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Nutrient and stoichiometric time series measurements of decomposing coarse detritus in freshwaters worldwide from literature published between 1976-2020.

This data publication is a database of published estimates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon content of decomposing coarse detritus though time in freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Nutrient content measurements are paired with estimates of detrital mass loss within decomposition time series (i.e., defined cohorts of decomposing material through time) with the goal of understanding patterns and drivers of temporal elemental dynamics of freshwater detritus. A systematic literature search for aquatic decomposition experiments conducted on 29 April 2020 generated 580 records (after trimming for duplicates and obvious relevance). From this literature pool, we extracted 810 decomposition time series and associated environmental data (e.g., temperature, water quality, detrital characteristics). Time series included in this synthesis include a range of detritus types (including terrestrial and aquatic plant material, carcasses, dung, and veneers), ecosystems (including streams, lakes, rivers, and wetlands), and settings (including natural ecosystems, field mesocosms, and laboratory microcosms).

Blair et al. 2020: Machine learning identification of ground beetles (repackaging of occurrences published by the NEON Biorepository Data Portal)

Blair, J.; Weiser, M. D.; Kaspari, M.; Miller, M.; Siler, C.; Marshall, K. E. 2020. Robust and simplified machine learning identification of pitfall trap-collected ground beetles at the continental scale. Ecology and Evolution 10 (23): 13143-13153. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6905 Additional NEON samples (not yet archived at the Biorepository) were used in this research: full list of occurrences used.

Stachewicz et al. 2021: Trait correlation, phylogenetic signal in Carabidae morphology (repackaging of occurrences published by the NEON Biorepository Data Portal)

Stachewicz JD, Fountain-Jones NM, Koontz A, Woolf H, Pearse WD, Gallinat AS. 2021. Strong trait correlation and phylogenetic signal in North American ground beetle (Carabidae) morphology bioRxiv 02.12.431029; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.12.431029 Many NEON samples and specimens used in this work resulted from NEON prototype data and will not be archived in the Biorepository. See the appendices in the above linked article for a full list of NEON samples and specimens and their associated collection data. Additionally, see appendices of above linked article for specimen-level morphological trait measurements and genetic sequence data.

Staines & Staines 2021: The Geadephaga (Coleoptera: Carabidae and Rhysodidae) of SERC (repackaging of occurrences published by the NEON Biorepository Data Portal)

Linked records of Carabidae and Rhysodidae specimens from the SERC site, collected between 2015-2018, included in the following publication: Staines, C.L. & Staines, S. L. The Geadephaga (Coleoptera: Carabidae and Rhysodidae) of the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Maryland. 2021. Banisteria 55: 75-100. Original abstract: "An inventory of the Geadephaga (Coleoptera) at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Anne Arundel County, Maryland is being conducted. Pitfall traps were placed and monitored from 2015 to 2018. From 2017 to 2020 directed collecting efforts were made to document the Geadephaga of the facility. A total of 111 Geadephaga species was collected: Carabidae - 110, Rhysodidae - 1." Research article available for download: https://virginianaturalhistorysociety.com/banisteria/pdf-files/ban55/Staines_SERC_Geadephaga.pdf

Decomissioned Site: Arthur Brook's (D01 ARTH) Legacy and Prototype Aquatic invertebrates (repackaging of occurrences published by the NEON Biorepository Data Portal)

This collection contains legacy and prototype NEON aquatic invertebrates from the decommissioned Arthur Brook's site in Worcester County, Massachusets. These samples and specimens were collected using NEON protocol NEON.DP1.20120 and are summarized in NEON Prototype dataset e7d152a1-1181-4c7e-ac75-ae707ffc7299. This data is available here.

Decomissioned Site: Ichawanochaway Creek (D03 ICHA) Legacy and Prototype Aquatic invertebrates (repackaging of occurrences published by the NEON Biorepository Data Portal)

This collection contains legacy and prototype NEON aquatic invertebrates from the decommissioned Ichawanochaway Creek site in Baker County, Georgia. These samples and specimens were collected using NEON protocol NEON.DP1.20120 and are summarized in NEON Prototype dataset 1599af29-fad4-4721-9b09-f8324b672d50. This data is available here.

