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5,538 results for “population data”
Data from: Telomere heritability and parental age at conception effects in a wild avian population
<p>Individual variation in telomere length is predictive of health and mortality risk across a range of species. However, the relative influence of environmental and genetic variation on individual telomere length in wild populations remains poorly understood. Heritability of telomere length has primarily been calculated using parent–offspring regression which can be confounded by shared environments. To control for confounding variables, quantitative genetic 'animal models' can be used, but few studies have applied animal models in wild populations. Furthermore, parental age at conception may also influence offspring telomere length, but most studies have been cross-sectional. We investigated within- and between- parental age at conception effects and heritability of telomere length in the Seychelles warbler using measures from birds caught over 20 years and a multi-generational pedigree. We found a weak negative within-paternal age at conception effect (as fathers aged, their offspring had shorter telomeres) and a weak positive between-maternal age at conception effect (females that survived to older ages had offspring with longer telomeres). Animal models provided evidence that heritability and evolvability of telomere length was low in this population, and that variation in telomere length was not driven by early-life effects of hatch period or parental identities. qPCR plate had a large influence on telomere length variation and not accounting for it in the models would have underestimated heritability. Our study illustrates the need to include and account for technical variation in order to accurately estimate heritability, as well as other environmental effects, on telomere length in natural populations. </p>
Data from: Drift happens: molecular genetic diversity and differentiation among populations of jewelweed (Impatiens capensis Meerb.) reflect fragmentation of floodplain forests
Landscape features often shape patterns of gene flow and genetic differentiation in plant species. Populations that are small and isolated enough also become subject to genetic drift. We examined patterns of gene flow and differentiation among 12 floodplain populations of the selfing annual jewelweed (Impatiens capensis Meerb.) nested within four river systems and two major watersheds in Wisconsin, USA. Floodplain forests and marshes provide a model system for assessing the effects of habitat fragmentation within agricultural/urban landscapes and for testing whether rivers act to genetically connect dispersed populations. We generated a panel of 12,856 single nucleotide polymorphisms and assessed genetic diversity, differentiation, gene flow, and drift. Clustering methods revealed strong population genetic structure with limited admixture and highly differentiated populations (mean multilocus FST = 0.32, FST' = 0.33). No signals of isolation by geographic distance or environment emerged, but alleles may flow along rivers given that genetic differentiation increased with river distance. Differentiation also increased in populations with fewer private alleles (R2 = 0.51) and higher local inbreeding (R2 = 0.22). Populations varied greatly in levels of local inbreeding (FIS = 0.2 to 0.9) and FIS declined in smaller, more isolated populations. These results suggest that genetic drift dominates other forces in structuring these Impatiens populations. In rapidly changing environments, species must migrate or genetically adapt. Habitat fragmentation limits both processes, potentially compromising the ability of species to persist in fragmented landscapes.
