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222 results for “photosynthesis”
Norway spruce winrhizo and photosynthesis data
<p>Data conneted to the publication in Plant and Soil 2022 Genotypes exhibit no variation in precision foraging in mycorrhizal Norway spruce seedlings by Velmala Sannakajsa, Salmela Matti J., Chan Tommy, Hölttä Teemu, Hamberg Leena, Sievänen Risto, Pennanen Taina.</p>
Phosphorus Limitation Directly and Indirectly Constrains Tree Photosynthesis and Productivity: Evidence from a Global Meta-Analysis
<p>These dataset contains the source data and the correposnding code for the paper explained above.</p>
Long-term Continuous SIF-informed Photosynthesis Proxy reconstructed with calibrated AVHRR surface reflectance (LCSPP-AVHRR), 2001-2023
<p><strong>Usage Notes</strong>:<br>This is the updated LCSPP dataset (v3.2), generated using the LCREF-AVHRR record from 1982–2023. Due to Zenodo’s size constraints, LCSPP-AVHRR is divided into two separate repositories. Previously referred to as "LCSIF," the dataset was renamed to emphasize its role as a SIF-informed long-term photosynthesis proxy derived from surface reflectance and to avoid confusion with directly measured SIF signals.</p> <p>Key updates in version 3.2 include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Improved Calibration</strong>: Enhanced consistency in calibration methods, addressing technical limitations in version 3.1 including applying more stringent quality filtering and snow masks.</li> <li><strong>Quality Flags</strong>: New quality flag layer enables users to identify whether a pixel is derived from observed surface reflectance (QA=0), high-quality gap-filled values (QA=1), lower-quality gap-filled based on the mean seasonal cycle (QA=2), or missing entirely (QA=3). We advice the user to rely only on observed and high-quality gap-filled values for their analyses.</li> <li><strong>Extension</strong> to include observations from the year of 2023.</li> </ul> <p>Other LCSPP repositories can be accessed via the following links:</p> <ul> <li>LCSPP-AVHRR v3.2 (1982-2000): <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7916850" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.5281/zenodo.7916850</a></li> <li>LCSPP-MODIS v3.2(2001-2023): <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11658088" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.5281/zenodo.11658088</a></li> </ul> <p>The user can choose between LCSPP-AVHRR and LCSPP-MODIS for the overlapping period from 2001-2023. The two datasets are generally consistent during this overlapping period, although LCSPP-MODIS shows a stronger greening trend between 2001-2023. For studies exploring the long-term vegetation dynamics, the user can either use only LCSPP-AVHRR or use a blend dataset of LCSPP-AVHRR and LCSPP-MODIS as a sensitivity test. </p> <p>In addition, the updated long-term continuous reflectance datasets (LCREF), used for the production of LCSPP, can be accessed using the following links:</p> <ul> <li>LCREF-AVHRR v3.2 (1982-2023): <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11905959" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.5281/zenodo.11905959</a></li> <li>LCREF-MODIS v3.2 (2001-2023): <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11657458" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.5281/zenodo.11657458</a></li> </ul> <p>A manuscript describing the technical details is available at <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.14987" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.14987</a>, while detailed the uses and limitations of the dataset. In particular, we note that <strong>LCSPP</strong> <strong>is a reconstruction of SIF-informed photosynthesis proxy and should not be treated as SIF measurements</strong>. Although LCSPP has demonstrated skill in tracking the dynamics of GPP and PAR absorbed by canopy chlorophyll (APARchl), it is not suitable for estimating fluorescence quantum yield.</p> <p>All data outputs from this study are available at 0.05° spatial resolution and biweekly temporal resolution in NetCDF format. Each month is divided into two files, with the first file “a” representative of the 1<sup>st</sup> day to the 15<sup>th</sup> day of a month, and the second file “b” representative of the 16<sup>th</sup> day to the last day of a month.