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6,741 results for “rates”
Salt marsh decomposition rates using Tea Bag Index in two Southeastern MA marshes in the towns of Fairhaven and Dartmouth from 2020-2022.
Natural disturbances, sea level rise, and historic human impacts to salt marshes have increased impounded water on marsh surfaces, resulting in vegetation loss and the associated loss of important ecosystem services such as carbon storage. Runnels are a climate adaptation technique designed to restore salt marsh habitat by reestablishing a tidal connection between impounded water and a nearby drainage feature. However, panne formation and runnel restoration can alter carbon decomposition. We measured decomposition using the Tea Bag Index at two marshes, one in Fairhaven and the other in Dartmouth, MA. We repeated measurements for three years: 1 year prior to runnel creation, and two years post. We measured decomposition at three spatial zones, the center of the panne, landward of the panne, and seaward of the panne.
Comparison of terrestrial versus aquatic decomposition rates of logs at the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1985 to 2015
The data collected from this study describe the decomposition of small logs (20-30 cm diameter, 2 m length) in a stream channel to those on an adjacent upland site at the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest. The stream is a 3rd order above the junction of Lookout Creek and Mack Creek. Three species of trees are being examined: Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and red alder. Data collection started in 1985 and is scheduled to continue to 2050. Periodically a subset of logs is resampled to determine changes in volume, bark cover, density, and nutrient stores. The last set of samples was collected in 2005. Logs ranging in diameter between 20 and 30 cm of a length of 2 m were cut out of live trees of the three species. Logs were placed by hand along a skid road at the terrestrial site. A cable system was used to place log randomly along a stream reach. The location of logs in the stream is noted when they are sampled. The length and diameter as well as bark cover of each sampled log is noted at the time of sampling (td01701). Six cross-sections are removed with a chainsaw. The thickness of the tissue types is noted (inner bark, outer bark, sapwood, and heartwood) and are described in td01702. Samples of each tissue type are taken to determine their moisture content (water mass/dry mass) and density (dry mass/green volume). Density is derived from dry mass and volume as determined via dimensional measurements. Dimensional data, volumes, masses, density, and moisture content are documented in the td01703 table. The volume of logs and tissue types, the total mass, and proportional mass of the tissue types as well as moisture contents is derived from the data in the other data tables and is stored in the td01704 table.
Stream Consumers and Lotic Ecosystem Rates (SCALER) in streams of the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, 2014-2016
SCALER attempts to address the question of whether small-scale ecological experiments can be applied to understand the behavior of entire ecological systems. Specifically, the role of comsumers to stream functional processes were examined by measurements of structure and function within stream reaches. These results feed into a broader continent wide examination within a variety of ecological systems. Rates of stream metabolism (photosynthesis and respiration) and nutrient uptake were measured, as well as the way these rates respond to animal exclusions (used to mimic loss of animal diversity in streams). Aquatic food web and biogeochemical responses in three consecutive 75m stream reaches were measured by manipulating densities of fish and amphibians (natural, depletion, and addition). Additionally, various stream characteristics were measured including streamflow, water chemistry, nutrients, metabolism, stream habitat measurements (wetted widths, depths and substrate), and canopy conditions (percent shade). The experiment was carried out every summer between 2014-2016 in streams of the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest to capture interannual variability.
Daily water-column rates of sunlight absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) leached from permafrost soils collected from the North Slope of Alaska in the summers of 2018 and 2022
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was leached from permafrost soils near the Toolik Field Station in the Alaskan Arctic. Daily rates of sunlight absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) from the permafrost soil leachates over the water column depth of an arctic headwater stream were quantified.
Data from nitrogen isotopic analyses used to calculate biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) rates and field measurements from lichen, bryophyte, litter, and soil samples in MAT2006 plots, Arctic LTER, Toolik Field Station, Alaska, summers 2022-2023.
This dataset contains nitrogen (N) fixation and isotope data from experimental samples collected at Toolik Lake, Alaska during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons. Sampling was conducted across multiple block treatments to capture spatial variability and included four substrate types: lichen, moss, litter, and soil. Within each plot, substrates were collected systematically along transects to ensure representative sampling, with lichen samples collected opportunistically due to lower abundance. Samples were incubated in the field under ambient conditions using 15N₂ to measure biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). In 2023, a short-term wetting experiment was conducted to assess the influence of moisture on BNF rates, with subsamples exposed to controlled additions of water. Across both years, data include isotope ratios, incubation conditions, moisture, fresh and dry biomass, and treatment assignments. The dataset provides information on BNF across substrate types, moisture regimes, and fertilization treatments in Arctic tundra. These data support investigation of N cycling processes, the influence of moisture and fertilization on fixation rates, and variability across vegetation types. The dataset is complete for the two field seasons (2022 and 2023) and includes sample- and block-level metadata necessary for reuse in ecological and biogeochemical research.
