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1,768 results for “nutrient”
Nutrient mineralization from green leaves in litterbags of three mesh sizes in the LUQ-LTER Canopy Trimming 2 Experiment
Hurricanes generate disturbances in forests that alter physicochemical characteristics of the habitat by opening the canopy and depositing fresh wood and leaves. Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of simulated hurricane driven changes to nutrient fluxes from litter to soil immediately following canopy disturbance. This study used three complete replicated blocks with two canopy treatments, control and trim+debris. Measurements were made in three 5 x 5 m subplots within 20 x 20 m plots nested in the 30 x 30 m treatment areas. Anion and cation resin membranes were inserted into the fermentation layer at the litter-soil interface and retrieved after one week. The measurement intervals were 2-4 weeks before canopy trimming, 0-1, 1-2, 2-3 and 4-5 weeks after trimming. Nutrient mineralization differed significantly between control and trim+detritus. Total N and P fluxes occurred at 4-5 weeks after canopy trimming. Litter decomposition depends primarily on the interaction among climate, litter quality and biota, so consequently any change in habitat will result in changes in these factors. Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of hurricane driven changes to forests on green litter decomposition, invertebrate communities and nutrient mineralization. This study used three complete replicated blocks with two canopy treatments, control and trim+debris. Measurements were made in three 5 x 5 m subplots within 20 x 20 m plots nested in the 30 x 30 m treatment areas. Green leaves were enclosed in litterbags of three different mesh sizes in each subplot. Litterbags were retrieved after 21, 35, 84 and 168 days; decomposer fauna was extracted and identified, mineralized nutrients were measured using ion resin membranes, and weight loss was determined. Arthropod abundance differed significantly through time. In addition, the number of arthropod taxonomic groups and nutrient mineralization differed significantly between control and trim+detritus, and nutrient mineralizat
Dissolved inorganic nutrients from NES-LTER Transect cruises, including 4 macro-nutrients from water column bottle samples, ongoing since 2017
Dissolved inorganic nutrients are measured from water column bottle samples taken on NES-LTER Transect cruises (ongoing since 2017) and include nitrate + nitrite, ammonium, silicate, and phosphate. Sampling frequency is approximately seasonal. Samples were filtered, frozen, then processed at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's Nutrient Analytical Facility. Each sample may have up to 2 replicates, indicated by a or b in the data table. These macro-nutrients are analyzed in seawater using a colorimetric assay in which light absorbance is measured versus known standards, and final concentrations are calculated in micromole per liter. Some of the data are from cruises in collaboration with the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI).
Shrub influence on soil moisture, nutrients, temperature and species composition, 2019 - 2020.
Shrubification, the expansion and densification of shrubs, is occurring in arctic and alpine zones across the globe (Myers-Smith et al., 2011). This alteration is primarily driven by warming temperatures (Elmendorf et al., 2012b, 2012a), and can have major consequences for the existing vegetation (Anthelme et al., 2007; Pajunen et al., 2011; Venn et al., 2014) and for nutrient pools (Sturm et al., 2005; DeMarco et al., 2014) due to the abiotic and biotic effects of shrubs. Shrubs accumulate snow which insulates the ground during the winter and provides more moisture later in the season (Liston et al., 2002). During the summer, shrubs provide shade and wind protection. Additionally, shrubs can increase the soil nitrogen (N) pool through their high input of plant material into the soil (DeMarco et al., 2014). These small-scale climatic and soil alterations have important consequences for plant community dynamics in the arctic and alpine. References: Anthelme, F., Villaret, J.-C., and Brun, J.-J., 2007: Shrub encroachment in the Alps gives rise to the convergence of sub-alpine communities on a regional scale. Journal of Vegetation Science, 18(3):355–362. DeMarco, J., Mack, M. C., and Bret-Harte, M. S., 2014: Effects of arctic shrub expansion on biophysical vs . biogeochemical drivers of litter decomposition. Ecological Society of America, 95(7):1861–1875. Elmendorf, S. C., Henry, G. H. R., Hollister, R. D., Björk, R. G., Bjorkman, A. D., Callaghan, T. V., Collier, L. S., Cooper, E. J., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Day, T. A., Fosaa, A. M., Gould, W. A., Grétarsdóttir, J., Harte, J., Hermanutz, L., Hik, D. S., Hofgaard, A., Jarrad, F., Jónsdóttir, I. S., Keuper, F., Klanderud, K., Klein, J. A., Koh, S., Kudo, G., Lang, S. I., Loewen, V., May, J. L., Mercado, J., Michelsen, A., Molau, U., Myers-Smith, I. H., Oberbauer, S. F., Pieper, S., Post, E., Rixen, C., Robinson, C. H., Schmidt, N. M., Shaver, G. R., Stenström, A., Tolvanen, A., Totland, Ø., Troxler, T., Wahren, C. H
Plant root simulator nutrient availability data in the black sand extended growing season experiment, 2018 - 2020.