Data from: Long-term persistence of monotypic dengue transmission in small size isolated populations, French Polynesia, 1978-2014
<p>Understanding the transition of epidemic to endemic dengue transmission remains a challenge in regions where serotypes co-circulate and there is extensive human mobility. French Polynesia, an isolated group of 72 inhabited islands, distributed among five geographically separated subdivisions, has recorded mono-serotype epidemics since 1944, with long inter-epidemic periods of circulation. Laboratory confirmed cases have been recorded since 1978, enabling exploration of dengue epidemiology under monotypic conditions in an isolated, spatially structured geographical location. A database was constructed of confirmed dengue cases, geolocated to island for a 35-year period. Statistical analyses of viral establishment, persistence and fade-out as well as synchrony among subdivisions were performed. Seven monotypic and one heterotypic dengue epidemic occurred, followed by low-level viral circulation with a recrudescent epidemic occurring on one occasion. Incidence was asynchronous among the subdivisions. Complete viral die-out occurred on several occasions with invasion of a new serotype, but also in the absence of any novel serotype. Island population size had a strong impact on the establishment, persistence and fade-out of dengue cases and endemicity was estimated achievable only at a population size in excess of 175 000. Despite island remoteness and low population size, dengue cases were observed somewhere in French Polynesia almost constantly, in part due to the spatial structuration generating asynchrony among subdivisions. Long-term persistence of dengue virus in this group of island populations may be enabled by island hopping, although could equally be explained by a reservoir of sub-clinical infections on the most populated island, Tahiti.</p>
Data from: Natural selection on antihelminth antibodies in a wild mammal population
<p>An effective immune response is expected to confer fitness benefits through improved resistance to parasites but also energetic costs which negatively impact fitness-related traits such as reproduction. These fitness costs and benefits of an immune response are likely to depend on host age, sex, and levels of parasite exposure. Few studies have examined the full extent to which patterns of natural selection on immune phenotypes vary across demographic groups and environments in the wild. Here, we assessed natural selection on plasma levels of three functionally distinct isotypes (IgA, IgE and IgG) of antibodies against a prevalent nematode parasite measured in a wild Soay sheep population over 25 years. We found little support for environment-dependent selection or reproductive costs. However, antibody levels were negatively associated with parasite egg counts and positively associated with subsequent survival, albeit in a highly age- and isotype-dependent manner. Raised levels of anti-parasite IgA best predicted reduced egg counts but this did not predict survival in lambs, whilst in adult females increased anti-parasite IgG predicted reduced egg counts and improved survival. Our results highlight the potential importance of age-dependent selection on immune phenotypes in nature, and that patterns of selection can vary even amongst functionally-related immune markers.</p>
Data from: Different genetic structures revealed resident populations of a specialist parasitoid wasp in contrast to its migratory host
Genetic comparisons of parasitoids and their hosts are expected to reflect ecological and evolutionary processes that influence the interactions between species. The parasitoid wasp, Cotesia vestalis, and its host diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, provide opportunities to test whether the specialist natural enemy migrates seasonally with its host or occurs as resident population. We genotyped 17 microsatellite loci and two mitochondrial genes for 158 female adults of C. vestalis collected from 12 geographical populations, as well as nine microsatellite loci for 127 DBM larvae from six separate sites. The samplings covered both the likely source (southern) and immigrant (northern) areas of DBM from China. Populations of C. vestalis fell into three groups, pointing to isolation in northwestern and southwestern China and strong genetic differentiation of these populations from others in central and eastern China. In contrast, DBM showed much weaker genetic differentiation and high rates of gene flow. TESS analysis identified the immigrant populations of DBM as showing admixture in northern China. Genetic disconnect between C. vestalis and its host suggests that the parasitoid did not migrate yearly with its host but likely consisted of resident populations in places where its host could not survive in winter.
Data from: Sporadic genetic connectivity among small insular populations of the rare geoendemic plant Caulanthus amplexicaulis var. barbarae (Santa Barbara Jewelflower)
Globally, a small number of plants have adapted to terrestrial outcroppings of serpentine geology, which are characterized by soils with low levels of essential mineral nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mo) and toxic levels of heavy metals (Ni, Cr, Co). Paradoxically, many of these plants are restricted to this harsh environment. Caulanthus ampexlicaulis var. barbarae (Brassicaceae) is a rare annual plant that is strictly endemic to a small set of isolated serpentine outcrops in the coastal mountains of central California. The goals of the work presented here were to 1) determine the patterns of genetic connectivity among all known populations of Caulanthus ampexlicaulis var. barbarae, and 2) estimate contemporary effective population sizes (Ne), in order to inform ongoing genomic analyses of the evolutionary history of this taxon, and to provide a foundation upon which to model its future evolutionary potential and long-term viability in a changing environment. Eleven populations of this taxon were sampled, and population-genetic parameters were estimated using 11 nuclear microsatellite markers. Contemporary effective population sizes were estimated using multiple methods and found to be strikingly small (typically Ne < 10). Further, our data showed that a substantial component of genetic connectivity of this taxon is not at equilibrium, and instead showed sporadic gene flow. Several lines of evidence indicate that gene flow between isolated populations is maintained through long-distance seed dispersal (e.g. > 1 km), possibly via zoochory.
