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The Sonora Substellar Atmosphere Models. IV. Elf Owl: Atmospheric Mixing and Chemical Disequilibrium with Varying Metallicity and C/O Ratios (L- type Models)
<ul> <li><strong>Overview of V2: "The Sonora Substellar Atmosphere Models. V: A Correction to the Disequilibrium Abundance of CO2 for Sonora Elf Owl"</strong></li> </ul> <p> Version 2 of the Sonora Elf Owl Models updates the CO2 and PH3 abundances and spectra. As described in the Wogan et al. (2024) research note (URL OF NOTE GOES HERE), Version 1 of the models did not apply the CO2 quench approximation properly resulting in predicted CO2 abundances that were too small by several orders of magintude in some cases. Version 2 fixes this mistake, updating CO2 abundances and the emission spectra to reflect the new CO2 abundances. Version 2 also removes all spectra contributions of PH3 because Version 1 consistently contained too much PH3 absorption when compared to JWST data (Veiler et al. 2024, <a href="http://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad6759" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad6759</a>).</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>Overview of V1</strong></li> </ul> <p> The Sonora Elf Owl Models is a successor to the <a href="../records/5063476#:~:text=This%20particular%20set%20of%20model,g%20are%200.25%20or%200.5.">Sonora Bobcat</a> and <a href="../records/4450269">Sonora Cholla</a> models. The Sonora Elf Owl model grid includes cloud-free radiative-convective equilibrium model atmospheres with vertical mixing induced disequilibrium chemistry with sub-solar to super-solar atmospheric metallicities and Carbon-to-Oxygen ratio. The atmospheric models have been computed using the open-source radiative-convective equilibrium model <a href="https://natashabatalha.github.io/picaso/">PICASO</a>. The parameters included within this grid are effective temperature (<strong><em>Teff</em></strong>), gravity (<strong><em>log(g)</em></strong>), vertical eddy diffusion coefficient (<strong><em>log(Kzz)</em></strong>), atmospheric metallicity (<strong><em>[M/H]</em></strong>), and Carbon-to-Oxygen ratio (<strong><em>C/O</em></strong>).</p> <p>The ranges and increments of these parameters are described in the published paper.<br><br></p> <ul> <li><strong>Three grids available on three links</strong></li> </ul> <p><strong> The model grid has been presented using three Zenodo repositories. This repository has all the models between 1300 to 2400 K (applicable for L- type objects). The models for Teff between 275 to 550 K (applicable for Y- type objects) are available in the Zenodo DOI :- <a href="../records/10381250">https://zenodo.org/records/10381250</a>. The models for Teff between 575 to 1200 K (applicable for T- type objects) are available in the Zenodo DOI :- <a href="../records/10385821">https://zenodo.org/records/10385821</a>.</strong></p> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong> File types and how to use them</strong></li> </ul> <p> The models have been presented in the Xarray format so that all the atmospheric properties including the T(P) profile, atmospheric chemistry, and thermal emission spectra can be accessed within the same files. A python based Jupyter notebook named "Reading and plotting Elf Owl Models.ipynb" has been also supplied which demonstrates how to open and use these files.</p> <ul> <li> <strong>Spectra</strong></li> </ul> <p> The emission spectra for each atmospheric model has been computed between 0.6 to 15 microns. The reported flux is in the units of erg/s/cm<sup>2</sup>/cm. Note that these fluxes need to be multiplied with R<sup>2</sup>/D<sup>2</sup> before comparing them with the typically observed flux of brown dwarfs/exoplanets. R is the radius of the object, and D is the distance here.</p> <div> </div> <div> <ul> <li><strong>Note on CH4</strong></li> </ul> </div> <p> As stated in <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023ApJ...942...71M/abstract">Mukherjee et al. 2023 </a>our CH4 opacity is derived using the <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4365/ab7a1a">Hargreaves et al. 2020 </a>HITEMP line list and computed using the HAPI code (<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022407315302466">Kochanov et al. 2016</a>). HAPI automatically pre-weights the isotopologues according to earth abundances that are listed on the HITRAN website (<a href="https://hitran.org/lbl/2?6=on" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">see here for CH4</a>). Therefore, users should note that there will be minor features of CH3D included in the models. Given the general absence of deuterated molecules in brown dwarfs (Teff>~300) we will include a second posting of models which includes the Elf Owl grid with <strong>only</strong> the major CH4 isotopologue (12C-H4).