As a result of climate change, the Rocky Mountain Front Range is experiencing warmer summers and earlier snowmelt. Due to the importance of snow for regulating soil temperature, growing season length, and available moisture in alpine ecosystems, even small shifts in the snow-free period could have large impacts. The focus of the Black Sand Extended Growing Season Length Experiment is to examine how terrain-related differences in climate exposure influence the way alpine habitats respond to climate change via earlier snowmelt. To simulate how climate exposure may affect plant communities, NWT LTER researchers established 5 experimental sites, each containing a pair 10 x 40m rectangular plots. These sites include north and south facing aspects, subalpine and alpine tundra meadows and a range of hydrological conditions (e.g. dry meadows, moist meadows, wet meadows). We accelerated snowmelt in one plot at each site by adding chemically inert black sand, while keeping the second plot as an unmanipulated control; black sand was added to control plots after snow had naturally melted. We used open top warming chambers (OTCs) to increase summer temperature in three subplots within each of the 10 x 40 m plots. This dataset includes plant nutrient availability as measured using plant root simulator probes.
Annual nutrient loading and yield to Plum Island Estuary, as measured at the Ipswich and Parker Dams
Nutrient concentrations for various forms of N, P, C, as well as suspended sediments, are determined from monthly grab samples taken at the Ipswich and Parker dams. These nutrient concentrations are then used in conjunction with USGS discharge data (recorded at gages in the Parker River at Byfield, MA and the Ipswich River at Ipswich, MA) to calculate annual nutrient loading to the Estuary, coming over each dam. Annual yield is also calculated for both dams.
Porewater nutrient concentrations from control plots and fertilized plots at Spartina alterniflora, S.patens and Typha sp. marshes, Plum Island Ecosystem LTER, MA (1999-2025).
Porewater samples from five marsh locations in the Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) LTER site were collected and analyzed for salinity as well as ammonium, phosphate, sulfide and chloride concentrations throughout the growing season. Three sites (a Typha-dominated brackish marsh, a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh, and a S. patens-dominated salt marsh) are part of a long term study, and include fertilized and non-fertilized sample plots. Two additional, non-fertilized marsh sites, are located on Nelson Island, near Stackyard Road within the Parker River National Wildlife Refuge.
PIE LTER marsh sediment porewater nutrient concentrations from Spartina sp. and Typha sp. sites along the Parker River and Rowley River, MA.
Marsh sediment porewater nutrient concentrations [NH4+, NO3-, DOC, TDN, H2S] and salinity are reported from Spartina sp. and Typha sp. sites along the Parker and Rowley Rivers, MA. Porewater peeper poles are used for collection and the poles are located in the vicinity of the marsh water table sites for the Railroad, Typha, Shad and Nelson sites.