Simulation of freely-diffusing smFRET data of a static mixture of 2 populations
<p>Simulation data created with PyBroMo smFRET simulation software.</p>
FIGURE 30 in Morphological and molecular data reveal the cryptic diversity among populations of Aegla paulensis (Decapoda, Anomura, Aeglidae), with descriptions of four new species and comments on dispersal routes and conservation status
FIGURE 30. Bayesian tree (TPM 2 uf + G) for Aegla species based on partial fragment of 16 S. Node numbers represent posterior probabilities (values <50 % are not shown), and divergence time in millions of years (my); * indicates the calibration points to molecular clock. The clade C proposed by Pérez-Losada et al. (2004) is highlighted in grey. The basin and sub-basin origin of the discussed species in this study are shown after the specific names.
FIGURE 24. A – L in Morphological and molecular data reveal the cryptic diversity among populations of Aegla paulensis (Decapoda, Anomura, Aeglidae), with descriptions of four new species and comments on dispersal routes and conservation status
FIGURE 24. A – L, proximal portion of fifth pereiopod showing coxa and sexual tube of long and narrow type. A – B, Aegla paulensis Schmitt, 1942 s. str., male topotype (MZUSP 34368). C – D, Aegla rosanae Campos Jr., 1998, male topotype (MZUSP 34369). E – F, Aegla vanini n. sp., male paratype (MZUSP 34372). G – H, Aegla japi n. sp., male paratype (MZUSP 34375). I – J, Aegla jaragua n. sp. male paratype (MZUSP 34378). K-L, Aegla jundiai n. sp., male paratype (MZUSP 13490). Bars: A – D, F – H, J = 200 µm; K, L = 100 µm; E, I = 500 µm.
FIGURE 8 in Morphological and molecular data reveal the cryptic diversity among populations of Aegla paulensis (Decapoda, Anomura, Aeglidae), with descriptions of four new species and comments on dispersal routes and conservation status
FIGURE 8. Types of Aegla Leach, 1820 male sexual tubes. A, long and narrow (A. lancinhas Bond-Buckup & Buckup in Santos et al., 2015, MZUSP 34403). B, short and wide (A. leptochela Bond-Buckup & Buckup, 1994, MZUSP 34491).
FIGURE 1 in Morphological and molecular data reveal the cryptic diversity among populations of Aegla paulensis (Decapoda, Anomura, Aeglidae), with descriptions of four new species and comments on dispersal routes and conservation status
FIGURE 1. Distribution of the species of Aegla in four main hydrographic basins of southern Brazil: Rio Grande, Rio Tietê (Upper Paraná system), Rio Paraíba do Sul and Ribeira de Iguape. Indications L 1 through L 7 refer to the locations mentioned under “ sampling area ” in the Material & Methods section.
