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796 results for “oak species”
Data from: Contrasting patterns of population history and seed-mediated gene flow in two endemic Costa Rican oak species
Lower Central America is an important area to study recent population history and diversification of Neotropical species due to its complex and dynamic geology and climate. Phylogeographic studies in this region are few in comparison with other regions and even less for tree species. The aim of the present study was to characterize the phylogeographic structure in two partially co-distributed endemic oak species (Quercus costaricensis and Q. bumelioides) of the Costa Rican mountains using chloroplast short sequence repeats (cpSSRs), and to test for the effect of geological and palaeoclimatic processes on their population history. Genetic diversity and structure, haplotype networks, patterns of seed-mediated gene flow and historical demography were estimated for both species. Results suggested contrasting patterns. Quercus costaricensis exhibited high values of genetic diversity, a marked phylogeographic structure, a north-to-south genetic diversity gradient and evidence of a demographic expansion during the Quaternary. Quercus bumelioides did not show significant genetic structure and the haplotype network and historical demography estimates suggested a recent population expansion probably during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Phylogeographic structure of Q. costaricensis seems to be related to Pleistocene altitudinal migration due to its higher altitudinal distribution. Meanwhile, historical seed-mediated gene flow through the lower altitudinal distribution of Q. bumelioides may have promoted the homogenization of genetic variation. Population expansion and stable availability of suitable climatic areas in both species probably indicate that palaeoclimatic changes promoted downwards altitudinal migration and formation of continuous forests allowing oak species to expand their distribution into the Panamanian mountains during glacial stages.
Data from: Species diversification in a lineage of Mexican red oak (Quercus section Lobatae subsection Racemiflorae)—the interplay between distance, habitat, and hybridization
In widespread taxa in which hybridization is suspected of being an important aspect of species biology, the patterns and drivers of lineage diversification are not always clear. Here, we examine the patterns of species diversification in a monophyletic lineage of oaks endemic to western Mexico, a center of global oak diversity. This group of four species inhabits a variety of soil types and exhibits varying patterns of species distribution ranging from widespread to restricted, with the range bisected by the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TVB). Using chloroplast and nuclear microsatellites, we evaluated genetic diversity, diversification, and genetic group assignment across 49 populations. Chloroplast data identified 29 haplotypes in three distinct lineages, many of these found occurring on opposite sides of the TVB. Individual species were only loosely associated to specific chloroplast haplotypes but the distribution of shared haplotypes supports a one-time wider distribution. One lineage was highly divergent and geographically isolated, likely representing a case of chloroplast capture via hybridization and may indicate a range expansion of Racemiflorae into new territory. Nuclear gene diversity varied little across species and populations; however, differentiation and genetic assignment analysis was strongly structured geographically and tended to cluster with broad soil types. Soil specialist taxa produced homogeneous genetic structure while soil generalists showed varying patterns of mixed ancestry and high levels of admixture. Speciation appears driven by a combination of distance and edaphic factors leading to drift. Hybridization appears to be complementary, occurring most often in non-specific soil environments and in marginal areas, and contributes to a long-scale pattern of gene exchange as species ranges fluctuate with time.
Data from: Unusually limited pollen dispersal and connectivity of Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) refugial populations at the species' southern range margin
Low-latitudinal range margins of temperate and boreal plant species typically consist of scattered populations that persist locally in microrefugia. It remains poorly understood how their refugial habitats affect patterns of gene flow and connectivity, key components for their long-term viability and evolution. We examine landscape-scale patterns of historical and contemporary gene flow in refugial populations of the widespread European forest tree Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) at the species' southwestern range margin. We sampled all adult trees (n = 135) growing in a 20 km long valley and genotyped 724 acorns from 72 mother trees at 17 microsatellite loci. The ten oak stands that we identified were highly differentiated and formed four distinct genetic clusters, despite sporadic historical dispersal being detectable. By far most contemporary pollination occurred within stands, either between local mates (85.6%) or through selfing (6.8%). Pollen exchange between stands (2.6%) was remarkably rare given their relative proximity and was complemented by long-distance pollen immigration (4.4%) and hybridization with the locally abundant Quercus pyrenaica (0.6%). The frequency of between-stand mating events decreased with increasing size and spatial isolation of stands. Overall, our results reveal outstandingly little long-distance gene flow for a wind-pollinated tree species. We argue that the distinct landscape characteristics of oaks' refugial habitats, with a combination of a rugged topography, dense vegetation and humid microclimate, are likely to increase plant survival but to hamper effective long-distance pollen dispersal. Moreover, local mating might be favoured by high tree compatibility resulting from genetic purging in these long-term relict populations.