Crab Burrows, Soil Nutrients, and Spartina alterniflora : organic content in Brownsville, VA 1992
The effect of Crab Burrows on Soil Nutrients and Spartina alterniflora by Winli Lin This study investigated the effects of fiddler crab (Uca pugnax) burrows on soil nutrients and the marsh grass Spartina alterniflora. Tall-form Spartina alterniflora (1-2m tall) typically dominates the marsh area that is flooded daily by tides. The short-form S. alterniflora(<0.5m tall) generally occupies the higher tidal heights (Bertness 1985). These short-form S. alterniflora are charterized by reduced soil drainage (Mendelssohn and Senecs 1980; Howes et al. 1981; Mendelssohn et al. 1981) and increased soil sulfide levels (King et al. 1982). From comparing control areas devoid of burrrows to those with burrows added, an increase in above-ground Spartina alterniflora production has been observed along with an increase of soil drainage rates and redox potential levels (Bertness 1985). Others have looked at how nutrient availability (Mendelssohn 1979) and sulfide accumulation (King et al. 1982; Howarth and Giblin 1983) may be the primary limiting factors controlling the production and success of S. alterniflora. While soil water movement has been shown to influence the soil parameters, (i.e., sulfide concentration and redox potential) that directly affect cordgrass production (King et al. 1982; Koch et al. 1990), little has been studied on how biotic modifications, such as crab burrows, mediate these physical factors. The Uca pugnax, are burrowing deposit-feeders that excavate and maintain semi-permanent burrows in the marsh surface. They have been found to not only oxygenate marsh soils (Howes et al 1981) and modify sediment meiofaunal abundance, they could also provide a suitable environment for continued burrowing and, as a byproduct, increase the marsh grass production and maintain the tall-form S. alterniflora. Uca pugnax, the mud fiddler crab, is the dominant form of crab seen in Brownsville, VA. Their burrows are primarily restricted to areas of tall-form S. alterniflora, due
Atmospheric deposition fields of nutrients (N, Fe, and P)
<p>Past (1850), present (2010), and future projected (2010) atmospheric nutrient deposition data used in PISCES simulations for the publication: Myriokefalitakis, S., Gröger, M., Hieronymus, J., and Döscher, R.: An explicit estimate of the atmospheric nutrient impact on global oceanic productivity, Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2020-27, in review, 2020.</p>
Net community production, nutrients, and hydrographic parameters in the South China Sea in summer 2017
<p>In summer, the Vietnam Offshore Current (VOC) and the Kuroshio intrusion are two important processes provoking considerable environmental fluctuations in the South China Sea (SCS). Net community production (NCP) is an important proxy of biological pump strength and can be estimated based on the dissolved oxygen to argon ratio (O<sub>2</sub>/Ar) in the mixed layer. To determine the influence of the VOC and Kuroshio intrusion on the NCP in the oligotrophic SCS, we conducted high-resolution underway measurements of O<sub>2</sub>/Ar and hydrographic parameters using membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS, HPR-40, Hiden, UK) and multi-parameter water quality logger (RBR Maestro, Canada) during the cruise in the northeastern SCS in summer 2017. NCP in the mixed layer was estimated using the supersaturation of O<sub>2</sub>/Ar (Delta O<sub>2</sub>/Ar) and gas transfer velocity (k). All the underway observation data were compiled into the 5-min interval. To monitor the nutritive fluctuations induced by the VOC and Kuroshio intrusion, we also collected surface water samples from Niskin bottles at sampling stations for the nutrients analysis; the nutrients were then determined by an auto-analyzer. We divided the cruise into three phases (Phase 1, 2, and 3); Phase 1 was dominated by the Kuroshio intrusion, while Phase 3 was influenced by the VOC. Because the upwelling driven by cyclonic eddies and typhoons could introduce considerable uncertainties to the NCP result, we excluded the data obtained in the upwelling regions.</p>
Output files corresponding to "Direct groundwater discharge and vulnerability to hidden nutrient loads along the Great Lakes coast of the United States"
