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Figure 2 from: Zograf JK, Semenchenko AA, Mordukhovich VV (2024) New deep-sea species of Aborjinia (Nematoda, Leptosomatidae) from the North-Western Pacific: an integrative taxonomy and phylogeny. ZooKeys 1189: 231-256. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.111825

Figure 2 Examined species of Aborjinia, entire bodies, light microscopy AAborjinia sp., female (assembled panorama) BTerebelus sp. with juvenile of Aborjinia sp. CAborjinia profunda sp. nov., male. Scale bars: 5000 µm.

Figure 8 from: Zograf JK, Semenchenko AA, Mordukhovich VV (2024) New deep-sea species of Aborjinia (Nematoda, Leptosomatidae) from the North-Western Pacific: an integrative taxonomy and phylogeny. ZooKeys 1189: 231-256. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.111825

Figure 8 Light microscopy, DIC. Aborjinia sp., female A anterior end B head C anterior end with cephalic sensilla D tail end with spinneret E pharynx-intestine connection F cellular bodies of the cervical excretory gland G ovary H vulva region. Abbreviation: c.e.g. – cervical excretory gland, h.s. – cephalic sensilla; i – intestine, o – ovary, o.l.s. – outer labial sensilla, ph – pharynx, v – vulva. Scale bars: 50 μm (C); 100 μm (D); 500 µm (A, B, E, F–H).

Figure 10 from: Zograf JK, Semenchenko AA, Mordukhovich VV (2024) New deep-sea species of Aborjinia (Nematoda, Leptosomatidae) from the North-Western Pacific: an integrative taxonomy and phylogeny. ZooKeys 1189: 231-256. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.111825

Figure 10 Bayesian phylogeny of the family Leptosomatidae, using concatenated 18S and 28S rDNA and SYM+ G model of nucleotide substitution. Enoplus sp. (Enoplidae) and Phanodermatidae gen. sp. were used as outgroup to root tree. Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) are given above tree nodes and bootstrap support values found in the ML analysis are shown below nodes. Specimens obtained in this study are in bold.

Figure 6 from: Zograf JK, Semenchenko AA, Mordukhovich VV (2024) New deep-sea species of Aborjinia (Nematoda, Leptosomatidae) from the North-Western Pacific: an integrative taxonomy and phylogeny. ZooKeys 1189: 231-256. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.111825

Figure 6 Aborjinia profunda sp. nov. SEMA anterior end of male B head of the male C amphideal fovea D posterior end of the male E spicules protruding from cloacal opening F spicules G tail tip with spinneret opening. Scale bars: 2 µm (C); 20 µm (B, D, E, F, G); 100 µm (A).

Figure 5 from: Zograf JK, Semenchenko AA, Mordukhovich VV (2024) New deep-sea species of Aborjinia (Nematoda, Leptosomatidae) from the North-Western Pacific: an integrative taxonomy and phylogeny. ZooKeys 1189: 231-256. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.111825

Figure 5 Aborjinia profunda sp. nov. Light microphotographs of transverse sections A buccal cavity at the upper level of the head (h) B buccal cavity surrounded with pharyngeal glands C pharyngeal region tightly filled with pharyngeal glands bodies D midbody with intestine and gonad E posterior region at the level of distal part of spicules F posterior region close to cloacal opening. Abbreviation: bc – buccal cavity, c – cloaca, cu – cuticle, gc – germinal cells, h – heilostoma, i – intestine, lc – lateral chords, pg – pharyngeal glands, s – spicules, vc – ventral chords. Scale bars: 20 µm (A–C); 50 µm (E, F); 100 µm (D).