</p> <p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Satellite-observed solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is a powerful proxy for the photosynthetic characteristics of terrestrial ecosystems. Direct SIF observations are primarily limited to the recent decade, impeding their application in detecting long-term dynamics of ecosystem function. In this study, we leverage two surface reflectance bands available both from Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR, 1982-2023) and MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, 2001-2023). Importantly, we calibrate and orbit-correct the AVHRR bands against their MODIS counterparts during their overlapping period. Using the long-term bias-corrected reflectance data from AVHRR and MODIS, a neural network is trained to produce a Long-term Continuous SIF-informed Photosynthesis Proxy (LCSPP) by emulating Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 SIF, mapping it globally over the 1982-2023 period. Compared with previous SIF-informed photosynthesis proxies, LCSPP has similar skill but can be advantageously extended to the AVHRR period. Further comparison with three widely used vegetation indices (NDVI, kNDVI, NIRv) shows a higher or comparable correlation of LCSPP with satellite SIF and site-level GPP estimates across vegetation types, ensuring a greater capacity for representing long-term photosynthetic activity.</p>
Long-term Continuous SIF-informed Photosynthesis Proxy reconstructed with MODIS surface reflectance (LCSPP-MODIS), 2001-2023
<p><strong>Usage Notes</strong>:<br>This is the updated LCSPP dataset (v3.2), reconstructed using the MODIS record from 2001–2023. Previously referred to as "LCSIF," the dataset was renamed to emphasize its role as a SIF-informed long-term photosynthesis proxy derived from surface reflectance and to avoid confusion with directly measured SIF signals. The MODIS-based LCSPP is generated as an ancillary product to complement and benchmark the LCSPP-AVHRR product from 1982-2023.</p> <p>Key updates in version 3.2 include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Improved Calibration</strong>: Enhanced consistency in calibration methods, addressing technical limitations in version 3.1 including applying more stringent quality filtering and snow masks.</li> <li><strong>Quality Flags</strong>: New quality flag layer enables users to identify whether a pixel is derived from observed surface reflectance (QA=0), high-quality gap-filled values (QA=1), lower-quality gap-filled based on the mean seasonal cycle (QA=2), or missing entirely (QA=3). We advice the user to rely only on observed and high-quality gap-filled values for their analyses.</li> <li><strong>Extension</strong> to include observations from the year of 2023.</li> </ul> <p>LCSPP-AVHRR repositories can be accessed via the following links:</p> <ul> <li>LCSPP-AVHRR v3.2 (1982-2000): <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7916850" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.5281/zenodo.7916850</a></li> <li>LCSPP-AVHRR v3.2 (2001-2023): <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11906675" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.5281/zenodo.11906675</a></li> </ul> <p>The user can choose between LCSPP-AVHRR and LCSPP-MODIS for the overlapping period from 2001-2023. The two datasets are generally consistent during this overlapping period, although LCSPP-MODIS shows a stronger greening trend between 2001-2023. For studies exploring the long-term vegetation dynamics, the user can either use only LCSPP-AVHRR or use a blend dataset of LCSPP-AVHRR and LCSPP-MODIS as a sensitivity test. </p> <p>In addition, the updated long-term continuous reflectance datasets (LCREF), used for the production of LCSPP, can be accessed using the following links:</p> <ul> <li>LCREF-AVHRR v3.1 (1982-2023): <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11905959" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.5281/zenodo.11905959</a></li> <li>LCREF-MODIS v3.1 (2001-2023): <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11657458" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.5281/zenodo.11657458</a></li> </ul> <p>A manuscript describing the technical details is available at <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.14987" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.14987</a>, while detailed the uses and limitations of the dataset. In particular, we note that <strong>LCSPP</strong> <strong>is a reconstruction of SIF-informed photosynthesis proxy and should not be treated as SIF measurements</strong>. Although LCSPP has demonstrated skill in tracking the dynamics of GPP and PAR absorbed by canopy chlorophyll (APARchl), it is not suitable for estimating fluorescence quantum yield.