<p>This dataset corresponds to the output files that were produced for the study reported in:</p> <p>Knights, Deon, Kevin C. Parks, Audrey H. Sawyer, Cédric H. David, Trevor N. Browning, Kelsey M. Danner, and Corey D. Wallace, (2017), Direct groundwater discharge and vulnerability to hidden nutrient loads along the Great Lakes coast of the United States, <em>Journal of Hydrology,</em> 554, 331-341</p> <p><strong>Data sources</strong></p> <p>The following sources were used to produce files in this dataset:</p> <ul> <li>The National Hydrography Dataset Plus (NHDPlus) Version 2, obtained from http://www.horizon-systems.com/nhdplus/NHDplusV2_data.php. Region used is: Great Lakes (04)</li> <li>The second phase of the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS2), obtained from ftp://hydro1.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/s4pa/NLDAS. Model outputs used are: NLDAS_MOS0125_MC.002, NLDAS_NOAH0125_MC.002, and NLDAS_VIC0125_MC.002.</li> <li>The United States 2011 National Land Cover Database (NLCD 2011), obtained from: http://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd2011.php.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Description of files</strong></p> <p>The files in this dataset contain are described below:</p> <ul> <li><em>Flowlines</em>: This folder contains a shapefile (<em>GL_coastcatchment_NHDflowline</em>) with the coastline of the Contiguous United States as described by NHDPlus V2, and was merged from a subsample of all river reaches available in the region used. </li> <li><em>Catchment</em>: This folder contains a shapefile (GL_coastcatchment_polygon) with the contributing catchments of NHDPlus V2 corresponding to the above coastline, and was merged from a subsample of all catchments available in the region used. </li> <li><em>Centroid</em>: This folder contains a shapefile (GL_coastcatchment_centroid) with the centroids of the above catchments. </li> <li><em>DischargeVulnerabilities.csv</em>. This .csv file contains the following data (units are in parentheses): <ul> <li>COMID: Unique feature identifier in NHDPlusV2 ().</li> <li>Length_km: Length of coastline feature (km).</li> <li>Area_sqkm: Area of coastal catchment feature (km<sup>2</sup>).</li> <li>Infiltration_kgsqm: Average annual infiltrating runoff for REACHCODE (kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li>REACHCODE: Reach identifier in NHDPlusV2; reaches can include multiple features; Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) is computed by reach, not feature ().</li> <li>RLength_km: Total length of coastline accumulated by REACHCODE (km).</li> <li>RArea_sqkm: Total area of coastal catchment accumulated by REACHCODE (km<sup>2</sup>).</li> <li>RInfiltration_kgsqm: Average annual infiltrating runoff for REACHCODE (kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li>DGWD: Average annual direct groundwater discharge for REACHCODE (m<sup>2</sup>/y).</li> <li>Vulnerable_percent: Percentage of reach area with developed or agricultural land use in 2011 (%).</li> <li>Vulnerable: Vulnerability to coastal contamination (0- not vulnerable; 1-vulnerable)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p>
Networking nutrients: how nutrition determines the structure of ecological networks - Dataset
<p>Raw sequencing data and other metadata files are associated with Cuff et al. (2021a, 2022a), available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4708418</p> <p>Data/code relating to the macronutrient contents and delineation of tropho-species clusters are associated with Cuff et al. (2021b, 2022b), available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5738016</p> <p>Cuff, Jordan P. (2021a). A molecular analysis of the diet and biocontrol potential of spiders in cereal crops - Dataset. <em>Zenodo</em>. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4708419</p> <p>Cuff, Jordan Patrick, Tercel, M. P., Vaughan, I. P., Drake, L. E., Wilder, S. M., Bell, J. R., … Symondson, W. O. (2021b). Evidence for nutrient-specific foraging of predators under field conditions. <em>Zenodo</em>. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.5738015</p> <p>Cuff, Jordan P., Tercel, M. P. T. G., Drake, L. E., Vaughan, I. P., Bell, J. R., Orozco-terWengel, P., … Symondson, W. O. C. (2022a). Density-independent prey choice, taxonomy, life history and web characteristics determine the diet and biocontrol potential of spiders (Linyphiidae and Lycosidae) in cereal crops. <em>Environmental DNA</em>, in press. doi: 10.1002/edn3.272</p> <p>Cuff, Jordan P., Tercel, M. P. T. G., Vaughan, I. P., Drake, L. E., Wilder, S. M., Bell, J. R., … Symondson, W. O. C. (2022b). Evidence for nutrient-specific foraging of predators under field conditions. <em>Authorea</em>. doi: 10.22541/au.164908092.21266343/v1</p>