Figure 4 from: Zograf JK, Semenchenko AA, Mordukhovich VV (2024) New deep-sea species of Aborjinia (Nematoda, Leptosomatidae) from the North-Western Pacific: an integrative taxonomy and phylogeny. ZooKeys 1189: 231-256. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.111825

Figure 4 Aborjinia profunda sp. nov., male. Light microscopy, DIC A–C head D, E cellular bodies of the cervical excretory gland F crystalloid bodies G, H posterior end region I the vesicula seminalis region. Abbreviations: a – amphid, a.t. – anterior testis, c.s. – cephalic sensillum, c.e.g. – cervical excretory gland, n.r. – nerve ring, p.t. – posterior testis, s. – spinneret, sp. – spicules, vd – vas deferens. Scale bars: 50 µm.

Figure 4 from: Lau Y, Stokvis F, van Ofwegen L, Reimer J (2018) Stolonifera from shallow waters in the north-western Pacific: a description of a new genus and two new species within the Arulidae (Anthozoa, Octocorallia). ZooKeys 790: 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.790.28875

Figure 4 Hanahanataba, holotype, ROR171225-01: a anthocodial rods b capstans of calyx c pieces of fused table-radiates of stolon d table-radiates of calyx.

Figure 2 from: Lau Y, Stokvis F, van Ofwegen L, Reimer J (2018) Stolonifera from shallow waters in the north-western Pacific: a description of a new genus and two new species within the Arulidae (Anthozoa, Octocorallia). ZooKeys 790: 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.790.28875

Figure 2 In situ photographs of examined Hana specimens from Okinawa, aHanahanagasa, holotype, OKA170711-15 and bHanahanagasa, paratype, OKA170711-06; Palau cHanahanataba holotype, ROR171225-01 and dHanahanataba, paratype, ROR171226-03; Dongsha eHanahanataba, paratype, DSX180320-1-01 and fHanahanataba, paratype, DSX180324-3-15 g specimen BKI180320-2-10, an arulid photographed in Tunku Abdul Rahman Park, Sabah, Malaysia hHanahanagasa, holotype, OKA170711-15, colony preserved in ethanol. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 1 from: Lau Y, Stokvis F, van Ofwegen L, Reimer J (2018) Stolonifera from shallow waters in the north-western Pacific: a description of a new genus and two new species within the Arulidae (Anthozoa, Octocorallia). ZooKeys 790: 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.790.28875

Figure 1 Map of sampling sites at three locations in the north western Pacific; a Okinawa Island (Japan) b Dongsha Atoll (Taiwan); and c Palau.

Figure 3 from: Lau Y, Stokvis F, van Ofwegen L, Reimer J (2018) Stolonifera from shallow waters in the north-western Pacific: a description of a new genus and two new species within the Arulidae (Anthozoa, Octocorallia). ZooKeys 790: 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.790.28875

Figure 3 Hanahanagasa, holotype, OKA170711-15: a anthocodial rods b 6-radiates of calyx c table-radiates of calyx d pieces of fused table-radiates of stolon.

Figure 5 from: Lau Y, Stokvis F, van Ofwegen L, Reimer J (2018) Stolonifera from shallow waters in the north-western Pacific: a description of a new genus and two new species within the Arulidae (Anthozoa, Octocorallia). ZooKeys 790: 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.790.28875

Figure 5 Phylogenetic reconstruction for arulid specimens from Okinawa Island (OKA), Palau (ROR), Dongsha Atoll (DSX), arulid reference taxa (Arulapetunia) and outgroup sister taxa (Paratelesto sp. and Rhodelinda sp.) using the combined COI+mtMutS+28S rDNA dataset. The best maximum likelihood tree is shown, with values at branches representing bootstrap probabilities (>50%) and posterior probabilities from the Bayesian inference analysis (>0.50), respectively. Sclerites unique to Hanahanagasa and Hanahanataba are shown and typical table radiates found in the family Arulidae are shown for the genus Arula.