Figure 9b. from: A first integrative study of the identity and origins of the British Dwarf Pill Millipede populations, Trachysphaera cf. lobata (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae) - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5176 (09 June 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5176
Figure 9b. - Taxonomically informative character examples. Abbreviations: AS = anal shield; T10 = tergite 10; c8 = male tergite 10, posterior margin, number of rows of large bacilli; c12 = male anal shield, shape. For more information on characters and states see Table 2.Figure 9a.TW30: T.lobata, male, South Wales (MBsID: 852824). Character states: two rows of bacilli on posterior edge of T10 (c8/1) and well-rounded anal shield (c12/0). This set of character states is (in our sample) unique for T.lobata.Figure 9b.GL07: T.cf.rousseti, male, Spain (MBsID: 852825). Character states: one row of bacilli on posterior edge of T10 (c8/0) and anal shield with special protuberance (c12/1). This set of character states is (in our sample) shared by T.pyrenaica, T.cf.rousseti, and T.cf.drescoi. <br>
Figure 9a. from: A first integrative study of the identity and origins of the British Dwarf Pill Millipede populations, Trachysphaera cf. lobata (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae) - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5176 (09 June 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5176
Figure 9a. - Taxonomically informative character examples. Abbreviations: AS = anal shield; T10 = tergite 10; c8 = male tergite 10, posterior margin, number of rows of large bacilli; c12 = male anal shield, shape. For more information on characters and states see Table 2.Figure 9a.TW30: T.lobata, male, South Wales (MBsID: 852824). Character states: two rows of bacilli on posterior edge of T10 (c8/1) and well-rounded anal shield (c12/0). This set of character states is (in our sample) unique for T.lobata.Figure 9b.GL07: T.cf.rousseti, male, Spain (MBsID: 852825). Character states: one row of bacilli on posterior edge of T10 (c8/0) and anal shield with special protuberance (c12/1). This set of character states is (in our sample) shared by T.pyrenaica, T.cf.rousseti, and T.cf.drescoi. <br>
Figure 8d. from: A first integrative study of the identity and origins of the British Dwarf Pill Millipede populations, Trachysphaera cf. lobata (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae) - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5176 (09 June 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5176
Figure 8d. - Telopods. SEM micrographs of Trachysphaeracf.drescoi and T.pyrenaica males from France. For TW# refer to Checklists. Abbreviations: fem = femur; pre = prefemur; syn = syncoxite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; 18 = leg (pair) 18.Figure 8a.T.cf.drescoi, anterior view (MBiID 852849)Figure 8b.T.cf.drescoi, anterior view (MBiID 852848)Figure 8c.T.pyrenaica, anterior view (MBiID 852894)Figure 8d.T.pyrenaica, posterior (anal) view (MBiID 852898) <br> GL07: T.cf.rousseti, male, Spain (MBsID: 852825). Character states: one row of bacilli on posterior edge of T10 (c8/0) and anal shield with special protuberance (c12/1). This set of character states is (in our sample) shared by T.pyrenaica, T.cf.rousseti, and T.cf.drescoi.
Figure 8c. from: A first integrative study of the identity and origins of the British Dwarf Pill Millipede populations, Trachysphaera cf. lobata (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae) - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5176 (09 June 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5176
Figure 8c. - Telopods. SEM micrographs of Trachysphaeracf.drescoi and T.pyrenaica males from France. For TW# refer to Checklists. Abbreviations: fem = femur; pre = prefemur; syn = syncoxite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; 18 = leg (pair) 18.Figure 8a.T.cf.drescoi, anterior view (MBiID 852849)Figure 8b.T.cf.drescoi, anterior view (MBiID 852848)Figure 8c.T.pyrenaica, anterior view (MBiID 852894)Figure 8d.T.pyrenaica, posterior (anal) view (MBiID 852898) <br> TW30: T.lobata, male, South Wales (MBsID: 852824). Character states: two rows of bacilli on posterior edge of T10 (c8/1) and well-rounded anal shield (c12/0). This set of character states is (in our sample) unique for T.lobata.