Data for manuscript titled 'Impact of urbanization and drought on river water quality, case study of nutrient levels in Cuenca and Giron (Azuay, Ecuador)'
<p>The uploaded zip-file entails the data obtained through four field campaigns performed in the province of Azuay (Ecuador) in the period July 2023 - May 2024, which is used as a basis for the manuscript titled 'Impact of urbanization and drought on river water quality, case study of nutrient levels in Cuenca and Giron (Azuay, Ecuador)' that was submitted to a Special Issue in the journal Water in 2024. The study aimed at illustrating the impact of urbanisation and drought on the abiotic water conditions of the rivers passing through the studied urban areas.</p> <p>The data includes a subfolder with data obtained from an external website (https://generacioncsr.celec.gob.ec/graficasproduccion/) and aligns with the folder structure of the GitHub-repository that contains the analysis scripts (to be added when the manuscript is accepted). The data file only contains the baseline data, while results can be obtained through running the R-scripts in the GitHub-repository. Additional comments on the analyses are also provided in the analysis scripts.</p> <p><strong>DATA COLLECTION</strong></p> <p>Information on the locations was collected prior to the first field campaign (July 2023) and confirmed in the field (and corrected when necessary). The following variables were registered: Date & Time, Coordinates (latitude and longitude, in WGS84 format), Altitude (in meters above mean sea level), Distance (to a fixed location downstream; being the province border), and Category (River or Stream).</p> <p>Information on the physicochemical conditions was collected directly in the field with a <strong>Horiba U-52</strong> multiprobe. The following variables were registered: Temperature, pH, Electrical conductivity (reference at 25 °C), Oxygen level (as concentration), and Turbidity (in NTU).</p> <p>At each site, a bucket was rinsed thrice with prevailing surface water and subsequently filled with a water sample of the top of the water column. The multiprobe was rinsed with this sample water and then submerged in the bucket, followed by continuous stirring (to avoid a decrease of the oxygen levels) until the readings stabilised. After stabilisation, readings were recorded on a separate data sheet prior to being digitalised.</p> <p>Information on the nutrient levels was obtained through the collection of water samples in the field and the subsequent analysis in the laboratory. The following nutrients were selected: ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, and orthophosphate. For the analyses, <strong>Merck test kits</strong> (equivalent to USEPA analyses) were used in combination with a Genesys UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Thermofisher).</p> <p><strong>In the field</strong>, a bucket was rinsed thrice with prevailing surface water and subsequently filled with a water sample of the top of the water column. A polyethylene syringe was rinsed thrice with sample water and subsequently filled prior to being fitted with a 0.45 µm PES filter. About 100 mL of sampled water was filtered and collected in a 250 mL polyethylene bottle that was rinsed with the first 5 mL of filtered water. The bottle was stored in a cooling box and transported to the laboratory.</p> <p><strong>In the laboratory</strong>, the 250 mL bottle was stored at 4 °C until analysis. Within 36 hours, concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, and orthophosphate were determined <strong>in triplicate</strong>. More specifically, the following test kits were used to determine said nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations (with quantification range between brackets):</p> <ul> <li>Ammonium: 1.14752.0001 (0.05-3.00 mgN/L)</li> <li>Nitrate: 1.14773.0001 (2-20 mgN/L)</li> <li>Nitrite: 1.14776.0001 (0.02-1.00 mgN/L)</li> <li>Orthophosphate: 1.14848.0001 (0.05-5.00 mgP/L)</li> </ul> <p>Regarding the <strong>spectrophotometric determination</strong>, all analyses were complemented with a blank and a standard with a known concentration of each individual nutrient component. For each nutrient, a specific wavelength was used and the resulting absorbance was converted to the associated nutrient concentration through known factors (similar to the use of calibration curves), after setting the absorbance of the blank as reference absorbance (i.e. a concentration of 0 mg/L). All of the analyses were performed with plastic 1-cm cuvettes during the first campaign, while 5-cm cuvettes were used in the remaining three campaigns due to low nutrient levels (except for nitrate, for which an analysis through 5-cm cuvettes is not supported by the used test kits).</p>