Temporal transect of moss-associated N2 fixation rates in Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Toolik
This is a dataset coving multiple moss species (Hylocomium splendens, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Pleurozium schreberi, Sphagnum sp., others) and their associated d15N following incubation with 15N2 in June, July, and August over the course of one growing season in 2017. Three sites at each location (Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Toolik Field Station) were sampled. We measured rates of nitrogen fixation using 15N2 incubations in a common garden close to the sites of collection.
Reciprocal transplant of mosses from Arctic tundra to alpine tundra and associated N2 fixation rates
In the summer of 2018, 12 cores were taken at Toolik Field Station. Six of those cores were retransplanted into their home environment, while six we transplanted to Eight Mile Lake. At Eight Mile Lake, the same procedure was followed. One year later, these transplants were revisited and associated N2 fixation rates were measured for Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium scheberi and Aulacomnium turgidum using 15N2 gas incubations.
Periphyton Accumulation Rates from Shark River Slough, Taylor Slough and Florida Bay, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), South Florida, USA, January 2001 - ongoing
Periphyton accumulation rates were measured quarterly at FCE LTER sites in SRS and TS/Ph marshes (SRS 1-3, TS/Ph 1-3) and the seagrass meadows of Florida Bay (TS/Ph 9-11). Glass slides were used as artificial substrates for periphyton growth. Twenty slides were incubated for 2 months in triplicate periphytometers (flow-through plastic boxes) at the surface (marsh sites) and bottom (seagrass sites) at each site. In addition, at seagrass sites, twelve artificial seagrass blades were incubated for two months in triplicate at each site. Blades were made from strips of transparency film anchored to the bottom and floating upward toward the surface by use of a styrofoam bead on the top of the blade. Data are presented in terms of grams dry and ash-free dry mass accumulated per area per time, as well as the chlorophyll a content of the dry mass and its rate of accumulation. Total phosphorus content of accumulated periphyton is also provided. This is part of continuous data collection to test the hypothesis that phosphorus availability and hydroperiod influence periphyton production in the Everglades.
Benthic chlorophyll concentrations and gross oxygenic photosynthesis rates in surficial estuarine intertidal sediments at sites on Sapelo Island and near the Satilla River from January, April, June and July 2001
Seasonal patterns of estuarine creek-bank and intertidal marsh benthic chlorophyll and gross oxygenic photosynthesis were investigated at several sites on Sapelo Island and the Satilla River in coastal Georgia. Benthic chlorophyll were measured in the bulk surface centimeter depth of sediment. Gross oxygenic photosynthesis rates were integrated over 100 um resolution measurements below the sediment water interface using oxygen microelectrodes. Several relatively pristine sites on Sapelo Island (Moses Hammock, Dean Creek and Marine Institute) and a presumably heavily impacted site (Dover Bluff) show similar levels of chlorophyll concentration and photosynthesis rate across bank and marsh zones with higher photosynthetic biomass and activity in the spring season. Nutrient inputs to these study sites are also suggested as a control on gross oxygenic photosynthesis rates as evidenced by a relationship between photosynthesis rate and land-use.
Benthic chlorophyll concentrations and gross oxygenic photosynthesis rates in surficial estuarine intertidal sediments at sites on Sapelo Island and near the Satilla River from June and August 2002
Seasonal patterns of estuarine creek-bank and intertidal marsh benthic chlorophyll and gross oxygenic photosynthesis were investigated at several sites on Sapelo Island and the Satilla River in coastal Georgia. Benthic chlorophyll were measured in the bulk surface centimeter depth of sediment. Gross oxygenic photosynthesis rates were integrated over 100 um resolution measurements below the sediment water interface using oxygen microelectrodes. Several relatively pristine sites on Sapelo Island (Moses Hammock, Dean Creek and Marine Institute) and a presumably heavily impacted site (Dover Bluff) show similar levels of chlorophyll concentration and photosynthesis rate across bank and marsh zones with higher photosynthetic biomass and activity in the spring season. Nutrient inputs to these study sites are also suggested as a control on gross oxygenic photosynthesis rates as evidenced by a relationship between photosynthesis rate and land-use.