</p> <div> <ul> <li><strong>Note on PH3</strong></li> </ul> </div> <p> In v1, PH3 abundance was treated separately from the general disequilibrium scheme. This is because of the current non-detection of PH3 in many brown dwarf atmospheres (see citations in paper). The current PH3 treatment uses the chemical equilibrium treatment described in Visscher et al. However, after publishing this grid and using the model for analysis of high precision JWST data, we noticed that even the simple chemical equilibrium treatment which reduces the abundance, introduces a noticeable PH3 feature. In v2 we completely remove the contribution of PH3. </p>
Experimental evolution under varying sex ratio and behavioral plasticity in response to perceived competitive environment independently affect calling effort in male crickets
<p>The operational sex ratio (OSR) is a key component influencing the magnitude of sexual selection driving the evolution of male sexual traits, but males often also retain the ability to plastically modulate trait expression depending on the current environment. Here we employed an experimental evolution approach to determine whether the OSR affects the evolution of male calling effort in decorated crickets, a costly sexual trait, and whether plasticity in calling effort is altered by the OSR under which males have evolved. Calling effort of males from two selection regimes maintained at different OSRs over 18–20 generations (male- versus female-biased) was recorded at two different levels of perceived competition, in the absence of rivals or in the presence of an experimentally muted competitor. The effect of the OSR on the evolution of male calling effort was modest and in the opposite direction predicted by theory. Instead, the immediate competitive environment strongly influenced male calling effort as males called more in the presence of a rival, revealing considerable plasticity in this trait. This increased calling effort came at a cost, however, as males confined with a muted rival experienced significantly higher mortality.</p>
Caudal fin area: body length ratio (A:L 2; mean..) FIGURE 5 CF s S E measured from photographs of Salmo trutta parr at 20 and 32 weeks after exercise treatment initiation. A:L 2 values between the two CF s groups were significantly different (Welch's two sample t- test p <0.05) in Body shape and robustness response to water flow during development of brown trout Salmo trutta parr
Caudal fin area: body length ratio (A:L 2; mean..) FIGURE 5 CF s S E measured from photographs of Salmo trutta parr at 20 and 32 weeks after exercise treatment initiation. A:L 2 values between the two CF s groups were significantly different (Welch's two sample t- test p <0.05)
Association between family income to poverty ratio and nocturia
<p>Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2005-2010, including 6,662 adults aged 20 or older, were utilized for this cross-sectional study. The baseline data was used to display the distribution of each characteristic visually. Multiple linear regression and smooth curve fitting were used to study the linear and non-linear correlations between PIR and nocturia. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were conducted to examine the stability of intergroup relationships.</p>
Signal-to-Noise Ratios, DYNAMITE Posteriors, and Combined Detectability Plots for 173 TESS Multi-Planet Systems
<p>Collection of figures for 173 TESS Multi-Planet Systems. Each figure (titled with the system's TOI number) has 2 rows of planets, corresponding to results from the clustered period model (upper) and period ratio model (lower) predictions for an additional planet in each system. The left-most column of the plots show the signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of simulated transits for planets with a given radius and period in the corresponding TESS light curve. The middle column shows the dot product of the radius and period posteriors generated by DYNAMITE using TESS light curves up to and including Sector 76. The right-most column shows the detectability (SNR) modulated by the DYNAMITE posteriors, showing the location in (P, Rp) space where an additional planet in this system is most likely to be detected under each model.</p>
Byproduct-to-host ratios for assessing the accessibility of mineral resources