Dataset: Co-composting rose waste as a sustainable waste management strategy: Nutrient availability and disease control
<p>This dataset and these scripts supports the article 'Assessing the potential of co-composting rose waste as a sustainable waste management strategy: Nutrient availability and disease control' as published in Journal of Cleaner production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136685</p> <p>Roses are an important crop for the floricultural sector of Kenya and roses are a perennial crop and under continuous production for six to ten years. The cultivation produces large quantities of green waste, up to 50 kg per hectare per day. In this experiment we investigated the potential of co-composting rose waste on a small scale. The objective was to increase the understanding of composting lignocellulosic rose waste, which will help with the implementation of composting practices within Kenyan rose production and thereby reduce its negative ecological impact.</p> <p>In a small-scale composting system (30L) the evolution of five mixtures was closely monitored in terms of their physico-chemical parameters. Furthermore, the in-vitro disease suppressive capacity of mature rose waste was assessed. </p>
Crop-specific global fertilizer application rates from "Closing yield gaps through nutrient and water management"
<p>Crop-specific global maps of N, P2O5, and K2O fertilizer application rates circa the year 2000 from the following paper:</p> <p>Mueller, ND, JS Gerber, M Johnston, DK Ray, N Ramankutty, and JA Foley. 2012. Closing yield gaps through nutrient and water management. <em>Nature</em> <strong>490</strong>: 254–257</p> <p>Data are provided at five arc-minute resolution and are saved as netcdf files. Fertilizer application rates are estimated from reconciling various national and subnational data sources. See the Supplementary Information from the 2012 paper for a full description of data sources and methods. Data quality for each grid cell is described in a map layer. Files containing the text "totalcons" sum nutrient consumption across crops per grid cell, using crop harvested areas from Monfreda et al. 2008 Global Biogeochemical Cycles. For maize, wheat, and soybean N application rates, additional maps and csv files (containing the text "politboundaries") identify the political units around the world containing unique information. Crops and crop group categories are consistent with those utilized in Monfreda et al. 2008 Global Biogeochemical Cycles.</p>
Linking temporal changes in species composition and biomass in a globally distributed grassland experiment: The Nutrient Network
Global change drivers, such as anthropogenic nutrient inputs, are increasing globally. Nutrient deposition simultaneously alters plant biodiversity, species composition, and ecosystem processes like aboveground biomass production. These changes are underpinned by species extinction, colonization, and shifting relative abundance. Here, we use the Price equation to quantify and link the contributions of species that are lost, gained, or that persist to change in aboveground biomass in 59 experimental grassland sites. Under ambient (control) conditions, compositional and biomass turnover was high, and losses (i.e., local extinctions) were balanced by gains (i.e. colonization). Under fertilization, the decline in species richness resulted from increased species loss and from decreases in species gained. Biomass increase under fertilization resulted mostly from species that persist, and to a lesser extent from species gained. Drivers of ecological change can interact relatively independently with diversity, composition, and ecosystem processes and functions such as aboveground biomass due to the individual contributions of species lost, gained, or persisting.
