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Fig. 1 in Reproductive morphology of the genus Parafossarulus Annandale, 1924 (Caenogastropoda: Rissooidea: Bithyniidae) with comments on its taxonomy and distribution

Fig. 1. Transverse histological sections of Parafossarulus manchouricus female through proximal one-third of pallial oviduct: A – section through the beginning of albumen gland surrounded by connective tissue; B – section through the pallial oviduct including upper part of seminal receptacle; C – section through pallial oviduct on the level of opening of seminal receptacle; D – section through pallial oviduct distal to opening of seminal receptacle. Abbreviations: acg – accessory gland of the penis, ag – albumen gland, bc – bursa copulatrix, ca – ciliated area, cg – capsule gland, chpo – slit-like channel of pallial oviduct (uterus), cnt – connective tissue, c – ctenidium, dg – digestive gland, egf – egg guide fold, osr – opening of seminal receptacle, pd – prostate diverticula, sg – sperm gutter, sr – seminal receptacle, sv – seminal vesicles, t – testis, vd – vas deferens.

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Fig. 2 in Reproductive morphology of the genus Parafossarulus Annandale, 1924 (Caenogastropoda: Rissooidea: Bithyniidae) with comments on its taxonomy and distribution

Fig. 2. Transverse histological sections of the male Parafossarulus chaperi through different parts of gonoduct: A – section through gonadial part, showing testis and digestive gland; B – section through renal part, showing proximal portion of renal digestive gland and seminal vesicles; C – section through pallial part of gonoduct, showing structure of prostate; D – section through pallial part of gonoduct, showing accessory gland of the penis. For abbreviations, see Fig. 1.

FIGURE 7 in Morphology and Systematics of Kalophrynus interlineatus-pleurostigma Populations (Anura: Microhylidae: Kalophryninae) and a Taxonomy of the Genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, Asian Sticky Frogs

FIGURE 7. Images of lectotype of Kalophrynus interlineatus (NHMUK/BMNH 1947. 2.31.26, female) in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral views, and of paralectotype (NHMUK/BMNH 1947. 2.31.27, male) in (C) dorsal view [photographer G.R. Zug].

FIGURE 11 in Morphology and Systematics of Kalophrynus interlineatus-pleurostigma Populations (Anura: Microhylidae: Kalophryninae) and a Taxonomy of the Genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, Asian Sticky Frogs

FIGURE 11. Coloration of living representatives of pleurostigma-interlineatus group. (A) Dorsolateral view of a K. anya (USNM 520321) from the Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary, Sagaing, Myanmar [photographer, C. Hansen]; (B) dorsolateral view of a K. anya (USNM 523966) from the Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary, Sagaing, Myanmar [photographer, G.R. Zug]; (C) dorsolateral view of a K. interlineatus (CAS) from the Tanintharyi National Park, Tanintharyi, Myanmar [photographer, J.V. Vindum]; (D) dorsolateral view of a K. meizon (FMNH 242796) from Poring Station, Mt. Kinabulu Park, Ranua District, Sabah [photographer, R.F. Inger]; (E) dorsolateral view of a K. sinensis (UK 333148) from Agusan del Norte, Mindanao, Philippines [photographer, R.M. Brown]; (F) dorsolateral view of a K. pleurostigma (UK 333148) from Gunung Kunyit, Jambi, Sumatra [photographer, E.N. Smith].

FIGURE 6 in Morphology and Systematics of Kalophrynus interlineatus-pleurostigma Populations (Anura: Microhylidae: Kalophryninae) and a Taxonomy of the Genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, Asian Sticky Frogs

FIGURE 6. Burmese distribution of voucher specimens of Kalophrynus anya sp. nov. in northern Myanmar and K. interlineatus in southern and peninsular Myanmar. The three reported localities of K. orangensis are also shown; all lie within the Brahmaputra river valley. Solid circles denote specimens examined in this study; open circles are literature or unexamined museum records; and stars represent type localities of available names.

FIGURE 4 in Morphology and Systematics of Kalophrynus interlineatus-pleurostigma Populations (Anura: Microhylidae: Kalophryninae) and a Taxonomy of the Genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, Asian Sticky Frogs

FIGURE 4. General distribution of the Kalophrynus interlineatus-pleurostigma group. Solid circles denote specimens examined in this study; open circles are literature records and museum records of specimens not seen; stars represent type localities of available names. Source of the locality records are in Appendix Specimens examined section.