<p>This repository contains the supplementary information files of the article "Byproduct-to-host ratios for assessing the accessibility of mineral resources", published in the journal Environmental Sciences & Technology. This version of SI files is more documented than the previous one and with reference added to the article.</p> <ul> <li>"SI_1_BtH_ratios_v0.1.xlsx" contains both input data and results of the article</li> <li>"SI_2_Historic_prices.xlsx" contains the historical market price of mineral resources covered in the study</li> <li>"SI_3_Representavity_dataset.xlsx" containts the dataset required to evaluate the representativity of the dataset with regards to alternative estimates in the literature</li> <li>"SI_4_RR_LitReview.xlsx" show the data collected during the literature review of minerals recovery rates along global supply chains</li> <li>"SI_5_Production_2021.xlsx" provides the primary production of minerals in 2021</li> <li>"SI_6_Host_byproduct_Greffe2024.docx" provides additional information on the methodology and data collection</li> <li>"SI_7_Representativity_results.xlsx" contains the output results of the representativity check, using data from supporting information 1 and supporting information 3</li> </ul> <p>BtH ratios are obtained using "ResC" data in "SI_1_BtH_ratios_v0.1.xlsx" and using the byproduct_host_ratio python class available at: https://github.com/TitouanGreffe/BtH_ratios</p> <p>Article here: <a title="DOI URL" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c05293">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c05293</a></p>
Fig. 5 in Seasonal changes in the gonadossomatic index, allometric condition factor and sex ratio of an auchenipterid catfish from eastern Amazonia
Fig. 5. Bimonthly variation in the raw data (a,c) and mean values (b, d) for the condition factor (K) in juvenile (a, b) and adult (c, d) male of the Auchenipterichthys longimanus collected from July 2008 to July 2009 in the Caxiuanã National Forest.
Fig. 1 in Seasonal changes in the gonadossomatic index, allometric condition factor and sex ratio of an auchenipterid catfish from eastern Amazonia
Fig. 1. Sampling area in the National Forest of Caxiuanã, Pará State, showing the rivers where the fish were collected. Curuá River - Ferreira Penna Research Station (ECFPn), Caxiuanã River; Puraquequara River and Caquajó River. Some black spots represent more than one collection site.
Fig. 4 in Seasonal changes in the gonadossomatic index, allometric condition factor and sex ratio of an auchenipterid catfish from eastern Amazonia
Fig. 4. Bimonthly variation in the raw data (a,c) and mean values (b, d) of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) for female (a, b) and male (c, d) of the catfish Auchenipterichthys longimanus collected from July 2008 to July 2009 in the Caxiuanã National Forest.
Annual mean TROPOMI-derived ground-level NO2 mixing ratio (2019 - North America v1)
<p>Annual mean ground-level NO2 mixing ratio for 2019 inferred from the TROPOMI satellite instrument over North America at 0.025x0.03125 degree resolution. Included is 2019 annual mean and 1.5 year mean spanning July 2018 – December 2019.</p> <p><strong>Reference:</strong></p> <p>Cooper, M.J., R.V. Martin, C.A. McLinden, and J.R. Brook (2020), Inferring ground-level nitrogen dioxide concentrations at fine spatial resolution applied to the TROPOMI satellite instrument, Env. Res. Lett., DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/aba3a5</p>
Rosetta/VIRTIS-H water column densities, rotational temperatures, and apparent ortho-to-para ratios
<p>Table B.1. in ASCII format from Cheng et. al. "The water Ortho-to-Para ration in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, A&A 2022</p>
A GC-IRMS method for measuring sulfur isotope ratios of carbonyl sulfide from small air samples
<p>This dataset contains supporting files, figures and datasets for the method of sulfur isotope measurements of carbonyl sulfide and ambient air measurements in the Netherlands during 2020 and 2021.</p>
Raw data for: Portland and Belite cement hydration acceleration by C-S-H seeds with variable w/c ratios
<p>Raw data for: "Portland and Belite cement hydration acceleration by C-S-H seeds with variable w/c ratios".</p> <p>Includes: Calorimetry, TA, LXRPD and MIP data.</p> <p> </p> <p>doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15103553">https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15103553</a></p>
Supplementary Data: Mapping of local lattice parameter ratios by projective Kikuchi pattern matching