Data from: RADseq data reveal ancient, but not pervasive, introgression between Californian tree and scrub oak species (Quercus sect. Quercus: Fagaceae)
A long-term debate in evolutionary biology is the extent to which reproductive isolation is a necessary element of speciation. Hybridizing plants in general are cited as evidence against this notion and oaks specifically have been used as the classic example of species maintenance without reproductive isolation. Here, we use thousands of SNPs generated by RAD sequencing to describe the phylogeny of a set of sympatric white oak species in California and then test whether these species exhibit pervasive interspecific gene exchange. Using RAD sequencing, we first constructed a phylogeny of ten oak species found in California. Our phylogeny revealed that seven scrub oak taxa occur within one clade that diverged from a common ancestor with Q. lobata, that they comprise two subclades, and they are not monophyletic but include the widespread tree oak Q. douglasii. Next, we searched for genomic patterns of allele sharing consistent with gene flow between long-divergent tree oaks with scrub oaks. Specifically, we utilized the D-statistic as well as model-based inference to compare the signature of shared alleles between two focal tree species (Q. lobata and Q. engelmannii) with multiple scrub species within the two subclades. We found that introgression is not equally pervasive between sympatric tree and scrub oak species. Instead, gene flow commonly occurs from scrub oaks to recently sympatric Q. engelmannii, but less so from scrub oaks to long-sympatric Q. lobata. This case study illustrates the influence of ancient introgression and impact of reproductive isolating mechanisms in preventing indiscriminant interspecific gene exchange.
FIGURE 5 in A new genus of oak gallwasps, Kinseyella Pujade-Villar & Melika, with a description of a new species from Mexico (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)
FIGURE 5. Kinseyella quercusobtusata, new species, gall: a, mature galls, general view; b, dissected gall, showing the inner structure of the gall; c, dissected gall, showing the lighter inner larval chamber.
FIGURE 4 in A new genus of oak gallwasps, Kinseyella Pujade-Villar & Melika, with a description of a new species from Mexico (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)
FIGURE 4. Kinseyella quercusobtusata, new species: a, metasoma, lateral view; b–c, ventral spine of hypopygium: b, lateral view, c, ventral view.
FIGURE 6. a in A new genus of oak gallwasps, Kinseyella Pujade-Villar & Melika, with a description of a new species from Mexico (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)
FIGURE 6. a, Amphibolibs quercuscinerea, mesoscutum, dorsal view; b, Disholcaspis spissa, ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view; c, Atrusca cava, forewing; d, Antron plumbeum (Weld), metasoma, lateral view; e, Besbicus mirabilis (Kinsey), ventral spine of hypopygium, ventral view.
FIGURE 3 in A new genus of oak gallwasps, Kinseyella Pujade-Villar & Melika, with a description of a new species from Mexico (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)
FIGURE 3. Kinseyella quercusobtusata, new species: a, mesoscutum, dorsal view; b, mesoscutellum, dorsal view; c, metascutellum and propodeum, postero-dorsal view; d, tarsal claw, hind leg.
FIGURE 1 in A new genus of oak gallwasps, Kinseyella Pujade-Villar & Melika, with a description of a new species from Mexico (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)
FIGURE 1. Kinseyella quercusobtusata, new species: a, head, front view; b, head, dorsal view; c, clypeus, dorsal view; d, head, posterior view; e, antenna.
FIGURE 4 in Two new Neotropical species of oak gall wasps of the genus Loxaulus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from Panama
FIGURE 4. Loxaulus panamensis: (A) Mesosoma lateral view. (B) Scutellum. (C) Propodeum. (D) Metatarsal claw. (E) Metasoma lateral view. (F) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium, lateral view. (G) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium.