</p> <p>All data outputs from this study are available at 0.05° spatial resolution and biweekly temporal resolution in NetCDF format. Each month is divided into two files, with the first file “a” representative of the 1<sup>st</sup> day to the 15<sup>th</sup> day of a month, and the second file “b” representative of the 16<sup>th</sup> day to the last day of a month.</p> <p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Satellite-observed solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is a powerful proxy for the photosynthetic characteristics of terrestrial ecosystems. Direct SIF observations are primarily limited to the recent decade, impeding their application in detecting long-term dynamics of ecosystem function. In this study, we leverage two surface reflectance bands available both from Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR, 1982-2023) and MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, 2001-2023). Importantly, we calibrate and orbit-correct the AVHRR bands against their MODIS counterparts during their overlapping period. Using the long-term bias-corrected reflectance data from AVHRR and MODIS, a neural network is trained to produce a Long-term Continuous SIF-informed Photosynthesis Proxy (LCSPP) by emulating Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 SIF, mapping it globally over the 1982-2023 period. Compared with previous SIF-informed photosynthesis proxies, LCSPP has similar skill but can be advantageously extended to the AVHRR period. Further comparison with three widely used vegetation indices (NDVI, kNDVI, NIRv) shows a higher or comparable correlation of LCSPP with satellite SIF and site-level GPP estimates across vegetation types, ensuring a greater capacity for representing long-term photosynthetic activity.</p> <p> </p>
Vertical profiles of leaf photosynthesis and leaf traits, and soil nutrients in two tropical rainforests in French Guiana before and after a three-year nitrogen and phosphorus addition experiment
<p>We provide a comprehensive dataset of vertical profiles of photosynthetic capacity and important leaf traits, including leaf N and P concentrations, from two three-year, large-scale fertilisation experiments conducted in two tropical rainforests in French Guiana. These data present a unique source of information to further improve model representations of the roles of N, P, and other leaf nutrients, in photosynthesis in tropical forests. To further facilitate the use of our data in syntheses and model studies, we provide an elaborate list of ancillary data, including important soil properties and nutrients, along with the leaf data. As environmental drivers are key to improve our understanding of carbon (C)-nutrient cycle interactions, this comprehensive dataset will aid to further enhance our understanding of how nutrient availability interacts with C uptake in tropical forests.</p>
Age and phenology control photosynthesis and leaf traits in the understory woody species, Rhamnus cathartica and Prunus serotina
<p>Dataset contains leaf physiological variables and leaf traits from Rhamnus cathartica (buckthorn) and Prunus serotina (Black cherry) measured in Summer 2019 at Macalester College's Ordway Field Station. All data were collected on understory individuals from 4 sites within the forest in late May and early July, 2019. We sampled from 'tree' individuals and seedlings of both species. All methods and measurement protocols are published in Heskel et al. 2022 in <em>AoB-PLANTS</em>, currently in revision.</p> <p>Data includes: <br> Vcmax (umol m2-s-1)</p> <p>Jmax (umol m2-s-1)</p> <p>Fv/Fm (no units)</p> <p>Leaf Stomatal Density (stomata mm-2)</p> <p>Dark respiration (umol m2-s-1)</p> <p>Asat (umol m2-s-1)</p> <p>A400 (umol m2-s-1)</p> <p>Carbon Gain Efficiency (CGE, no units)</p> <p>CGE_400 (CGE at 400 PAR, no units)</p> <p>Leaf Mass per Are (LMA, g m-2)</p> <p> </p>
The evolution of C4 photosynthesis in Flaveria (Asteraceae): Insights from the Flaveria linearis complex
<p>Flaveria is a leading model for C4 plant evolution due to the presence of a dozen C3-C4 intermediate species, many of which are associated with a phylogenetic complex centered around F. linearis. To investigate C4 evolution in Flaveria, we updated the Flaveria phylogeny and evaluated gas exchange, starch δ13C, and activity of C4 cycle enzymes in 19 Flaveria species and 28 populations within the F. linearis complex. A principal component analysis identified six functional clusters: i) C3, ii) sub-C2, iii) full C2, iv) enriched C2, v) sub-C4, and vi) fully C4 species. The sub-C2 species lacked a functional C4 cycle, while a gradient was present in the C2 clusters from little to modest C4 cycle activity as indicated by δ13C and enzyme activities. Three Yucatan populations of F. linearis had photosynthetic CO2 