (Orthoptera: Melanoplinae): an integrative approach combining morphological, molecular and biogeographical data

Figure 10 Orotettix males. Phallic complex, species as indicated. A, D, G, J, M, distal portion of aedeagal valves, lateral view; B, E, H, K, N, distal portion of aedeagal valves, dorsal view; C, F, I, L, O, epiphallus, dorsal view. Numbers indicate characters and states used in the phylogenetic analyses.

Figure 2 in Species delimitation in the Andean grasshopper genus Orotettix Ronderos & Carbonell (Orthoptera: Melanoplinae): an integrative approach combining morphological, molecular and biogeographical data

Figure 2 Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of COI characters. Acronyms of specimens according to Table 1. Numbers on branches indicate posterior probabilities. Numbers in parentheses indicate bootstrap supports of maximum-parsimony analysis. Results of General Mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC) analysis are represented as lateral bars with different line patterns. Each bar indicates a different cluster identified by GMYC. Solid black patterns indicate clusters which coincide with species delimitation based on results from the other molecular, morphological and geographical analyses. 1, O. andeanus; 2, O. sp. 1; 3, O. sp. 2; 4, O. hortensis; 5, O. sp. 3; 6, O. sp. 4; 7, O. carrascoi; 8, O. sp. 5; 9, O. ceballosi.

Figure 6 in Species delimitation in the Andean grasshopper genus Orotettix Ronderos & Carbonell (Orthoptera: Melanoplinae): an integrative approach combining morphological, molecular and biogeographical data

Figure 6 Orotettix males, species as indicated. A–J, habitus. Scale bars: 5 mm. Numbers indicate characters and states used in the phylogenetic analyses.

Figure 1 in Species delimitation in the Andean grasshopper genus Orotettix Ronderos & Carbonell (Orthoptera: Melanoplinae): an integrative approach combining morphological, molecular and biogeographical data

Figure 1 Geographical distribution of Orotettix species (except for O. laevis), considering all specimens examined in this study. The map was produced with QGIS 2.4 Chugiak.

Fig. 9 in New Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Mexico: Molecular barcoding demonstrate species delimitation between highly similar morphospecies

Fig. 9. Light micrographs of cuticles from paratypes and hologenophores mounted after DNA extraction and COI sequencing. (A–B) Echinoderes horni, NHMD- 1176472, GenBank Acc. No. OP617666. (C–D) Echinoderes wilberti sp. nov., NHMD- 1176460, GenBank Acc. No. OP617672. (A) Dorsal overview. (B) Segments 1 to 6, dorsal view. (C) Dorsal overview. (D) Segments 1 to 6, dorsal view. Arrows indicate subdorsal tubes on segment 2.

Fig. 3 in New Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Mexico: Molecular barcoding demonstrate species delimitation between highly similar morphospecies

Fig. 3. Diagram of mouth cone (grey area), introvert and placids in Echinoderes abeli sp. nov., outer oral styles (diamonds), primary scalids (triangles), spinoscalids (open circles), and trichoscalids (stars), with positions of trichoscalid plates and placids indicated. Table shows the scalid arrangement by sector; single-lined boxes mark quincunxes, double-lined boxes mark "double diamonds", question mark indicates unknown information.

Fig. 1 in New Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Mexico: Molecular barcoding demonstrate species delimitation between highly similar morphospecies

Fig. 1. Maps showing (A) the position of areas of study in Mexico (B) sampling stations at Islas Marias with asterisks marking St. 8 y St.12, and (C) sampling stations in Quintana Roo with inset showing zoom of stations in Xcalak.

Fig. 6 in New Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Mexico: Molecular barcoding demonstrate species delimitation between highly similar morphospecies

Fig. 6. Line art illustrations of Echinoderes wilberti sp. nov. (A) Female, dorsal view. (B) Female, ventral view. (C) Segments 10 to 11 in male, dorsal view. (D) Segments 10 to 11 in male, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvgco1, lateroventral glandular cell outlet type 1; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mdgco1, middorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pvb, paraventral bristles; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdt, subdorsal tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot.

Fig. 5 in New Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Mexico: Molecular barcoding demonstrate species delimitation between highly similar morphospecies

Fig. 5. Scanning electron micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes abeli sp. nov. (A) Dorsal overview. (B) Ventral overview. (C) Mouth cone, dorsal view. (D) Introvert sector 2 (paraventral). (E) Segments 1 to 2, dorsal view. (F) Segment 1 to 2, ventral view. (G) Segments 7 to 8, lateral view. (H) Segments 2 to 4, lateral view; inset shows close-up of glandular cell outlet type 2. (I) Segments 10 to 11, dorsal view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (J) Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (K) Segments 10 to 11, laterodorsal view, showing female sexual dimorphism; inset shows close-up of laterodorsal tube. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlt, midlateral tube; oos, outer oral styles; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pr, protuberance; psp, primary spinoscalid; sdgco2, subdorsal glandular cell outlet type 2; sdss, subdorsal ss; slt, sublateral tube; sp, spinoscalid followed by introvert ring number; tr, trichoscalid; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot. Digit after abbreviation in lvt refer to segment number.

Fig. 10 in New Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Mexico: Molecular barcoding demonstrate species delimitation between highly similar morphospecies

Fig. 10. Line art illustrations of Echinoderes horni Higgins, 1983. (A) Female, dorsal view. (B) Female, ventral view. (C) Segments 10 to 11 in male, dorsal view. (D) Segments 10 to 11 in male, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvgco1, lateroventral glandular cell outlet type 1; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mdgco1, middorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pvb, paraventral bristles; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot.

Fig. 12 in New Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Mexico: Molecular barcoding demonstrate species delimitation between highly similar morphospecies

Fig. 12. Confocal laser micrographs of Echinoderes horni (NHMD-1176472) showing focal overview sections, from most dorsal in (A) and a deeper focus through (B) to (C). Sensory spots are indicated by full circles, and glandular cell outlets type 1 by dashed circles.

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FIGURE 14. Hypsolebias antenori, UFPB 14900 in Molecular delimitation of the seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new species from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 14. Hypsolebias antenori, UFPB 14900, topotype, male, 34.7 mm SL: Brazil, Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, rio Jaguaribe basin.

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FIGURE 10. Bayesian inference phylogenetic reconstruction using the mitochondrial gene cox1 in Molecular delimitation of the seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new species from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 10. Bayesian inference phylogenetic reconstruction using the mitochondrial gene cox1 of the Hypsolebias antenori species-group. Vertical bars represent species complexes. Numbers next to nodes represent posterior probability values for the relevant nodes; values <0.5 are not shown.