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Video material for: "Immersive audio inside the Greek-Roman theatre of Tyndaris: comparison between past, current and future conditions"
<p>The two folders contain 24 spherical videos with 3OA audio used for the subjective listening tests described in the paper:<br> Lavagna L, Shtrepi L, Farina A, Bevilacqua A, Astolfi A. <em>Immersive audio inside the Greek-Roman theatre of Tyndaris: comparison between past, current and future conditions</em> In: Proceedings of the 24th International Congress on Acoustics. Gyeongju; 2022.<br> <br> The listening test, structured as an AB comparison, were presented inside the virtual reality environment using a Head Mounted Display (HMD), specifically a Meta Quest 2, and open headphones (Sennheiser HD 650).<br> <br> </p>
Supporting code and data to reproduce analysis for: Genomic signatures of past megafrugivore-mediated dispersal in Malagasy palms
<p>Seed dispersal affects gene flow and hence genetic differentiation of plant populations. During the Late Quaternary, most fruit-eating and seed-dispersing megafauna went extinct, but whether these animals have left signatures in the population genetics of their food plants, particularly those with large, 'megafaunal' fruits (i.e., > 4 cm – megafruits), remains unclear.</p> <p>Here, we assessed the population history, genetic differentiation, and recent migration among populations of four animal-dispersed palm (Arecaceae) species with large (<em>Borassus madagascariensis</em>), medium-sized (<em>Hyphaene coriacea,</em> <em>Bismarckia nobilis</em>), and small (<em>Chrysalidocarpus madagascariensis</em>) fruits on Madagascar. We integrated double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD) of 167 individuals from 25 populations with (past) distribution ranges for extinct and extant seed-dispersing animals (e.g., giant lemurs, elephant birds), landscape and human impact data, and applied linear mixed-effects models to explore the drivers of genetic variation in Malagasy palms.</p> <p>Palm populations that shared more megafrugivore species in the past had lower genetic differentiation than populations that shared fewer megafrugivore species. This suggests that megafrugivore-mediated seed dispersal in the past may have led to frequent gene flow among populations. In comparison, extant frugivore diversity only decreased genetic differentiation in the small-fruited palm. Furthermore, genetic differentiation decreased with landscape connectivity (i.e., environmental suitability, forest cover and river density), and human impact (i.e., road density) has decreased genetic differentiation among populations.</p> <p><em>Synthesis: </em>Our results suggest that the legacy of megafrugivores regularly achieving long dispersal distances is still reflected in the population genetics of palms that were formerly dispersed by such animals. Furthermore, low genetic differentiation was possibly maintained after the megafauna extinctions through alternative dispersal (e.g., human- or river-mediated), long generation times, and long lifespans of these megafruit palms. Our study illustrates how species interactions that happened >1000 years ago can leave imprints in population genetics.</p>
Documents presenting past climate change adaptations (2008 - 2020)
<p>Using a systematic review approach, we identified a global dataset of 301 reported adaptation responses of small-scale fishers to climate change. Here we show the references of the selected documents (n = 60) through the systematic review from which the adaptation responses for data analysis were extracted.</p>
Lingering legacies: Past growth and parental experience influence somatic growth in a fish population
<p>Body size and growth rate can influence individual and population success by mediating fitness. Understanding the factors that influence growth can be difficult to disentangle, however, because growth can be shaped by environmental conditions recently experienced, as well as legacy effects from conditions experienced earlier in life and by parents (via parental effects). To improve understanding of growth among annual cohorts (1982-2015) of Lake Erie Walleye (<em>Sander vitreus</em>), a species with life history and growth characteristics similar to many other long-lived, iteroparous fishes, we determined the role of the following hypothesized factors: H1) recent environmental conditions; H2) traits and experiences of the cohort, including growth, in the previous year; H3) early-life cohort density; H4) early-life body size; and H5) parental composition and environment. We evaluated the relative importance of these hypothesized factors using piecewise structural equation modeling in an information-theoretic framework. Our results indicated that cohort-specific growth of Lake Erie Walleye was most strongly influenced by traits (growth) and experiences of the cohort during the previous year (H2) and parental composition and environment (H5). The observed negative relationship with growth during the previous year may indicate that Walleye exhibits compensatory growth. The relationships with parental sizes and environments may mean that parental contributions to offspring affect cohorts into adulthood, with serious implications for the effects of climate change. Warm winters appear to negatively influence offspring growth performance for many years. Legacy effects had a stronger influence on cohort growth than recent environmental conditions, providing a new understanding of how somatic growth is regulated in Lake Erie's Walleye population. Specifically, the parental composition and environment appear important via epigenetic and/or egg-provisioning legacies, with carryover effects modifying growth over the years. Ultimately, our findings demonstrate that understanding recent growth in animal populations similar to Lake Erie Walleye may require knowledge of past conditions, including those experienced by parents.</p>
