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opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Lichen biodiversity and ecology in the San Bernardino and San Jacinto Mountains in southern California (U.S.A.)

San Bernardino National Forest in southern California encompasses two major mountain ranges, the San Bernardino Mountains and the San Jacinto Mountains. Here 414 taxa of lichenized fungi are reported from San Bernardino National Forest as a whole; 327 from the San Jacinto Mountains (including the Santa Rosa Mountains), and 289 from the San Bernardino Mountains. Two species new to science are described: Lecanora remota and Lecidea stratura. Two undescribed taxa of Bellemerea and Scytinium are reported, both currently under study. Five species are reported new for North America and California: Gloeoheppia rugosa, Lecanora formosa, Peccania cernohorskyi, P. corallina and Psorotichia vermiculata. Peccania cernohorskyi is also reported new for Canada (British Columbia). Eight species are reported new for California: Caloplaca diphasia, C. isidiigera, Peltigera extenuata, Rhizocarpon simillimum, Rinodina lobulata, R. terrestris, Sarcogyne squamosa, and Xylographa difformis. Lecidea xanthococcoides is recognized as a synonym of Lecanora cadubriae. The California endemic Lecidea kingmanii is reported as producing 4-0-demethylplanaic acid. Polysporina simplex is treated as Acarospora simplex and P. urceolata as A. urceolata. The new combination Acarospora gyrocarpa is proposed for Polysporina gyrocarpa.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Diversifying in the mountains: spatio-temporal diversification of frogs in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot

Mountain ranges are hotspots of biodiversity. However, the mechanisms that generate biodiversity patterns in different mountainous regions and taxa are not apparent. The Western Ghats (WG) escarpment in India is a globally recognised biodiversity hotspot with high species richness and endemism. Most studies have either invoked paleoclimatic conditions or climatic stability in the southern WG refugium to explain this high diversity and endemism. However, the factors driving macroevolutionary change remain unexplored for most taxa. Here, we generated the most comprehensive dated phylogeny to date for ranoid frogs in the WG and tested the role of paleoclimatic events or climatic stability in influencing frog diversification. We found that the diversity of different ranoid frog clades in the WG either accumulated at a constant rate through time or underwent a decrease in speciation rates around 3–2.5 Ma during the Pleistocene glaciation cycles. We also find no significant difference in diversification rate estimates across elevational gradients and the three broad biogeographic zones in the WG (northern, central, and southern WG). However, time-for-speciation explained regional species richness within clades, wherein older lineages have more extant species diversity. Overall, we find that global paleoclimatic events have had little impact on WG frog diversification throughout most of its early history until the Quaternary and that the WG may have been climatically stable allowing lineages to accumulate and persist over evolutionary time.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

The occurrence data of wild apple in the Mountains of Central Asia Biodiversity Hotspot

To obtain high-quality occurrence records for wild apple across its whole distribution range, we compiled data from field surveys, herbariums and the literature. The field surveys were conducted in all of the countries with wild apple distribution in Central Asia. Precisely, we had several exhaustive investigations of wild apple populations in Xinjiang, China from 2008 to 2021, including distribution range and abundance of wild apple across its whole elevational ranges in six counties. For herbarium data, we combined the records from Global Biodiversity Information Facility and Chinese Virtual Herbarium. Finally, we obtained 8344 occurrence records for wild apple.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

Fig. 4 in Amphibian diversity of a West African biodiversity hotspot: an assessment and commented checklist of the batrachofauna of the Ivorian part of the Nimba Mountains

Fig. 4. Lower to mid-elevation dense, evergreen forest (habitat C) at 847 m asl.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

Fig. 3 in Amphibian diversity of a West African biodiversity hotspot: an assessment and commented checklist of the batrachofauna of the Ivorian part of the Nimba Mountains

Fig. 3. Mid-elevation savannah (habitat B).

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

Fig. 2 in Amphibian diversity of a West African biodiversity hotspot: an assessment and commented checklist of the batrachofauna of the Ivorian part of the Nimba Mountains

Fig. 2. Montane grasslands (habitat A) at 1,241 m asl.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Taking stock of climate-driven risks to mountain biodiversity

Mountain biodiversity is rapidly reorganizing as species migrate upslope to track climate warming. Despite the potential threats of mountaintop extirpation, range shift gaps, and lowland biodiversity attrition, empirical evidence of these risks remains scarce. We analyzed 8,800 records of historical and modern elevational range limits for 440 animals and 1,629 plant species and found that the risk of mountaintop extirpation did not exceed random expectations. Upper limits expanded for species with narrow ranges or lowland affinities, but lower limits showed little contraction, implying scant risk to date of these threats, even in the tropics. Yet the predominance of upslope expansion combined with delayed mountaintop extirpations points to a biotic homogenization, which may profoundly alter biotic interactions in mountain ecosystems with increasing warming.

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

Figure 3 in Shar Mountain National Park (R. North Macedonia) - shelter for caddisfly biodiversity in the country

Figure 3. Male genitalia of Crunoecia bosniaca a) lateral view b) ventral view c) dorsal view.

Fig. 19 in Biodiversity evolution through the Permian-Triassic boundary event: Ostracods from the Bükk Mountains, Hungary

Fig. 19. Height/length diagram of Eumiraculum desmaresae Forel sp. nov.

Fig. 8 in Biodiversity evolution through the Permian-Triassic boundary event: Ostracods from the Bükk Mountains, Hungary

Fig. 8. Height/length diagram of Bairdia davehornei Forel sp. nov.

Fig. 5 in Biodiversity evolution through the Permian-Triassic boundary event: Ostracods from the Bükk Mountains, Hungary

Fig. 5. Height/length diagram of Langdaia bullabalvanyensis Crasquin sp. nov.

Fig. 3 in Biodiversity evolution through the Permian-Triassic boundary event: Ostracods from the Bükk Mountains, Hungary

Fig. 3. Height/length diagram of Reviya praecurukensis Forel sp. nov.

Fig. 14 in Biodiversity evolution through the Permian-Triassic boundary event: Ostracods from the Bükk Mountains, Hungary

Fig. 14. Height/length diagram of Cytherellina? magyarorszagensis Forel sp. nov.

Fig. 7 in Biodiversity evolution through the Permian-Triassic boundary event: Ostracods from the Bükk Mountains, Hungary

Fig. 7. Height/length diagram of Bairdia anisongae Forel sp. nov.

Fig. 11 in Biodiversity evolution through the Permian-Triassic boundary event: Ostracods from the Bükk Mountains, Hungary

Fig. 11. Height/length diagram of Liuzhinia venninae Forel sp. nov.

Fig. 17 in Biodiversity evolution through the Permian-Triassic boundary event: Ostracods from the Bükk Mountains, Hungary

Fig. 17. Height/length diagram of Callicythere? balvanyseptentrioensis Forel sp. nov.

Fig. 13 in Biodiversity evolution through the Permian-Triassic boundary event: Ostracods from the Bükk Mountains, Hungary

Fig. 13. Height/length diagram of Hungarella gerennavarensis Crasquin sp. nov.

Fig. 16 in Biodiversity evolution through the Permian-Triassic boundary event: Ostracods from the Bükk Mountains, Hungary

Fig. 16. Height/length diagram of Microcheilinella egerensis Forel sp. nov.