Decommissioned Site: Mameyes (D04 MAME) Belowground Plant Biomass (Megapit) (repackaging of occurrences published by the NEON Biorepository Data Portal)

These samples are associated with NEON prototype dataset: NEON Decommissioned Site data: Root sampling, chemistry, and isotopes (Megapit) from D04 MAME site (a36e6ce2-d845-13e9-c881-c1d4e5881a53) DOI: 10.48443/j1hp-f273 NEON (National Ecological Observatory Network). NEON Decommissioned Site data: Root sampling, chemistry, and isotopes (Megapit) from D04 MAME site, v1 (10.48443/j1hp-f273). https://doi.org/10.48443/j1hp-f273. Dataset accessed from https://data.neonscience.org on July 7, 2021

Identified invertebrate bycatch from beetle pitfall traps at SJER and SOAP, 2017 - 2018 (repackaging of occurrences published by the NEON Biorepository Data Portal)

California permit requirements necessitated a more thorough identification of beetle pitfall samples than is typical of this protocol. These invertebrate bycatch samples therefore have occurrence associations that indicate their contents in both the NEON Biorepository and main NEON data portals.  See NEON prototype dataset 9bc959c-148b-aaad-aa35-2d0805327428 available here.

Pre- and Post- Hurricane Maria Dry Soil Collection (GUAN, LAJA) (repackaging of occurrences published by the NEON Biorepository Data Portal)

These samples from Soil Collection (Distributed Periodic) (NEON-SOIC-DP) were collected at NEON GUAN and LAJA sites in Puerto Rico before (July and November 2017) and after (July 2018) Hurricane Maria, a Category 5 storm that affected the Carribean and occurred September 16, 2017 – October 2, 2017.

NEON Biorepository Aquatic Microalgae Collection (Chemical Preservation) (repackaging of occurrences published by the NEON Biorepository Data Portal)

This collection contains subsamples of aquatic microalgae preserved in either glutaraldehyde or a high-iodine Lugol's solution (NEON sample class: ptx_taxonomy_in.preserved). Periphyton and phytoplankton samples are collected three times per year at wadeable stream, river, and lake sites during aquatic biology bout windows, roughly in spring, summer, and fall. Benthic samples are collected using the most appropriate sampler for the habitat and substratum type, including rock scrubs, grab samples, and epiphyton. In wadeable streams, periphyton samples are collected in the two most dominant benthic habitat types (e.g. riffles, runs, pools, step pools), and seston samples were collected from the water column near the S2 sensor (seston samples were discontinued in 2018). In lakes, water-column phytoplankton samples are collected near the buoy and littoral sensors using a Kemmerer sampler, and in littoral areas using the best benthic sampling method for the dominant substratum type. In rivers, phytoplankton samples are collected near the buoy and two other deep-water locations using a Kemmerer or Van Dorn sampler, and in littoral areas using the best benthic sampling method for the dominant substratum type. All field-collected samples are split into subsamples in the domain support facility, preserved, and shipped to a contracting taxonomy laboratory where samples are further subsampled for analysis and archiving. All samples are archived in 20 mL glass scintillation vials and stored in a temperature (17-18°C) and humidity controlled environment. Phytoplankton and seston samples are preserved in a 2% high-iodine Lugol's solution from 2014-2020 and 0.5% glutaraldehyde starting in 2021. Periphyton samples are preserved in 0.5% glutaraldehyde. See related links below for protocols and NEON related data products.