compensation points equivalent to C4 plants but showed little evidence for an enhanced C4 cycle, indicating they have an optimized C2 pathway that recaptures all photorespired CO2 in the bundle sheath (BS) tissue. All C2 species had enhanced aspartate aminotransferase activity relative to C3 species and most had enhanced alanine aminotransferase activity. These aminotransferases form aspartate and alanine from glutamate and in doing so help return photorespiratory nitrogen (N) from BS to mesophyll cells, preventing glutamate feedback onto photorespiratory N assimilation. Their use requires upregulation of parts of the C4 metabolic cycle to generate carbon skeletons to sustain N return to the mesophyll, and thus could facilitate the evolution of the full C4 photosynthetic pathway.</p>
Data from: Efficient carbon recycling between calcification and photosynthesis in red coralline algae
<p>Red coralline algae create abundant, spatially vast, reef ecosystems throughout our coastal oceans with significant ecosystem service provision, but our understanding of their basic physiology is lacking. In particular, the balance and linkages between carbon-producing and carbon-sequestering processes remain poorly constrained, with significant implications understanding their role in carbon sequestration and storage. Using a dual radioisotope tracing, we provide evidence for coupling between photosynthesis (which requires CO2) and calcification (which releases CO2) in the red coralline alga Boreolithothamnion soriferum (previously Lithothamnion soriferum) – a marine ecosystem engineer widely distributed across Atlantic mid-high latitudes. Of the sequestered HCO3-, 38±22% was deposited as carbonate skeleton whilst 39±14% was incorporated into organic matter via photosynthesis. Only 38±2% of the sequestered HCO3- was transformed into CO2, and almost 40% of that was internally recycled as photosynthetic substrate, reducing the net release of carbon to 23±3% of the total uptake. Calcification rate was strongly dependent on photosynthetic substrate production, supporting the presence of photosynthetically-enhanced calcification. The efficient carbon-recycling physiology reported here suggests that calcifying algae may not be as important in marine system CO2 release as is currently assumed, supporting a reassessment of their role in blue carbon accounting.</p>
Regional differences in leaf evolution facilitate photosynthesis following severe drought
<p>Characterizing physiological and anatomical changes that underlie rapid evolution following climatic perturbation can broaden our understanding of how climate change is affecting biodiversity. It can also provide evidence of cryptic adaptation despite stasis at higher levels of biological organization.</p> <p>Here we compared evolutionary changes in populations of <em>Mimulus cardinalis </em>from historically different climates in the north and south of the species' range following an exceptional drought. We grew seeds produced from pre-drought ancestral plants alongside peak-drought descendants in a common greenhouse and exposed them to wet and dry conditions.</p> <p>Prior to the drought, northern ancestral populations expressed traits contributing to drought escape, while southern ancestral populations expressed drought avoidance. Following the drought, both regions evolved to reduce water loss and maintain photosynthesis in dry treatments (drought avoidance), but via different anatomical alterations in stomata, trichomes, and palisade mesophyll. Additionally, southern populations lost the ability to take advantage of wet conditions.</p> <p>These results reveal rapid evolution towards drought avoidance at an anatomical level following an exceptional drought, but suggest that differences in the mechanisms between regions incur different trade-offs. This sheds light on the importance of characterizing underlying mechanisms for downstream life-history and macromorphological traits.</p>
Dataset for "Influences of light and humidity on carbonyl sulfide-based estimates of photosynthesis"
<p>Measurements between February and July 2017 in Hyytiälä, Finland as presented in "Influences of light and humidity on carbonyl sulfide-based estimates of photosynthesis". Dataset consists of: branch fluxes and mole fractions of COS and CO2; LRU; eddy-covariance fluxes of COS and CO2; COS-based GPP estimates and GPP based on nighttime respiration extrapolated to the daytime; stomatal conductance; internal conductance; meteorological information. </p>
Low-intensity insect herbivory could have large effects on ecosystem productivity through reduced canopy photosynthesis. R code and data.