FIGURE 1 in Morphology and Systematics of Kalophrynus interlineatus-pleurostigma Populations (Anura: Microhylidae: Kalophryninae) and a Taxonomy of the Genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, Asian Sticky Frogs

FIGURE 1. Morphology of the glandular skin of a northern Myanmar Kalophrynus individual (USNM 537421). (A) compact, columnar macroglands comprising the skin in the dorsolateral pre-inguinal region; (B) sketch of the preceding image A to assist the identification of structures; incision is immediately below and parallel to white diagonal dorsolateral stripe; tile-like pattern on dorsal surface identifies individual macroglands, each with a single duct opening (lighter area in each tile); (C) lateral view of head and neck displaying the abrupt termination of thick glandular skin, equivalent to a supratympanic fold; (D) belly pebbly skin just anterior to pubic area; (E) white glandular epidermal patches on chest. Abbreviations: D, dorsolateral stripe; G, columns of glandular tissue; St, supratympanic fold. Scale bars equal 1 mm in figures B, D, E, and 10 mm in C.

FIG. 5 in Morphological and molecular taxonomy of Pythium monoclinum Abrinbana, Abdollahz. & Badali, sp. nov., and P. iranense, sp. nov., from Iran

FIG. 5. — Pythium monoclinum Abrinbana, Abdollahz. & Badali, sp. nov. (IRAN 16695 F, holotype): A, terminal hyphal swelling; B, intercalary hyphal swelling; C, D, monoclinous antheridia with inflated or non-inflated antheridial stalks and antheridial cells attached to oogonia; E, monoclinous antheridium originated from swollen part of oogonial stalk; F, monoclinous antheridium and intercalary oogonium with two oospores; G, intercalary oogonium provided with two onoclinous antheridia; H, diclinous antheridium and intercalary oogonium;I, sessile diclinous antheridium with constriction attached to oogonium; J, chain of ogonia and hyphal swelling; K, plerotic oospores; L, aplerotic oospore; M, peanut-shaped oospore; N, double oospore. Scale bars: A, 10 µm; B-E, 5 µm F-N, 10 µm.

FIG. 2 in Morphological and molecular taxonomy of Pythium monoclinum Abrinbana, Abdollahz. & Badali, sp. nov., and P. iranense, sp. nov., from Iran

FIG. 2.— Neighbor-joining tree of Pythium Pringsheim clades F and G species inferred from partial coxI sequences. Bayesian/maximum parsimony/neighborjoining posterior probabilities and bootstrap support values are given at the nodes. – indicates support <50% for a particular clade. Pythium minus Ali-Shtayeh (CBS 22688) from clade E was used as outgroup. Scale bar: 0.01 substitutions.

FIG. 1 in Morphological and molecular taxonomy of Pythium monoclinum Abrinbana, Abdollahz. & Badali, sp. nov., and P. iranense, sp. nov., from Iran

FIG. 1.— Neighbor-joining tree of Pythium Pringsheim clades F and G species inferred from complete ITS region sequences. Bayesian/maximum parsimony/ neighbor-joining posterior probabilities and bootstrap support values are given at the nodes. – indicates support <50% for a particular clade. Pythium minus AliShtayeh (CBS 22688) from clade E was used as outgroup. Scale bar: 0.1 substitutions.

FIG. 3 in Morphological and molecular taxonomy of Pythium monoclinum Abrinbana, Abdollahz. & Badali, sp. nov., and P. iranense, sp. nov., from Iran

FIG. 3.— Neighbor-joining tree of Pythium Pringsheim clade J1 species inferred from complete ITS region sequences. Bayesian/maximum parsimony/neighborjoining posterior probabilities and bootstrap support values are given at the nodes. – indicates support <50% for a particular clade. Phytopythium litorale (Nechw.) Abad, de Cock, Bala, Robideau, Lodhi & Lévesque (CBS 118360) was used as outgroup. Scale bar: 0.1 substitutions.

FIG. 6 in Morphological and molecular taxonomy of Pythium monoclinum Abrinbana, Abdollahz. & Badali, sp. nov., and P. iranense, sp. nov., from Iran

FIG. 6.— Pythium iranense Badali, Abrinbana & Abdollahz., sp. nov. (IRAN 16697 F, holotype): A, terminal hyphal swelling; B, monoclinous antheridium and terminal oogonium; C, two diclinous antheridia attached to oogonium; D, antheridium with wavy stalk and oogonium; E, sessile diclinous antheridium and terminal oogonium; F, antheridial cell with constriction; G, bell-shaped sessile monoclinous antheridium and terminal oogonium on short side branch; H, antheridia attached to oogonium; I, J, crowd of antheridia around oogonia; K, lateral oogonium; L, plerotic and aplerotic oospores; M, peanut-shaped oospore; N, double oospore; O, quadruple oospore; P, oogonium with three papilla; Q, R, immature oospores with projections. Scale bars: A-M, 10 µm; N-R, 5 µm.