NEON Biorepository Aquatic Microalgae Collection (Freeze-dried) (repackaging of occurrences published by the NEON Biorepository Data Portal)

This collection contains freeze-dried subsamples of aquatic microalgae (NEON sample class: ptx_taxonomy_in.freezeDried). Periphyton and phytoplankton samples are collected three times per year at wadeable stream, river, and lake sites during aquatic biology bout windows, roughly in spring, summer, and fall. Benthic samples are collected using the most appropriate sampler for the habitat and substratum type, including rock scrubs, grab samples, and epiphyton. In wadeable streams, periphyton samples are collected in the two most dominant benthic habitat types (e.g. riffles, runs, pools, step pools), and seston samples were collected from the water column near the S2 sensor (seston samples were discontinued in 2018). In lakes, water-column phytoplankton samples are collected near the buoy and littoral sensors using a Kemmerer sampler, and in littoral areas using the best benthic sampling method for the dominant substratum type. In rivers, phytoplankton samples are collected near the buoy and two other deep-water locations using a Kemmerer or Van Dorn sampler, and in littoral areas using the best benthic sampling method for the dominant substratum type. All field-collected samples are split into subsamples in the domain support facility, preserved, and shipped to a contracting taxonomy laboratory where samples are further subsampled for analysis and archiving. Freeze dried subsamples contained cleaned, freeze dried diatoms. Samples are archived in 20 mL glass scintillation vials and stored at room temperature. See related links below for protocols and NEON related data products.

NEON Biorepository Aquatic Microalgae Collection (Microscope Slides) (repackaging of occurrences published by the NEON Biorepository Data Portal)

This collection contains slide-mounted subsamples of aquatic microalgae (NEON sample class: ptx_taxonomy_in.slideID). Periphyton and phytoplankton samples are collected three times per year at wadeable stream, river, and lake sites during aquatic biology bout windows, roughly in spring, summer, and fall. Benthic samples are collected using the most appropriate sampler for the habitat and substratum type, including rock scrubs, grab samples, and epiphyton. In wadeable streams, periphyton samples are collected in the two most dominant benthic habitat types (e.g. riffles, runs, pools, step pools), and seston samples were collected from the water column near the S2 sensor (seston samples were discontinued in 2018). In lakes, water-column phytoplankton samples are collected near the buoy and littoral sensors using a Kemmerer sampler, and in littoral areas using the best benthic sampling method for the dominant substratum type. In rivers, phytoplankton samples are collected near the buoy and two other deep-water locations using a Kemmerer or Van Dorn sampler, and in littoral areas using the best benthic sampling method for the dominant substratum type. All field-collected samples are split into subsamples in the domain support facility, preserved, and shipped to a contracting taxonomy laboratory where samples are further subsampled for analysis and archiving. Algae specimens in this collection contain cleaned diatom subsamples that have been mounted on glass microscope slides and are archived at room temperature. See related links below for protocols and NEON related data products.

NEON Biorepository Benthic Microbe Collection (Sterivex Filters) (repackaging of occurrences published by the NEON Biorepository Data Portal)

This collection contains benthic biofilm samples collected on 67 mm long, 1.7 cm diameter, 0.22 um Sterivex capsule filters (NEON sample class: amb_fieldParent_in.archiveID). Benthic biofilm samples are collected 3 times per year at the same time and location as periphyton (microalgae) samples and microbe samples sent for sequencing analysis, three times per year in wadeable streams during aquatic biology bout windows, roughly in spring, summer, and fall. Benthic biofilms are not collected in lakes and rivers. Samples are collected from rock and wood scrubs using field-sterile methods, and filtered through a 0.22 um Sterivex SVGP capsule filters. In wadeable streams, periphyton samples are collected in the two most dominant benthic habitat types (e.g. riffles, runs, pools, step pools). Sterivex filters are capped and flash-frozen in the field and then shipped to the Biorepository to be archived at -80 degrees Celsius. See related links below for protocols and NEON related data products.