<p>R code and data to reproduce analysis in the publication: Visakorpi K., Gripenberg S., Malhi Y. and Riutta T. Low-intensity insect herbivory could have large effects on ecosystem productivity through reduced canopy photosynthesis. Web Ecology, 2024.</p> <p> </p> <p>File named "Visakorpietal2024_litteratureSurvey.csv" contains data collected from literature survey and to perform a meta-analysis. The columns contain the following data:</p> <p>Reference = unique identifier for each study</p> <p>group_id = if a study described several experiments or treatments, this column identifies them from each other.</p> <p>Plant_species = name of the plant species studied</p> <p>Herbivore_species = name of the herbivore species studies</p> <p>Plant_species_phylo and Plant_species_phylo2 = alternative ways to write the plant species name for phylogenetic analysis</p> <p>Plant_clade = Angiosperm or Gymnosperm</p> <p>Growth_form = seedling, sapling or tree</p> <p>Herbivore_order = phylogenetic order of the herbivore species</p> <p>Herbivore_family = phylogenetic family of the herbivore species</p> <p>Type_of_herbivory = chewing, sap-sucking, root-feeding, leafmining or bark-feeding</p> <p>Leaf_type = whether the leaf that was measured was damaged by herbivores, or intact</p> <p>Manipulation = whether herbivores were added (A) or removed (R)</p> <p>Year_published = year when the study was published</p> <p>PN_herb, SD_herb, se_herb, n_herb = photosynthetic rate, standard deviation, standard error, and sample size, of the treatment group (i.e. experiencing herbivory)</p> <p>PN_intact, SD_intact, se_intact, n_intact = photosynthetic rate, standard deviation, standard error, and sample size, of the control group (i.e. not experiencing herbivory)</p> <p>Indirect_effect, SD_indirect = the proportional difference in photosynthetic rates between the treatment and control values, and the standard deviation of the proportional difference</p>
Photosynthesis from stolen chloroplasts can support sea slug reproductive fitness
<p>Some sea slugs are able to steal functional chloroplasts (kleptoplasts) from their algal food sources, but the role and relevance of photosynthesis to the animal host remain controversial. While some researchers claim that kleptoplasts are slowly digestible 'snacks', others advocate that they enhance the overall fitness of sea slugs much more profoundly. Our analysis show light-dependent incorporation of <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N in the albumen gland and gonadal follicles of the sea slug <i>Elysia timida</i>, representing translocation of photosynthates to kleptoplast-free reproductive organs. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with reported roles in reproduction were produced in the sea slug cells using labelled precursors translocated from the kleptoplasts. Finally, we report reduced fecundity of <i>E. timida</i> by limiting kleptoplast photosynthesis. The present study indicates that photosynthesis enhances the reproductive fitness of kleptoplast-bearing sea slugs, confirming the biological relevance of this remarkable association between a metazoan and an algal-derived organelle.</p>
Airborne cues accelerate flowering and promote photosynthesis in Brassica rapa
<p>1. Volatile cues can induce and/or prime plant defences, but it is less well known if plants also respond by altering growth and reproduction-related parameters.</p> <p>2. Here we evaluated whether plant volatile cues can elicit changes in growth, flower production, net photosynthesis rate and defences in receiver plants and whether those responses are similar to those elicited in response to direct herbivore-feeding.</p> <p>3. Our results demonstrate that exposure to volatiles emitted from damaged neighbours accelerated the time to first flowering, increased the number of flowers produced and the net photosynthesis rate, but did not alter the fresh harvested plant biomass and volatile defences, compared to non-exposed plants. Earlier flowering was also observed for plants exposed to volatiles from undamaged plants.</p> <p>4. These responses differed from those of plants exposed to actual herbivore-feeding for which feeding enhanced net photosynthesis rate but reduced growth and had no effect on reproduction and defence in response to subsequent herbivory.</p> <p>5. Synthesis. These findings document that plant airborne cues can influence floral traits of receiver plants. In particular, the flower phenology is modulated, and photosynthesis is enhanced, suggesting that carbon allocation could be directed toward reproduction.</p>
The role of chloroplast movement in C4 photosynthesis: A theoretical analysis using a 3-D reaction-diffusion model for maize
