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104 results for “parasite ecology”
Figure 2 in Metazoan parasites in Colomesus asellus (Pisces: Tetraodontidae) from Amazon River, in Brazil: an ecological, annual and seasonal study
Figure 2. Species richness of metazoan parasites in Colomesus asellus from the Amazon River, Brazil, during the two years of sample collection.
Figure 7 in Metazoan parasites in Colomesus asellus (Pisces: Tetraodontidae) from Amazon River, in Brazil: an ecological, annual and seasonal study
Figure 7. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) using a Bray-Curtis distance matrix for communities of metazoan parasites of Colomesus asellus from the Amazon River, in the eastern Amazon region, Brazil, during the rainy and dry seasons. The percentage of the variation explained by the plotted principal coordinates is indicated on the axes.
Figure 4 in Metazoan parasites in Colomesus asellus (Pisces: Tetraodontidae) from Amazon River, in Brazil: an ecological, annual and seasonal study
Figure 4. Diversity parameters for metazoan parasites in Colomesus asellus from the Amazon River, in the eastern Amazon region, Brazil, collected in 2020 and 2021 (box plots show medians, interquartile ranges, minimum–maximum ranges and outliers). Different letters indicate differences between the medians according to Dunn̍s test (p <0.001).
Figure 1 in Metazoan parasites in Colomesus asellus (Pisces: Tetraodontidae) from Amazon River, in Brazil: an ecological, annual and seasonal study
Figure 1. Collection area for Colomesus asellus in the Amazon River, in the state of Amapá, in the eastern Amazon region, Brazil.
Figure 6 in Metazoan parasites in Colomesus asellus (Pisces: Tetraodontidae) from Amazon River, in Brazil: an ecological, annual and seasonal study
Figure 6. Species richness of metazoan parasites in Colomesus asellus from the Amazon River during the rainy and dry seasons.
Figure 3 in Metazoan parasites in Colomesus asellus (Pisces: Tetraodontidae) from Amazon River, in Brazil: an ecological, annual and seasonal study
Figure 3. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) using a Bray-Curtis distance matrix for communities of metazoan parasites of Colomesus asellus from the Amazon River, in the state of Amapá, Brazil, during 2020 and 2021. The percentage of the variation explained by the plotted principal coordinates is indicated on the axes.
Data from: Integrating phylogenetic and ecological distances reveals new insights into parasite host specificity
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Data from: Parasites contribute to ecologically dependent postmating isolation in the adaptive radiation of three spined stickleback
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Data from: Ecological host fitting of Trypanosoma cruzi TcI in Bolivia: mosaic population structure, hybridization and a role for humans in Andean parasite dispersal
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Data from: Experimental parasite community ecology: intraspecific variation in a large tapeworm affects community assembly
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Data from: Range-wide ecological niche comparisons of parasite, hosts and dispersers in a vector-borne plant parasite system
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Data for: Sexual dimorphism in ichneumonine parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ichneumoninae) and the neglected influence of the ecological niche
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Ecological factors mediate immunity and parasitic co-infection in sea fan octocorals
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Data from: Evolutionary and ecological implications of trematode parasitism of modern and fossil northern Adriatic bivalves
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Latitudinal influence on gametogenesis and host-parasite ecology in a marine bivalve model
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Data from: Competing for blood: the ecology of parasite resource competition in human malaria-helminth co-infections
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Broadening the ecology of fear: non-lethal effects arise from diverse responses to predation and parasitism
<p><span>The ecology of fear demonstrates how prey responses to avoid predation cause non-lethal effects at all ecological scales. Parasites also elicit defensive responses in hosts with associated non-lethal effects, which raises the longstanding, yet unresolved question of how non-lethal effects of parasites compare with those of predators. We developed a framework for systematically answering this question for all types of predator and parasite systems. Our framework predicts that trait responses and their non-lethal effects should be strongest from predators and parasites that do not kill individuals to feed on them, but which nevertheless damage fitness. Analysing trait response data on amphibians, which have been well-studied for this area of research, showed that individuals generally responded more directly to short-term predation risks than to parasitism. Apart from studies using amphibians, there have been few direct comparisons of responses to predation and parasitism, and none have incorporated responses to micropredators, parasitoids, or parasitic castrators, or examined their long-term consequences. Addressing these and other data gaps highlighted by our general framework can advance the field toward understanding how non-lethal effects shape real food webs, which contain multiple predator and parasite species. </span></p>
Data from: Testing for ecological limitation of diversification: a case study using parasitic plants