NEON HQ Soil Archive (Megapit) (repackaging of occurrences published by the NEON Biorepository Data Portal)

This collection contains soil samples collected from the megapit at each terrestrial site (NEON sample class: mgp_perarchivesample). During the construction of all 47 terrestrial field sites, "Megapit" soils were collected from multiple horizons at a single soil pit that was up to 2m deep. These samples serve as a reference of soil physical and chemical conditions at the time the NEON site was constructed. The Megapit Archive is curated at the NEON program headquarters in Boulder, CO. Megapit soil samples are available upon request (https://www.neonscience.org/samples/soil-archive).

NEON Biorepository Particulate Mass Filter Collection (repackaging of occurrences published by the NEON Biorepository Data Portal)

This collection contains quartz microfiber particulate mass filters (NEON sample class: dpm_fieldData_in.sampleID and dpm_filterBlank_in.sampleID). Particulate mass sampling is executed at six of NEON's terrestrial sites, located in Domains 10, 13, and 15. The subset of sites included for sampling are those in the Basin and Range, Eastern and Western slopes of the Rocky Mountains, and the Eastern plains of Colorado. This selection of sites enables focus on transportation of particulate matter from the Great Basin and the Colorado Plateau by prevailing westerly winds over the Colorado Rocky Mountains, to receptor sites in the Rockies and Great Plains. Samples are collected by an automated assembly that pulls air through a quartz microfiber filter with a porosity of 10 micrometers, to collect PM10. Filters are weighed at high precision pre- and post-deployment at the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Air Resources Laboratory to determine dust deposition mass. Filters are then shipped to the Biorepository to be archived at 4 degrees Celsius in air-tight plastic sleeves. Subsamples of the filters are available to the science community upon request to enable the assessment of chemical and nutrient inputs in the region. Additionally, 5 filter blanks from each box of filters are archived and available upon request. See related links below for protocols and NEON related data products.

NEON Biorepository Soil Collection (Distributed Periodic) (repackaging of occurrences published by the NEON Biorepository Data Portal)

This collection contains air-dried soil samples collected during periodic soil sampling at NEON terrestrial sites (NEON sample class: sls_bgcSubsampling_in.bgcArchiveID). Soil biogeochemical samples are collected once every 5 years, with three unique sampling locations per plot and ten plots per site. Soil sampling is conducted to a maximum depth of 30 ± 1 cm where possible. When organic (O) and mineral (M) horizons are present within a single profile they are separated prior to analysis and archiving. However, other sub-horizons are not separated. Soil from the O horizon is homogenized and non-soil material is removed by hand (no sieving), whereas soil from the M horizon is homogenized and sieved to 2 mm. Prior to archiving, all soil samples are air-dried, then placed into glass jars and stored at room temperature. See links below for NEON data products that provide various physical, chemical, and biological measurements (pH, moisture, carbon and nitrogen content and stable isotopes, inorganic nitrogen pools and net transformation rates, microbial community composition and biomass) for these same soils. In addition, a more detailed characterization of the dominant soil types at each site, including taxonomy, texture, bulk density, and geochemical properties, occurred during the construction period of NEON through two projects. These data are available in NEON data products Soil physical and chemical properties, distributed initial characterization (DP1.10047.001) and Soil physical and chemical properties, Megapit (DP1.00096.001).

NEON Biorepository Soil Microbe Collection (Bulk Subsamples) (repackaging of occurrences published by the NEON Biorepository Data Portal)