Benthic chlorophyll, density, porosity, and organic content concentrations and gross oxygenic photosynthesis rates in surficial estuarine intertidal sediments at sites on Sapelo Island and near the Satilla River from January, April, June and July 2001
Seasonal patterns of estuarine creek-bank and intertidal marsh benthic chlorophyll, density, porosity, and organic content were investigated at several sites on Sapelo Island and the Satilla River in coastal Georgia. Benthic chlorophyll, density, porosity, and organic content were measured in the bulk surface centimeter depth of sediment. Several relatively pristine sites on Sapelo Island (Moses Hammock and Dean Creek) and a presumably heavily impacted site (Dover Bluff) show similar levels of chlorophyll concentration across bank and marsh zones with higher photosynthetic biomass in the spring season.
Rates of consumption of marsh periwinkles (Littoraria irrorata) by mud crabs (Eurytium limosum and Panopeus obesus) between August and December in a Georgia salt marsh
Predatory mud crabs (Panopeus obesus and Eurytium limosum) are two of the main resident infaunal predators in southeastern US salt marshes.The relative importance of the two species in the trophic control of marsh periwinkles (snails; Littoraria irrorata) is likley to change across seasons. We therefore manipulated the these predator species (Panopeus obesus and Eurytium limosum) in experimental cages in the field (at Dean Creek, Sapelo Island, GA) and assessed monthly predation rates over four months, between 15th August to 15th December. We included 3 treatments, consisting of two treatments containing each species alone, and one containing both species together; all treatments had the same density. Specifically, 1) 4 x Panopeus individuals; 2) 4 x Eurytium individuals; 3) 2 x Panopeus individuals + 2 Eurytium individuals. Only adult crabs (33-40mm carapace diameter) were used. We maintained the treatments over 4 months (15th Aug - 15th Dec 2009), replacing any missing crabs every two weeks and counting the number of snails killed by predators each month.
Photosynthetic rates of leaves from reduced and enhanced precipitation treatments at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 2007-2008
This data package contains photosynthetic rate data for leaves collected from mesquite shrubs and black grama grasses at the Jornada Basin LTER site in 2007-2008. The purpose of this study was to quantify ecophysiological performance of shrubs and grasses in the context of precipitation manipulations. One mesquite and one black grama leaf from each plot (n = 20 plots; 5 PPT treatments X 4 replicate plots/treatment) were measured 5 times beginning July 2007 and ending in August 2008. Plots were subjected to precipitation treatments consisting of +/-80%, +/-50%, and ambient/control. A subset of plots also had a nitrogen addition treatment. Leaves were excised from plants and immediately measured for photosynthetic rate under ideal conditions in a LiCor cuvette. This study has been completed.
Jornada Experimental Range (USDA-ARS) annual stocking rates for cattle, horses, and sheep, 1916-2001
This data package contains data on stocking rates for cattle, horses, and sheep on all pastures of the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range beginning in 1916. Grazing goats were infrequent and are therefore included as part of the sheep category. Stocking rates are expressed in animal unit month (AUM), which is based on metabolic weight and average amount of forage needed by each animal unit per month. Total AUM is calculated for each year for each animal unit. This study was completed in 2001 and will not be updated. NOTE: The USDA-ARS discontinued regular updates to this dataset after 2002 because of de-stocking.
RIV07 Seeding rates woody removal of a tallgrass prairie stream and riparian zone after a decade of woody vegetation removal
In fall of 2010 in watershed N2B ( 39.088976°, -96.588599°), we established plant community plots to assess the potential ability of the riparian zone to shift to a grassland state based on cutting alone and cutting with replanting. The three treatments were 1) naturally open riparian grassland before the removal, 2) areas cleared of woody vegetation, and 3) areas cleared of woody vegetation and seeded with prairie plant species. The addition of the seeded treatment was designed to address if recovery of grassland vegetation is hindered by propagule limitation. The seeded and non-seeded removal plots were adjacent to each other and randomly assigned. In each community type, there were four plots, each of which was 10 m parallel along and 3 m perpendicular to the stream channel. Each plot had four plant composition transects along which we sampled four one m2 subplots along each transect. Vegetative cover of vascular plant species was determined using a modified Daubenmire scale (Gibson and Hulbert 1987).