Imbalances in phylogenetic diversity could be the result of variable unbounded diversification rates, differing limits on diversity, or a combination of the two. We propose an approach to distinguish between rates and limits as the primary cause of phylogenetic imbalance, using parasitic plants as a model. With sister-taxon comparisons, we show that parasitic plant lineages are typically much less diverse than their autotrophic sisters. We then use age estimates for taxa used in the sister-taxon comparisons to test for correlations between clade age and diversity. We find that parasitic plant diversity is not significantly correlated with the age of the lineage, whereas there is a strong positive correlation between the age and diversity of autotrophic sister lineages. The Ericaceae sister-pair Monotropoideae (parasitic) and Arbutoideae (autotrophic) are sufficiently well samples at the species level to allow more parametric comparisons of diversification patterns. Model-fitting for this group supports ecological limitation in Monotropoideae and unconstrained diversification in Arbutoideae. Thus, differences in diversity between parasitic plants and their autotrophic sisters might be caused by a mixture of ecological limitation and unbounded diversification. A combination of sister-taxon comparisons of diversity and age, coupled with model-fitting of well-sampled phylogenies of focal taxa, provides a powerful test of likely causes of asymmetry in the diversity of lineages.
Data from: Nematode parasite diversity in birds: the role of host ecology, life history and migration
Previous studies have found that migratory birds generally have a more diverse array of pathogens such as parasites, as well as higher intensities of infection. However, it is not clear whether this is driven by the metabolic and physiological demands of migration, differential selection on host life-history traits or basic ecological differences between migratory and non-migratory species. Parasitic helminths can cause significant pathology in their hosts, and many are trophically transmitted such that host diet and habitat use play key roles in the acquisition of infections. Given the concurrent changes in avian habitats and migratory behaviour, it is critical to understand the degree to which host ecology influences their parasite communities. We examined nematode parasite diversity in 153 species of Anseriformes (water birds) and Accipitriformes (predatory birds) in relation to their migratory behaviour, diet, habitat use, geographic distribution and life history using previously published data. Overall, migrators, host species with wide geographic distributions and those utilizing multiple aquatic habitats had greater nematode richness (number of species), and birds with large clutches harboured more diverse nematode fauna with respect to number of superfamilies. Separate analyses for each host order found similar results related to distribution, habitat use and migration; however, herbivorous water birds played host to a less diverse nematode community compared to those that consume some animals. Birds using multiple aquatic habitats have a more diverse nematode fauna relative to primarily terrestrial species, likely because there is greater opportunity for contact with parasite infectious stages and/or consumption of infected hosts. As such, omnivorous and carnivorous birds using aquatic habitats may be more affected by environmental changes that alter their diet and range. Even though there were no overall differences in their ecology and life history compared with non-migrators, migratory bird species still harboured a more diverse array of nematodes, suggesting that this behaviour places unique demands on these hosts and warrants further study.
Data from: Your infections are what you eat: how host ecology shapes the helminth parasite communities of lizards
1. Understanding how parasite communities are assembled, and the factors that influence their richness, can improve our knowledge of parasite-host interactions and help to predict the spread of infectious diseases. Previous comparative analyses have found significant influences of host ecology and life history, but focused on a few select host taxa. 2. Host diet and habitat use play key roles in the acquisition of parasitic helminths as many are trophically-transmitted, making these attributes potentially key indicators of infection risk. Given the paucity of comparative studies with non-piscine, non-avian or non-mammalian hosts, it is critical to examine the degree to which host ecology influences parasite communities in other host taxa in order to identify common drivers. 3. We examined helminth diversity in over 350 species of lizards in relation to their body mass, ecology (diet and habitat use), and life history (clutch size, and ovo- or viviparity) using previously published data. 4. Overall, lizard species with herbivorous diets harboured fewer types of helminths (especially larval stages), with similar results for traits that were ultimately strongly associated with diet (host mass and habitat use). Large hosts tended to be herbivores with few helminth types whereas species utilizing arboreal habitats typically consumed some animal matter and hosted more helminths. 5. Understanding how host ecology and life history are related to their parasite assemblages has significant implications for the risk of acquiring novel parasites. Our results indicate an overwhelming influence of host diet such that many helminths may be relatively easily acquired by hosts in new ranges, or through dietary shifts.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.