Pesticide exposure triggers sex-specific inter- and trans-generational effects conditioned by past sexual selection
<p>Environmental variation often induces plastic responses in organisms that can trigger changes in subsequent generations through non-genetic inheritance mechanisms. Such transgenerational plasticity thus consists of environmentally-induced non-random phenotypic modifications that are transmitted through generations. Transgenerational effects may vary according to the sex of the organism experiencing the environmental perturbation, the sex of their descendants, or both, but whether they are affected by past sexual selection is unknown. Here we use experimental evolution on an insect model system to conduct a first test of the involvement of sexual selection history in shaping transgenerational plasticity in the face of rapid environmental change (exposure to pesticides). We manipulated evolutionary history in terms of the intensity of sexual selection for over 80 generations before exposing individuals to the toxicant. We found that sexual selection history constrained adaptation under rapid environmental change. We also detected intergenerational and transgenerational effects of pesticide exposure in the form of increased fitness and longevity. These cross-generational influences of toxicants were sex-dependent (they affected only male descendants), and intergenerational, but not transgenerational, plasticity was modulated by sexual selection history. Our results highlight the complexity of intragenerational, intergenerational, and transgenerational influences of past selection and environmental stress on phenotypic expression.</p>
TA B L E 1 Summary of model fit, based on the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for training data, and the most important bioclimatic variables in past, present, and future (2070) Maxent models of 13 bat species included in this study. in Southern Africa's Great Escarpment as an amphitheater of climate-driven diversification and a buffer against future climate change in bats
TA B L E 1 Summary of model fit, based on the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for training data, and the most important bioclimatic variables in past, present, and future (2070) Maxent models of 13 bat species included in this study.
Figure 4 in Agricultural Research Service Weed Science Research: Past, Present, and Future
Figure 4. Agricultural Research Service researchers have focused on understanding how climate change influences weeds/invasive plants and their impacts and management. Image shows a study of how precipitation change influences cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) invasion in rangelands of northeast Wyoming, USA. (Credit: Anna Kuhne)
Figure 5. A in Agricultural Research Service Weed Science Research: Past, Present, and Future
Figure 5. A conceptual framework providing context for addressing challenges for managing weeds in agroecosystems and natural areas.
Figure 3. Sorgoleone has a in Agricultural Research Service Weed Science Research: Past, Present, and Future
Figure 3. Sorgoleone has a potential as a plant-incorporated protectant herbicide. The highly bioactive benzoquinone allelochemical sorgoleone is produced exclusively within root hair cells of members of the genus Sorghum. Genes of the entire sorgoleone pathway are being used to transform crops to produce sorgoloeone (Pan et al. 2021).
Figure 2 in Agricultural Research Service Weed Science Research: Past, Present, and Future
Figure 2. (A) Depiction of a bipartite synthetic Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) cassette (red) consisting of a Cas9 endonuclease and a guide ribonucleic acid RNA (gRNA) that is flanked by homology arms (HA) (black). (B) Following expression of the CRISPR cassette, gRNA binds to Cas9 and directs the complex to a unique sequence-specific site for DNA cleavage and homology-directed repair (HDR). Following HDR, the CRISPR cassette is copied into both genomic regions. (C) Standard Mendelian inheritance results in 50% of progeny inheriting a modified gene. In contrast, a gene drive would bias inheritance, theoretically resulting in all progenies (~99%) inheriting the modified gene, thereby "driving" the modified gene into an invasive weed population.
Figure 1 in Agricultural Research Service Weed Science Research: Past, Present, and Future
Figure 1. (A) BenchBot autonomous high-throughput imaging system, (B) example imagery from BenchBot after automated segmentation of weeds from background objects, (C) testing of the handheld version of the Weeds3D system at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, and (D) example 3D reconstruction of plant biomass from the Weeds3D systems.