This collection contains samples collected during periodic soil sampling and frozen at ultra-low temperatures in order to provide material for microbial sequencing or other microbial analyses (NEON sample classes: sls_soilCoreCollection_in.geneticArchiveSample1ID, sls_soilCoreCollection_in.geneticArchiveSample2ID, sls_soilCoreCollection_in.geneticArchiveSample3ID, sls_soilCoreCollection_in.geneticArchiveSample4ID, sls_soilCoreCollection_in.geneticArchiveSample5ID,sls_metagenomicsPooling_in.compositeSampleID). Archive samples are collected during each soil sampling bout and are promptly frozen. Three unique locations are sampled per plot, with ten plots per site. Bouts occur three times per year in order to capture the prevailing conditions at the site during different seasons, except in Alaska where only 1 bout is possible. Soil sampling is conducted to a maximum depth of 30 ± 1 cm, and when organic (O) and mineral (M) horizons are present within a single profile, they are separated prior to analysis and archiving. However, other sub-horizons are not separated. During the majority of bouts, only the top horizon (O if present, else M) is collected and archived. Soils are homogenized and non-soil material is removed by hand in the field, then subsamples are immediately frozen on dry ice. They are maintained in ultra-low temperature freezers until shipment to the Biorepository. See links below for NEON data products that provide physical, chemical, and biological measurements for these same soils (soil pH and moisture are always measured; chemical properties as well as microbial community composition and biomass are determined only for a subset of collection bouts). In addition, a more detailed characterization of the dominant soil types at each site, including taxonomy, texture, bulk density, and geochemical properties, occurred during the construction period of NEON through two projects. These data are available in NEON data products Soil physical and chemical

NEON Biorepository Soil Microbe Collection (DNA Extracts ) (repackaging of occurrences published by the NEON Biorepository Data Portal)

This collection contains genetic extracts from soil microbes collected during periodic soil sampling at NEON terrestrial sites (NEON sample class: mic_dnaExtraction_in.soilDnaSampleID). Three unique locations are sampled per plot with ten soil plots per site. Bouts occur three times per year in order to capture the prevailing conditions at the site during different seasons, except in Alaska where there only 1 bout is possible. However, the frequency of genetic analysis and thus DNA archiving varies by site type. Soil sampling is conducted to a maximum depth of 30 ± 1 cm, and when organic (O) and mineral (M) horizons are present within a single profile, they are separated prior to analysis and archiving. However, other sub-horizons are not separated. During the majority of bouts, only the top horizon (O if present, else M) is analyzed for genetic content. Soils are homogenized and non-soil material is removed by hand in the field, then subsamples are immediately frozen on dry ice. They are maintained in ultra-low temperature freezers until they are shipped to an analytical facility for DNA extraction, sample preparation and sequencing. During peak greenness bouts, subsamples from each of the 3 sampling locations per plot are combined to form a plot-level composite that is used for metagenomics analysis. Laboratory metadata are delivered to NEON for QC testing and acceptance, and then formatted for upload to public sequence repositories. Genetic extracts are shipped from the analytical facility in 96-well plates to the NEON Biorepository to be archived at -80 degrees Celsius. See links below for NEON data products that provide physical, chemical, and biological measurements for these same soils (soil pH, moisture, and microbial properties are always measured; chemical properties are determined only for a subset of collection bouts). The metabarcoding protocol used by Battelle Applied Genomics is available in the NEON document library (https://data.neonscience.org/docu

NEON Biorepository Surface Water Microbe Collection (Sterivex Filters) (repackaging of occurrences published by the NEON Biorepository Data Portal)

This collection contains surface water microbe samples collected on 67 mm long, 1.7 cm diameter, 0.22 um Sterivex capsule filters (NEON sample class: amc_fieldCellCounts_in.archiveID). Surface water microbe samples are collected at the same time and location as surface water cell count samples and surface water chemistry samples once per month in wadeable streams (12 times per year) and every-other month in lakes and rivers (6 times per year). Details on sampling locations and timing are provided in the NEON document titled Surface Water Chemistry Sampling in Aquatic Habitats (https://data.neonscience.org/documents). In wadeable streams, surface water microbe samples are collected near the downstream S2 sensor location. In lakes, microbial samples are collected near the the 'buoy', 'littoral 1', and 'littoral 2' sensors, and sampling depth(s) is dependent on lake stratification. In rivers, microbial samples are collected near the buoy sensor. Water samples are filtered on 0.22 um Sterivex capsule filters, capped and flash-frozen in the field. Sterivex filters are archived at the NEON Biorepository at -80 degrees Celsius. See related links below for protocol.