FIGURE 12 in MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION AND TAXONOMY OF LEPIDOCOLAPTES ANGUSTIROSTRIS (VIEILLOT, 1818) (PASSERIFORMES: DENDROCOLAPTIDAE)

FIGURE 12: Distribution of the two main morphotypes in Lepidocolaptes angustirostris. The "bivittatus" (no-streaked individuals) and the "angustirostris" groups (streaked individuals). Red-lined squares: no-streaked forms; Green squares: Streaked forms.

FIGURE 5 in MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION AND TAXONOMY OF LEPIDOCOLAPTES ANGUSTIROSTRIS (VIEILLOT, 1818) (PASSERIFORMES: DENDROCOLAPTIDAE)

FIGURE 5: Distribution of ventral patterns found in Lepidocolaptes angustirostris. Orange square: Cinnamon-ochraceous; Yellow triangles: Pale yellow; White squares: Greyish-white; Blue diamonds: Greyish-white weakly streaked; Green circles: Dark brown streaked.

FIGURE 4B in MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION AND TAXONOMY OF LEPIDOCOLAPTES ANGUSTIROSTRIS (VIEILLOT, 1818) (PASSERIFORMES: DENDROCOLAPTIDAE)

FIGURE 4B: Ventral streaked patterns identified in Lepidocolaptes angustirostris. Intermediate pattern (left, MZUSP 64173, Retiro da Telha, margem direita Rio Sucurui, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil). Rufous streaked pattern (middle, MZUSP 31795, Las cañitas, Tucumán, Argentina). Dark brown streaked pattern (right, MACN 30516-30517, Alto Rio Santa Maria, Orán, Salta, Argentina).

FIGURE 2 in MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION AND TAXONOMY OF LEPIDOCOLAPTES ANGUSTIROSTRIS (VIEILLOT, 1818) (PASSERIFORMES: DENDROCOLAPTIDAE)

FIGURE 2: Dorsal patterns identified in Lepidocolaptes angustirostris. Strong brown pattern (left, MZUSP 63445, Fazenda Campos bons 38 km N. floresta, Pernambuco, Brazil). Strong brown-olive brown pattern (middle, MACN 217A, Gualeguaychu, Entre Rios, Argentina). Olive brown pattern (right, MACN 66339, Campus UNLP, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina).

FIGURE 3 in MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION AND TAXONOMY OF LEPIDOCOLAPTES ANGUSTIROSTRIS (VIEILLOT, 1818) (PASSERIFORMES: DENDROCOLAPTIDAE)

FIGURE 3: Distribution of dorsal patterns in Lepidocolaptes angustirostris. Red square: Strong brown; Blue diamond: Intermediate; Orange star: Light Olive-brown.

FIGURE 1 in MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION AND TAXONOMY OF LEPIDOCOLAPTES ANGUSTIROSTRIS (VIEILLOT, 1818) (PASSERIFORMES: DENDROCOLAPTIDAE)

FIGURE 1: Distribution specimens of Lepidocolaptes angustirostris analyzed in this study (red points) in South America.

FIGURE 4A in MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION AND TAXONOMY OF LEPIDOCOLAPTES ANGUSTIROSTRIS (VIEILLOT, 1818) (PASSERIFORMES: DENDROCOLAPTIDAE)

FIGURE 4A: Ventral, unstreaked patterns identified in Lepidocolaptes angustirostris. Cinnamon-ochraceous pattern (left, MZUSP 63445, Fazenda Campos bons 38 km N. floresta, Pernambuco, Brazil). Pale yellow pattern (middle, MZUSP 77726, Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões, Piauí, Brazil). Greyish-white pattern (right, MZUSP 29879, Rio Arica, Mato Grosso, Brazil).

FIGURE 6 in MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION AND TAXONOMY OF LEPIDOCOLAPTES ANGUSTIROSTRIS (VIEILLOT, 1818) (PASSERIFORMES: DENDROCOLAPTIDAE)

FIGURE 6: Ventral patterns in the PCA analysis. Division between unstreaked and streaked populations, confidence level: 0.95.