<p>Chloroplast movement within mesophyll (M) cells in C<sub>4</sub> plants is hypothesized to enhance the CO<sub>2</sub> concentrating mechanism (CCM), but this is difficult to verify experimentally. A three-dimensional (3-D) leaf model can help analyze how chloroplast movement influences the operation of CCM. The first volumetric reaction-diffusion model of C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesis that incorporates: detailed 3-D leaf anatomy, light propagation, ATP and NADPH production and CO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub> and bicarbonate concentration driven by diffusional and assimilation/emission processes, was developed and implemented for maize leaves to simulate various chloroplast movement scenarios within M cells: the movement of all M chloroplasts towards bundle-sheath (BS) cells (aggregative movement) and movement of only those of interveinal M cells towards BS cells (avoidance movement). Light absorbed by bundle-sheath (BS) chloroplasts relative to M chloroplasts increased in both cases. Avoidance movement decreased light absorption by M chloroplasts considerably. Consequently, total ATP and NADPH production and net photosynthesis rate increased for aggregative movement and decreased for avoidance movement case compared to the default case of no chloroplast movement at high light intensities. Leakiness increased in both chloroplast movement scenarios due to the imbalance in energy production and demand in M and BS cells. These results suggest the need to design strategies for coordinated increases in electron transport and Rubisco activities for an efficient CCM at very high light intensities.</p>
Data for: Periplasmic biomineralization for semi-artificial photosynthesis
<p><span>Semiconductor-based biointerfaces are typically established either on the surface of the plasma membrane or within the cytoplasm. In gram-negative bacteria, the periplasmic space, characterized by its confinement and the presence of numerous enzymes and peptidoglycans, offers additional opportunities for biomineralization, allowing for non-genetic modulation interfaces. Here, we demonstrate semiconductor nanocluster precipitation containing single- and multiple-metal elements within the periplasm, as observed through various electron- and X-ray-based imaging techniques. The periplasmic semiconductors are metastable and display defect-dominant fluorescent properties. Surprisingly, the defect-rich (i.e., the low-grade) semiconductor nanoclusters produced in situ can still increase adenosine triphosphate levels and malate production when coupled with photosensitization. We expand the sustainability levels of the biohybrid system to include reducing heavy metals at the primary level, building living bioreactors at the secondary level, and creating semi-artificial photosynthesis at the tertiary level. The biomineralization-enabled periplasmic biohybrids have the potential to serve as defect-tolerant platforms for diverse sustainable applications.</span></p>
SIF and CLM5 outpfile files to support Kunik et al "Satellite-based solar-induced fluorescence tracks seasonal and elevational patterns of photosynthesis in California's Sierra Nevada mountains"
<p>These files contain 0.04° monthly sampled TROPOMI SIF, corrected for length of day and topography ("SIFdc_dem") over the Sierra Nevada region of California, along with Community Land Model (CLM) v5.0 point and regional simulation output. CLM5.0 simulations with prognostic vegetation state (CLM5.0-BGC, files begninning with "clm5_") and with satellite phenology (CLM5.0-SP, files beginning with "clm5_SP_") are provided. </p>
Photosynthesis and rhizome carbohydrate concentrations of switchgrass grown from reserve-depleted rhizomes
<p class="MsoNormal">A long-standing question in perennial grass breeding and physiology is whether yield improvement strategies could compromise winter survival. Perennial grasses rely on the pool of carbohydrates accumulated in storage organs from the previous growing season for winter maintenance and spring regrowth. Yield improvement strategies could reduce winter survival if they increase biomass and grain yields at the expense of carbon allocation to storage. Therefore, it is crucial to better understand the dependence of regrowth on storage reserves. We experimentally depleted switchgrass (<em>Panicum virgatum</em> L.) rhizome reserves by storing rhizomes for two weeks at 5 °C (control treatment) and 25 °C (reserve-depleted treatment). During the storage period rhizome respiration was 5.3x higher at 25 °C (0.010 <span>μ</span>mol CO<sub>2</sub> g<sup>-1</sup> min<sup>-1</sup> at 5 °C vs. 0.054 <span>μ</span>molCO<sub>2</sub> g<sup>-1</sup> min<sup>-1</sup> at 25 °C; P < 0.0001) and the starch content was depleted by 30% by the end of storage. Surprisingly, reserve-depleted switchgrass had 60 % larger leaf area, and produced ~40% more aboveground biomass than control plants. In addition, it restored its rhizome starch reserves to pre-storage levels. Switchgrass showed a large plasticity amongst its source-sink components to buffer the imposed reserve depletion. It increased plant photosynthesis by increasing the photosynthetic leaf area while keeping photosynthesis constant on a leaf area basis and readjusted the timing and activity of sink organs to maintain a constant allocation of carbon to storage that was greater than the control treatment. These results suggest that switchgrass, and potentially other perennial grasses, largely over-invest in storage reserves, therefore, current breeding strategies in perennial grasses aimed to extend the growing season should not compromise crop persistence. Our study also has implications on long-term yield dynamics as it highlights sink-limitations as potential driver of the yield decline commonly observed in perennial grasses 5+ years after cultivation.</p>