FIGURE 5 in Two new Neotropical species of oak gall wasps of the genus Loxaulus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from Panama
FIGURE 5. Habitus. forewings and galls of Loxaulus species: (A) Loxaulus championi, female (B) forewing of female. (C) mature galls of Loxaulus championi. (D) Section of a gall of Loxaulus championi showing the cells. (E) Loxaulus panamensis, female. (F) forewing of female. (G) mature galls of Loxaulus panamensis showing the cells.
FIGURE 3 in Two new Neotropical species of oak gall wasps of the genus Loxaulus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from Panama
FIGURE 3. Loxaulus panamensis: (A) Head dorsal view. (B) Head anterior view. (C) Female antenna. (D) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (E) Detail of ultimate flagellomeres. (F) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (G) Mesosoma dorsal view.
FIGURE 2 in Two new Neotropical species of oak gall wasps of the genus Loxaulus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from Panama
FIGURE 2. Loxaulus championi: (A) Mesosoma dorsal view. (B) Propodeum. (C) Metasoma lateral view. (D) Detail of ventral spine of hypopygium, lateral view. (E) Metatarsal claw.
FIGURE 1 in Two new Neotropical species of oak gall wasps of the genus Loxaulus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from Panama
FIGURE 1. Loxaulus championi: (A) Head dorsal view. (B) Head anterior view. (C) Pronotum antero-dorsal view. (D) Mesosoma lateral view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Detail of basal flagellomeres. (G) Detail of ultimate flagellomeres.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Allecula (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Alleculinae) from cork oak stands of Italy
FIGURE 1. Location of the two areas in central Italy where Allecula suberina Novák sp. nov. was found. The black square indicates the type locality (Pomezia).
FIGURE 5 in A new species of Allecula (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Alleculinae) from cork oak stands of Italy
FIGURE 5. Allecula suberina Novák sp. nov.: a) head and pronotum of holotype (HL 0.96 mm, PL 1.12 mm); b) antenna of holotype (AL 6.07 mm); c) aedeagus of holotype (dorsal and lateral views, AED 1.13 mm).
FIGURE 2 in The taxonomy of the Japanese oak red scale insect, Kuwania quercus (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kuwaniidae), with a generic diagnosis, a key to species and description of a new species from California
FIGURE 2. Kuwania quercus (Kuwana), first-instar nymph. A, apical segment of antenna; B, multilocular disc pore; C, claw of hind leg; D, short ventral seta; E, discoidal pore; F, short dorsal seta.
FIGURE 5 in The taxonomy of the Japanese oak red scale insect, Kuwania quercus (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kuwaniidae), with a generic diagnosis, a key to species and description of a new species from California
FIGURE 5. Kuwania raygilli Wu & Gullan sp. nov., first-instar nymph. A, a pair of coeloconic sensilla; B, multilocular disc pore; C, long ventral seta; D. claw of hind leg; E, short ventral seta; F, discoidal pore; G, dorsal seta.
FIGURE 1 in The taxonomy of the Japanese oak red scale insect, Kuwania quercus (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kuwaniidae), with a generic diagnosis, a key to species and description of a new species from California
FIGURE 1. Kuwania quercus (Kuwana), adult female. A, antenna; B, a pair of coeloconic sensilla; C, small type of multilocular disc pore, showing variation in locular number; D, thoracic spiracle; E, multilocular disc pore in atrium or at opening of spiracle; F, abdominal spiracle; G, short ventral seta; H, large type of multilocular disc pore; I, discoidal pore; J, hind leg, K, knobbed seta; L. long ventral seta; M, dorsal seta.
FIGURE 4 in The taxonomy of the Japanese oak red scale insect, Kuwania quercus (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kuwaniidae), with a generic diagnosis, a key to species and description of a new species from California
FIGURE 4. Kuwania raygilli Wu & Gullan sp. nov., adult female. A, antenna; B, a pair of coeloconic sensilla; C, thoracic spiracle; D, short ventral seta; E, abdominal spiracle; F, large type of multilocular disc pore, showing variation in locular number; G, hind leg; H, knobbed seta; I, claw; J, long ventral seta; K. small type of multilocular disc pore, showing variation in locular number; L, dorsal seta.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.