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Fig. 2 in Mimusops coriacea (A. DC.) Miq. (Sapotaceae): nomenclature, distribution and ecology

Fig. 2. – Natural range of Mimusops coriacea (A. DC.) Miq. in Madagascar, plotted on HUMBERT (1955) map of phytogeographical domains (102 specimens georeferenced with <5 km incertainity).

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Fig. 3 in Mimusops coriacea (A. DC.) Miq. (Sapotaceae): nomenclature, distribution and ecology

Fig. 3. – Phenology of Mimusops coriacea (A. DC.) Miq. in Madagascar (number of specimens having flower buds, flowers, young fruits or fruits per month)

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Fig. 1 in Mimusops coriacea (A. DC.) Miq. (Sapotaceae): nomenclature, distribution and ecology

Fig. 1. – Mimusops coriacea (A. DC.) Miq. A. In fruit near Masoala, Eastern Madagascar; B. Flower in Orangea, ntsiranana. [Photo: A: L. Gautier; B: R. Randrianaivo]

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Fig. 5 in Typification and nomenclature of the western Indian Ocean islands ferns and lycophytes described in Linnaeus filius's Supplementum plantarum

Fig. 5. – Lectotype of Asplenium daucifolium Lam. in MPU. [© Université de Montpellier – Herbier MPU (SPH)]

Fig. 6 in The discovery and naming of Papaver orientale s.l. (Papaveraceae) with notes on its nomenclature and early cultivation

Fig. 6. – Papaver pseudo-orientale (Fedde) Medw. Specimen cultivated in the Berlin Botanic Garden raised from seed collected in Turkey, A8 Artvin, KaÇkar Daglari, 2150 m. [G. Parolly 7394, Acc. nº AKZ 197-30-00-10] [Photo: G. Parolly, 17.VI.2014]

Fig. 5. –Papaver orientale L in The discovery and naming of Papaver orientale s.l. (Papaveraceae) with notes on its nomenclature and early cultivation

Fig. 5. –Papaver orientale L. Specimen cultivated in the Berlin Botanic Garden raised from seeds received from the MNHN Paris which had been collected in Turkey, Kars Province, Subatan, on calcareous scree. [Acc. nº AKZ 048-35-09-14] [Photo: G. Parolly, 26.V. 2016]

Fig. 4 in The discovery and naming of Papaver orientale s.l. (Papaveraceae) with notes on its nomenclature and early cultivation

Fig. 4. – Papaver bracteatum Lindl. Specimen cultivated in the Berlin Botanic Garden raised from seeds received from the Marburg Botanical Garden which had been collected in Iran, Prov. Mazandaran, Elburz Mountains, Lar Valley, c. 2300 m. [Acc. nº AKZ 078-10-12-40] [Photo: G. Parolly, 26.V.2016]

Fig. 2. – Papaver orientale L in The discovery and naming of Papaver orientale s.l. (Papaveraceae) with notes on its nomenclature and early cultivation

Fig. 2. – Papaver orientale L. Copper engraving by Pieter Sluyter based on an anonymous drawing. [from the 1716 reissue of COMMELIN, 1706: tab. 34; © Library of the Real Jardín Botánico Madrid (CSIC)]

FIG. 15 in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)

FIG. 15. — Emys orbicularis Linnaeus, 1758 (young). Both the colour and the long pointed tail may explain the Roman name mus (lit. "mouse"). Photo credit: Katya (CC BY-SA 2.0).

FIG. 11 in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)

FIG. 11. — Some of the most popular ostrea (externally shelled molluscs). A, a date mussel (balanus); B, a mussel (musculus – also myax or mitulus); C, a scallop (pectunculus); D, a spiny dye murex (murex or purpura). Detail from a Roman mosaic from Pompeii, 1st century CE (Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Napoli; photo credit: A. Guasparri).

FIG. 7 in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)

FIG. 7. — Two mollia (cephalopods), i.e. a sepia (bottom, left) and a polypus (center). Detail from a mosaic in Herculaneum (female thermae floor), Ist century CE. Photo credit: A. Guasparri.

FIG. 10 in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)

FIG. 10. — The Roman folk-taxonomy of conchylium2 (i.e. mostly, our externally shelled molluscs). Abbreviations: LF, life-form; LF1+, sublife-form exceeding LF level by one more level; LF2+, sublife-form exceeding LF level by two more levels; LF3+, sublife-form exceeding LF level by three more levels; INT, intermediate;FG, folkgeneric; FS, folk-specific. Symbols: *, prototypical; /, synonymy; (…), ethnotaxonomic ascription only presumed, due to lack of explicit statements in the sources; + (superscript), multiple ethnotaxonomic ascription due to different statements in the sources;?, presumed folk taxon. See each entry in Appendix 1 for details.

FIG. 5 in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)

FIG. 5. — Channe (comber). The one depicted is Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758), the painted comber. Detail from a Roman mosaic from Pompeii, 1st century CE (Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Napoli; photo credit: A. Guasparri).

FIG. 2. — A in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)

FIG. 2. — A sparulus (Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758)), with its "shining golden nape" (Ovid). Photo credit: Waelbi (CC BY-SA 3.0).

FIG. 1 in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)

FIG. 1. – Lat. gladius (above) with a detail of the bill (below), i.e. the "referential constraint" encoded in the descriptive name (lit. "sword"). Engraving from Salviani (1554: pl. 39).

FIG. 9. — A in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)

FIG. 9. — A Roman lacertus (in the foreground). The one depicted is a Scomber sp. (Atlantic mackerel). Detail from a Roman mosaic from Pompeii, 1st century CE (Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Napoli; photo credit: A. Guasparri).

FIG. 14 in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)

FIG. 14. — The Roman folk-taxonomy of aquatic turtles (mus2, testudo). Abbreviations: FK, folk kingdom; INT, intermediate; FG, folk-generic; FS, folk-specific. Symbols: *, prototypical; /, synonymy; (…), ethnotaxonomic ascription only presumed, due to lack of explicit statements in the sources; […], not in the checklist inasmuch as non-aquatic. See each entry in Appendix 1 for details.

FIG. 17 in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)

FIG. 17. — The Roman folk-taxonomy of cete/beluae marinae (lit. "marine beasts"), which comprises various marine animals. Abbreviations: FK, folk kingdom; LF, life-form; FG, folk-generic. Symbols: *, prototypical; /, synonymy; (…), ethnotaxonomic ascription only presumed, due to lack of explicit statements in the sources. See each entry in Appendix 1 for details.

FIG. 13. — A in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)

FIG. 13. — A spiny lobster (locusta), with some externally shelled molluscs: A, a mussel (musculus); B, clams (chemae); C, spiny dye murices (murices or purpurae). Fresco from Herculaneum, 1st century CE (Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Napoli; photo credits: A. Guaspari).

FIG. 16. — A in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)

FIG. 16. — A, European pond turtle Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758); B, Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1861). Photo credits: Katya, CC BY-SA 2.0 (A); Claudia Lombard, CC BY 2.0 (B).