Data From: Effects of measurement methods and growing conditions on phenotypic expression of photosynthesis in seven diverse rice genotypes
<p class="p1"><strong>Introduction: </strong>Light response curves are widely used to quantify phenotypic expression of photosynthesis by measuring a single sample and sequentially altering light intensity within a chamber (sequential method) or by measuring different samples that are each acclimated to a different light level (nonsequential method). Both methods are often conducted in controlled environments to achieve steady-state results, and neither method involves equilibrating the entire plant to the speci<span class="s1">fi</span>c light level.</p> <p class="p1"><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we compare sequential and non-sequential methods in controlled (greenhouse), semi-controlled (plant grown in growth chamber and acclimated to <span class="s1">fi</span>eld conditions 2-3 days before measurements), and <span class="s1">fi</span>eld environments. We selected seven diverse rice genotypes (<span class="s1">fi</span>ve genotypes from the USDA rice minicore collection: 310588, 310723, 311644, 311677, 311795; and 2 additional genotypes: Nagina 22 and Zhe 733) to understand (1) the limitations of different methods, and (2) phenotypic plasticity of photosynthesis in rice grown under different environments.</p> <p class="p1"><strong>Results:</strong> Our results show that the non-sequential method was time-ef<span class="s1">fi</span>cient and captured more variability of <span class="s1">fi</span>eld conditions than the sequential method, but the model parameters were generally similar between the two methods except for the maximum photosynthesis rate (A<sub>max</sub>). A<span class="s2"><sub>max</sub> </span>was signi<span class="s1">fi</span>cantly lower across all genotypes under greenhouse conditions compared to the growth chamber and <span class="s1">fi</span>eld conditions consistent with prior work, but surprisingly the apparent quantum yield (α) and the mitochondrial respiration (R<sub><span class="s2">d</span></sub>) were generally not different among growing environments or measurement methods.</p> <p class="p1"><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our results suggest that <span class="s1">fi</span>eld conditions are best suited to quantify phenotypic differences across different genotypes, and the nonsequential method was better at capturing the variability in photosynthesis.</p>
Morphology, anatomy and photosynthesis data for two leaf types of Ficus pumila
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Plants that display heteroblasty possess conspicuous variations in leaf morphology between their juvenile and adult phases, with certain species retaining juvenile-like leaves even in adulthood. Nevertheless, the ecological advantages of maintaining two or more distinct leaf types in heteroblastic plants at the adult stage remain unclear. The aim of this study is to examine the adaptive significance of heteroblastic leaves sampled from branches with divergent functions (sterile and fertile branches) of mature <em>Ficus pumila</em> individuals by comparing their morphological, anatomical, and physiological characteristics. Leaves on sterile branches (LSs) exhibited a significantly larger specific leaf area, thinner palisade and spongy tissues, lower chlorophyll contents, and lower light saturation points than leaves on fertile branches (LFs). These results demonstrate that LSs are better adapted to low light environments, while LFs are well equipped to take advantages of high light conditions. However, both LFs and LSs have a low light compensation point with no significant difference between them, indicating that they start to accumulate photosynthetic products under same light conditions. Interestingly, significant higher net photosynthetic rate was detected in LFs, showing they have higher photosynthetic capacity. Furthermore, LFs produced significant more nutrients compared to LSs, which may associate to their ability of accumulating more photosynthetic products under full light conditions and higher photosynthetic capacity. Overall, we observed a pattern of divergence in morphological features of leaves on two functional branches. Anatomical and physiological features indicate that LFs have an advantage in varied light conditions, providing amounts of photosynthetic products to support the sexual reproduction, while LSs adapt to low light environments. Our findings provide evidence that heteroblasty facilitates <em>F. pumila</em> to utilize varying light environments, likely associated with its growth form as a climbing plant. This strategy allows the plant to allocate resources more effectively and optimize its overall fitness.</span></p>
Data from: Efficient carbon recycling between calcification and photosynthesis in red coralline algae
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ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.