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dryad28/100

Phylogeography of Meimuna cicadas on continental and oceanic islands of Japan in the north-western Pacific region

Islands are a challenging habitat for organisms with weak dispersal power. We aimed to elucidate how geological history, geography, accidental dispersal events and species ecology affected different colonisation and genetic divergence patterns on continental and oceanic islands among species of a cicada group, which are poor dispersers. Location: Japanese Archipelago, Ogasawara Islands, Ryukyu Archipelago. Taxon: Cicadas of the genus Meimuna (Hemiptera: Cicadidae). We performed phylogenetic analysis, divergence time estimation, and ancestral area reconstruction using two mitochondrial and four nuclear gene sequences and population genetics analyses, including Bayesian skyline plotting using a mitochondrial gene sequence. Meimuna opalifera in the Japanese Archipelago, which was connected to the continent during the glacial periods, diverged from the continental populations 0.4 million years ago (Ma). In the Ryukyu Archipelago, which became disconnected from the continent earlier, two endemic species M. kuroiwae and M. oshimensis diverged 2.5 Ma; these species showed differences in intraspecific genetic differentiation and range expansion. Furthermore, M. iwasakiicolonised the South Ryukyus from Taiwan Island later than 1.4 Ma, whereas M. boninensis, which is endemic to the oceanic Ogasawara Islands, diverged from M. kuroiwae in the Middle Ryukyus 1.4 Ma. Genetic divergence among Meimuna species was larger on the continental islands that disconnected earlier, as was expected from the geological history of the islands. However, the pattern of intraspecific genetic differentiation differed between species within the same island region, possibly due to their ecological characteristics. In addition, colonisation of oceanic islands was achieved by long-distance (possibly wind-borne) dispersal from the continental islands. Thus, the formation of island cicada fauna was affected by islands' geological history and species' ecological characteristics, as well as accidental long-distance dispersal events.

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Phylogeography of Meimuna cicadas on continental and oceanic islands of Japan in the north-western Pacific region

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FIGURE 12 in Two new species of holothurians of the genus Echinopsolus Gutt, 1990 (Echinodermata: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae) from the North-Western Pacific

FIGURE 12. Echinopsolus onekotanensis. Ossicles of the tube feet: A—globules, B—perforated plates, C—multi-layered mesh-like plates.

FIGURE 11 in Two new species of holothurians of the genus Echinopsolus Gutt, 1990 (Echinodermata: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae) from the North-Western Pacific

FIGURE 11. Echinopsolus onekotanensis. Scanning electron microscope images of ossicles of the tentacles: A, B, C—flat perforated plates, E, F, G, I—curved perforated plates, D—multi-layered mesh-like plates, H—cross.

FIGURE 10 in Two new species of holothurians of the genus Echinopsolus Gutt, 1990 (Echinodermata: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae) from the North-Western Pacific

FIGURE 10. Echinopsolus onekotanensis. Scanning electron microscope images of ossicles of the ventral body wall: A, D, F—globules, B—perforated plates, C—baskets, E—cross.

FIGURE 7 in Two new species of holothurians of the genus Echinopsolus Gutt, 1990 (Echinodermata: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae) from the North-Western Pacific

FIGURE 7. Echinopsolus onekotanensis. Segments of the calcareous ring (R—radial segment, IR—interradial segment). Dotted line—attachment of retractor.

FIGURE 6 in Two new species of holothurians of the genus Echinopsolus Gutt, 1990 (Echinodermata: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae) from the North-Western Pacific

FIGURE 6. Echinopsolus onekotanensis: A—side view, B—top view, C—ventral view (Photo of K.E. Sanamyan).

FIGURE 3 in Two new species of holothurians of the genus Echinopsolus Gutt, 1990 (Echinodermata: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae) from the North-Western Pacific

FIGURE 3. Echinopsolus sanamyanorum: A, B—ossicles of ventral body wall, C—end plate of the tube feet.

FIGURE 1 in Two new species of holothurians of the genus Echinopsolus Gutt, 1990 (Echinodermata: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae) from the North-Western Pacific

FIGURE 1. Echinopsolus sanamyanorum: A—side view, B—top view, C—ventral view (Photo by K.E. Sanamyan).