Supplementary data from: Current and past climate co-shape community-level plant species richness in the Western Siberian Arctic
<p>The Arctic ecosystems and their species are exposed to amplified climate warming and, in some regions, to rapidly developing economic activities. We used macroecological modeling to estimate the community-level species richness across the Western Siberian tundra, with climate variables and anthropogenic influence identified as main explanatory factors. Our results reveal complex spatial patterns of community-level species richness in the Western Siberian Arctic. We show that climatic factors such as temperature (including paleotemperature) and precipitation are the main drivers of plant species richness in this area, and the role of relief is clearly secondary.</p> <p>Here we present a supplementing dataset to the analysis of our paper "Current and past climate co-shape community-level plant species richness in the Western Siberian Arctic"<strong> </strong>(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11140">https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11140</a>). Our research is based on the Western Siberian part of the Russian Arctic Vegetation Archive (AVA-RUS, <a href="http://avarus.space">http://avarus.space</a>), with 1483 Braun-Blanquet plots observed from 2005-2018.</p> <p>The dataset contains geolocated species richness data along with sampled raster data on environmental and anthropogenic predictors used for modeling. The scripts are used for paleoclimatic data sampling; testing univariate predictive performance and limited collinearity for all predictors; fitting four different modes: random forest, gradient boosting machine, generalized linear model, and generalized additive model; their validation and projection. Detailed information regarding the data structure and the applied methods could be found in the paper.</p>
Fig. 3 in Echoes from the past¦ rediscovering Isoscelipteron fulvum Costa, 1863 (Neuroptera¦ Berothidae) in Italy.
Fig. 3.- Male of Isoscelipteron fulvum from Bulgaria; photo made by Georgi in 2015 (see Letardi, 2016¦ 76).
Fig. 1 in Echoes from the past¦ rediscovering Isoscelipteron fulvum Costa, 1863 (Neuroptera¦ Berothidae) in Italy.
Fig. 1.- Sampling trap used for monitoring moth communities in chestnut woodlands of the Catena Costiera mountains in 2015.
Figure 6 in Past ecosystems drive the evolution of the early diverged Symphyta (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae) since the earliest Eocene
Figure 6. (A) Map of the Eocene world with vegetation simulated by BIOME4 (modified from Herold et al., 2014) and distribution of extant Xyelidae (from https://v3.boldsystems.org, last access: 7 November 2021). (B) World map of the Cretaceous period at 105 Ma with xyelid localities indicated. (C) World map of the Jurassic period at 170 Ma with xyelid localities indicated. (D) World map of the Triassic period at 220 Ma with xyelid localities indicated (B, C, D; ' PALEOMAP project).
Figure 5 in Past ecosystems drive the evolution of the early diverged Symphyta (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae) since the earliest Eocene
Figure 5. Proxyelia pankowskii gen. et sp. nov. Holotype FOBU14313. (A) Detailed photograph of head. (B) Interpretative line drawing of antenna. (C) Detailed photograph of pterostigma. (D) Interpretative line drawing of venation with cell (in bold) and vein names labeled. (E) Detailed view of apical part of abdomen. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 1 in Past ecosystems drive the evolution of the early diverged Symphyta (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae) since the earliest Eocene
Figure 1. Photograph of Paleoxyela nearctica gen. et sp. nov. Holotype UCM 18643. Scale bar: 5 mm. (' Talia Karim).
Figure 2 in Past ecosystems drive the evolution of the early diverged Symphyta (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae) since the earliest Eocene
Figure 2. Paleoxyela nearctica gen. et sp. nov. Holotype UCM 18643. (A) Detailed photograph of head and thorax. (B) Detailed photograph of right wings. (C) Detailed photograph of left wings. Scale bars: 1 mm. (' Talia Karim).
Figure 3 in Past ecosystems drive the evolution of the early diverged Symphyta (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae) since the earliest Eocene
Figure 3. Paleoxyela nearctica gen. et sp. nov. Holotype UCM 18643. (A) Interpretative line drawing of right wing venation with cell (in bold) and vein names labeled. (B) Interpretative line drawing of venation of left wings with cell (in bold) and vein names labeled. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIG. 2 in Pennaraptoran Theropod Dinosaurs Past Progress And New Frontiers
FIG. 2. Angle formed between the main axis of the scapulocoracoid glenoid and main vertebral column axis in selected paravians. Pectoral girdle of the London specimen of Archaeopteryx, Saurornitolestes, Rhea americana, and Vultur gryphus, in right lateral view. Not to scale.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.