Figure 8b. from: A first integrative study of the identity and origins of the British Dwarf Pill Millipede populations, Trachysphaera cf. lobata (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae) - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5176 (09 June 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5176
Figure 8b. - Telopods. SEM micrographs of Trachysphaeracf.drescoi and T.pyrenaica males from France. For TW# refer to Checklists. Abbreviations: fem = femur; pre = prefemur; syn = syncoxite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; 18 = leg (pair) 18.Figure 8a.T.cf.drescoi, anterior view (MBiID 852849)Figure 8b.T.cf.drescoi, anterior view (MBiID 852848)Figure 8c.T.pyrenaica, anterior view (MBiID 852894)Figure 8d.T.pyrenaica, posterior (anal) view (MBiID 852898) <br> T.pyrenaica, posterior (anal) view (MBiID 852898)
Figure 8a. from: A first integrative study of the identity and origins of the British Dwarf Pill Millipede populations, Trachysphaera cf. lobata (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae) - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5176 (09 June 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5176
Figure 8a. - Telopods. SEM micrographs of Trachysphaeracf.drescoi and T.pyrenaica males from France. For TW# refer to Checklists. Abbreviations: fem = femur; pre = prefemur; syn = syncoxite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; 18 = leg (pair) 18.Figure 8a.T.cf.drescoi, anterior view (MBiID 852849)Figure 8b.T.cf.drescoi, anterior view (MBiID 852848)Figure 8c.T.pyrenaica, anterior view (MBiID 852894)Figure 8d.T.pyrenaica, posterior (anal) view (MBiID 852898) <br> T.pyrenaica, anterior view (MBiID 852894)
Figure 5d. from: A first integrative study of the identity and origins of the British Dwarf Pill Millipede populations, Trachysphaera cf. lobata (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae) - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5176 (09 June 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5176
Figure 5d. - Trachysphaera SEM characters. A+B: MBsID 852812, C-E: MBsID 852823. Abbreviations: AS = anal shield; Co = collum; Gr = groove, 'Ohrgrube'; h = head; T# = refers to number of tergite; th-sh = thoracic shield; c2 = collum, number of toothed ridges; c3 = thoracic shield anterior margin, number of rows of sclerotized nodules; c4 = thoracic shield, number of rows of large sclerotized protuberances; c5 = endotergum structure; c6 = endotergum, number of rows of setae; c7 = endotergum, number of rows of sclerotized nodules; c9 = female tergite 10, posterior margin, number of rows of large bacilli (with row counts 1, 2); c11 = female anal shield, shape; c13 = female anal shield, setae at posterior margin; c15 = female anal shield, large circular grooves (for more information on characters see Table 2).Figure 5a.TW1: T.lobata, female, Isle of Wight; anterior view; scale bar: 400 µmFigure 5b.TW1: T.lobata, female, Isle of Wight; anterior body part, lateral view; scale bar: 300 µmFigure 5c.TW29: T.lobata, female, South Wales; tergite 10 and anal shield, lateral view; scale bar: 300 µm; c13 points to Fig. 4eFigure 5d.TW29: T.lobata, female, South Wales; endotergum (underside of tergite); scale bar: 20 µmFigure 5e.TW29: T.lobata, female, South Wales; posterior margin of anal shield, detail; scale bar: 50 µm <br> anterior view (MBiID 852943)
Figure 7d. from: A first integrative study of the identity and origins of the British Dwarf Pill Millipede populations, Trachysphaera cf. lobata (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae) - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5176 (09 June 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5176
Figure 7d. - Telopods. SEM micrographs of Trachysphaeralobata male from South Wales. For TW# refer to Checklists. Abbreviations: fem = femur; pre = prefemur; syn = syncoxite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia.Figure 7a.anterior view (MBiID 853010)Figure 7b.anterior view (MBiID 853007)Figure 7c.posterior (anal) view (MBiID 853009)Figure 7d.posterior (anal) view (MBiID 853008) <br> T.cf.drescoi, anterior view (MBiID 852848)
Figure 6d. from: A first integrative study of the identity and origins of the British Dwarf Pill Millipede populations, Trachysphaera cf. lobata (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae) - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5176 (09 June 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5176
Figure 6d. - Telopods. SEM micrographs of Trachysphaeralobata males from Isle of Wight. For TW# refer to Checklists. Abbreviations: fem = femur; pre = prefemur; syn = syncoxite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia.Figure 6a.anterior view (MBiID 852943)Figure 6b.anterior view (MBiID 852942)Figure 6c.posterior (anal) view (MBiID 852974)Figure 6d.anterior view (MBiID 852977) <br> anterior view (MBiID 853007)
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.