Lake Tahoe Nutrients data for discrete water samples
Lake water nutrient data measured on discrete water samples from Lake Tahoe, CA/NV. There are two sampling stations Index (LTP, 39.0972 -120.155) and Mid-lake (MLTP, 39.1417 -120.0153). See methods for details
Data from: Heterogeneity in habitat and nutrient availability facilitate the co-occurrence of N2 fixation and denitrification across wetland - stream - lake ecotones of Lakes Superior and Huron
Great Lakes coastlines are mosaics of wetland, stream, and lake habitats, characterized by a high degree of spatial heterogeneity that may facilitate the co-occurrence of seemingly incompatible biogeochemical processes due to variation in environmental factors that favor each process. We measured nutrient limitation and rates of N2 fixation and denitrification along transects in 5 wetland - stream - lake ecotones with different nutrient loading in Lakes Superior and Huron and hypothesized that rates of both processes would be related to nutrient limitation status, habitat type, and environmental characteristics including temperature, nutrient concentrations, and organic matter quality. This data package includes information on sampling sites, dates and locations; rates of N fixation and denitrification measured at each site, date and transect location; and biomass information from nutrient diffusing substrates deployed on the study transects.
Water-soluble organic matter and nutrients from stormwater control measure and urban wetland soils
Water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) represents organic matter that has the potential to be readily released from soils. WSOM has been understudied in urban, engineered soils relative to natural soils. To understand the potential for organic matter and nutrient release, we extracted WSOM from the soils of stormwater control measures (SCM) and urban wetlands. In February 2022, we sampled soils from 20 SCMs and natural wetlands in the Rappahannock River watershed of the mid-Atlantic United States. The SCMs reflected a variety of design configurations including bioretention, rain gardens, wet ponds, and swales. We also sampled naturally occurring floodplain wetlands that are located in this urban watershed. Soils were sampled to a depth of approximately 40 cm. If there was standing water present in the SCMs and wetlands at the time of sampling, we also collected surface water samples. If present, grab samples of leaf litter or biomass were collected. Soil characteristics, such as pH, bulk density, soil moisture, soil organic matter, and cation exchange capacity were also determined for each site. WSOM was extracted from soils and biomass in the laboratory and analyzed for organic matter concentration (dissolved organic carbon) and composition (absorbance and fluorescence metrics), along with dissolved nutrient concentrations (total dissolved nitrogen, total dissolved phosphorus, nitrate, ammonium, and orthophosphate). In addition to the 20 sites in the Rappahannock watershed, soils from 2 additional bioretention SCMs on the Virginia Tech campus were sampled on a monthly basis from February 2022 to February 2023 to explore temporal variability in WSOM. To characterize changes in soil hydrologic conditions during monthly SCM sampling, we applied a Thornthwaite-type monthly water balance model. Finally, we performed a simple scaling exercise to WSOM results based on SCM area, sample depth, and soil bulk density to estimate potential SCM contributions of organic matter.
Data for Forb diversity globally is harmed by nutrient enrichment but can be rescued by large mammalian herbivory
Forbs (“wildflowers”) are important contributors to grassland biodiversity and services, but they are vulnerable to environmental changes that affect their coexistence with grasses. In a factorial experiment at 94 sites on 6 continents, we tested the global generality of several broad predictions arising from previous studies: (1) Forb cover and richness decline under nutrient enrichment, particularly nitrogen enrichment, which benefits grasses at the expense of forbs. (2) Forb cover and richness increase under herbivory by large mammals, especially when nutrients are enriched as grazing will release forbs from decreased grass competition under fertilization. (3) Forb richness and cover are less affected by nutrient enrichment and herbivory in more arid climates, because water limitation reduces the impacts of competition with grasses. We found strong evidence for the first, partial support for the second, and no support for the third prediction. Forb richness and cover are reduced by nutrient addition, with nitrogen having the greatest effect; forb cover is enhanced by large mammal herbivory, although only under conditions of nutrient enrichment and high herbivore intensity; and forb richness is lower in more arid sites, but is not affected by consistent climate-nutrient or climate-herbivory interactions. We also found that nitrogen enrichment disproportionately affects forbs in certain families (Asteraceae, Fabaceae). Our results underscore that anthropogenic nitrogen addition is a major threat to grassland forbs and the ecosystem services they support, but grazing under high herbivore intensity can offset these nutrient effects. For associated r code that goes along with this dataset, please refer to the following Zenodo repository: https://zenodo.org/records/14207290
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.