Interactions between plants and fungi and their roles in decay rates and CO2 release in five tropical leaf species
A microcosm experiment was used to test for the effects of interactions between particular plant and fungal decomposer species on rates of leaf decomposition. Each microcosm contained one species of leaf that was sterilized with gamma irradiation and then inoculated with a single fungus. Five plant species and ten fungal species (two dominants from each of the litter types) were used in all possible combinations. Plant species were selected for pair-wise comparisons based on phylogenetic relationships and litter quality characteristics. Decomposition was measured by both mass loss and CO2 release. Differences in weight loss and CO2 evolution were highly significant for plants, fungal species, and their interactions. Mass loss was positively correlated with CO2 evolution. Contrary to our hypotheses, however, microfungal dominants did not decompose their source leaves faster than microfungal dominants from other leaf species, nor were responses to other types of specificity detected. Matching of fungi to leaf substrates by their source, by phylogenetic relationships, or by chemical, physical and structural characteristics was not associated with consistent increases in decomposition. Although previously documented differences in microfungal species composition and dominance among decomposing leaves of different trees were confirmed in this study, such differences apparently do not directly affect the rates of ecosystem processes. The presence in a few of the microcosms of a generalist basidiomycete that had ligninolytic enzymes, Melanotus eccentricus, significantly accelerated the rate of decomposition. Non-specific basidiomycetes may therefore have a stronger effect on early stages of leaf litter decomposition than host-selective microfungi. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Pue
Thymidine uptake rates for estimating bacterial production in lakes, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (1993-2023, ongoing)
An important part of the McMurdo Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) is monitoring of spatial and temporal patterns, and processes that control bacterial production in perennial ice-covered lakes. This data set quantifies thymidine (TdR) uptake by bacteria, which can be used to estimate bacterial production.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Early life stage bottleneck determines rates of coral recovery following severe disturbance; Data for Speare et al., 2024, Ecology
The data included in this data package were collected on the north shore of Moorea, French Polynesia, from 2011-2018 to evaluate drivers of different recovery rates of corals at two depths (10m and 17m). Data on juvenile coral densities, growth, and mortality, were collected from annual time series photoquadrats. Data from two experiments on coral settlement tiles were used to evaluate how exclusion of fishes influences the density of coral recruits, and the survival of coral recruits at 10 and 17m. These data were used for analyses in the manuscript entitled "Early life stage bottleneck determines rates of coral recovery following severe disturbance". These data are in support of a publication Speare et al. (2024) Ecology. This material uses data collected by the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF) Moorea Coral Reef Long Term Ecological Research (MCR LTER) site under Grant No. OCE 2224354 (and earlier awards). Additional financial support to the MCR LTER site was provided through a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2024).
MCR LTER: Coral Reef Resilience: Herbivore Bite Rates on the North Shore Forereef July-August 2010
These data describe bite rates of two abundant species of roving herbivorous fishes found on the forereef, Chlorurus sordidus (Scaridae), and Ctenochaetus striatus (Acanthuridae). During several days in July and August 2010, a SCUBA diver followed individual focal fish for a period of up to 5 minutes and recorded the number of bites taken as well the types of substrates bitten. Upon randomly locating a focal individual, divers estimated the total length of that individual as well as their depth at the initiation (and termination) of the observation. Data are organized in two data tables. The first data table (Focal_Herbivore_Bite_Rates) contains individuals that were observed at two depths (~ 10 m and ~ 17 m) at LTER 1 as part of a balanced sampling design (see Sampling Protocol/Design). The second data table (Additional_Bite_Rate_Data) contains individuals that were observed opportunistically at LTER 1 and Resilience 2. To minimize the effect of time of day on fish behavior, all data were collected between 10:00 and 16:00, a period of time which corresponds with peak feeding rates for many herbivorous fishes. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2018). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Macrophyte Rating - Madison Lakes Area 1995 - current
Aquatic macrophytes are sampled from a boat at stations located at depths from 1 to 4 meters at 0.5-m intervals along transects perpendicular to the lake shoreline of the four primary study lakes in the Madison area (Lakes Mendota, Monona, and Wingra, and Fish Lake) from June to August. A weighted, double-headed garden rake is cast off the front left, front right, rear left, and rear right of the boat and then dragged approximately 2 meters across the bottom by means of an attached line. For each rake cast, filamentous algae and any aquatic macrophyte species present are assigned a density rating from 0-5 based on the extent of coverage of the upper rake head. Determination of extent of coverage involves judgment of the surveyor as to the number of rake teeth and area of teeth covered by each species. It is necessary to separate plants to assess individual species coverage. Ratings from the 4 rake casts at each station can be averaged to compute an overall density rating for each species found at the station.1 to 4 meters at 0.5-m intervals along transects perpendicular to the lake shoreline of the four primary study lakes in the Madison area (Lakes Mendota, Monona, and Wingra, and Fish Lake) from June to August. A weighted, double-headed garden rake is cast off the front left, front right, rear left, and rear right of the boat and then dragged approximately 2 meters across the bottom by means of an attached line. In addition (see related data set: Macrophyte Weight --- Madison Lakes Area), the total plant mass and the total filamentous algae mass in each tow is measured. To the maximum extent possible, water is squeezed from the plants to minimize the amount of water present in the final weight. Weights are recorded in the boat using field scales. Weights from the 4 rake casts at each station can be averaged to compute overall average weights for plant mass and for filamentous algae mass at the station. Sampling Frequency: annually during summer Number of sites: 4
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.