<p>This is the experimental dataset which was analyzed in:</p> <p>"Mapping of local lattice parameter ratios by projective Kikuchi pattern matching"<br> Aimo Winkelmann, Gert Nolze, Grzegorz Cios, and Tomasz Tokarski<br> Phys. Rev. Materials <strong>2</strong> (2018) 123803<br> https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.2.123803</p> <p>We describe a lattice-based crystallographic approximation for the analysis of distorted crystal structures via electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in the scanning electron microscope. EBSD patterns are closely linked to local lattice parameter ratios via Kikuchi bands that indicate geometrical lattice plane projections. Based on the transformation properties of points and lines in the real projective plane, we can obtain continuous estimations of the local lattice distortion based on projectively transformed Kikuchi diffraction simulations for a reference structure. By quantitative image matching to a projective transformation model of the lattice distortion in the full solid angle of possible scattering directions, we enforce a crystallographically consistent approximation in the fitting procedure of distorted simulations to the experimentally observed diffraction patterns. As an application example, we map the locally varying tetragonality in martensite grains of steel.</p>
Rhesus macaque cone ratio heritability
<p><span>A defining feature of catarrhine primates is uniform trichromacy – the ability to distinguish red (long; L), green (medium; M), and blue (short; S) wavelengths of light. While the tuning of photoreceptors is conserved, the ratio of L:M cones in the retina is variable within and between species, with human cone ratios differing from other catarrhines. Yet, the sources and structure of variation in cone ratios are poorly understood, precluding a broader understanding of color vision variability. Here, we report a large-scale study of a pedigreed population of macaques. We collected foveal RNA and analysed opsin gene expression using cDNA. We estimated the additive genetic variance of cone ratios. The average L:M ratio and standard error was 1.03:1± 0.02. There was no age effect, and genetic contribution to variation was negligible. We found marginal sex effects with females having larger ratios than males. S cone ratios (0.143: 1± 0.002) had significant genetic variance with a heritability estimate of 43% but did not differ between sexes or age groups. Our results contextualize the derived human condition of L-cone dominance and provide new information about the heritability of cone ratios and variation in primate color vision.</span></p>
Data belonging to the article: Estimating pre-harvest density, adult sex ratio and fecundity of white-tailed deer using wildlife cameras
<p>Adult sex ratio and fecundity (juveniles per female) are key population parameters in sustainable wildlife management, but inferring these requires abundance estimates of at least three age/sex classes of the population (male and female adults and juveniles). Prior to harvest, we used an array of 36 wildlife camera traps during 2 and 3 weeks in the early autumn of 2016 and 2017 respectively. We recorded white-tailed deer adult males, adult females and fawns from the pictures. Simultaneously, we collected fecal DNA (fDNA) from 92 20mx20m plots placed in 23 clusters of four plots between the camera traps. We identified individuals from fDNA samples with microsatellite markers and estimated the total sex ratio and population density using Spatial Capture Recapture (SCR). The fDNA-SCR analysis concluded equal sex ratio in the first year and female bias in the second year, and no difference in space use between sexes (fawns and adults combined). Camera information was analyzed in a Spatial Capture (SC) framework assuming an informative prior for animals' space use, either (1) as estimated by fDNA-SCR (same for all age/sex classes), (2) as assumed from the literature (space use of adult males larger than adult females and fawns), (3) by inferring adult male space use from individually-identified males from the camera pictures. These various SC approaches produced plausible inferences on fecundity, but also inferred total density to be lower than the estimate provided by fDNA-SCR in one of the study years. SC approaches where adult male and female were allowed to differ in their space use suggested the population had a female-biased adult sex ratio. In conclusion, SC approaches allowed estimating the pre-harvest population parameters of interest and provided conservative density estimates.</p>
Text-fig. 9. The drawing shows the ratio of epigynous and hypogenous flowers in Zliv-Řídká Blana mesofossil flora. The ovary is inferior, and the flower is epigynous in 17 taxa. The ovary is superior, and the flower is hypogenous in 20 taxa. in Plant Mesofossils From The Late Cretaceous Klikov Formation, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 9. The drawing shows the ratio of epigynous and hypogenous flowers in Zliv-Řídká Blana mesofossil flora. The ovary is inferior, and the flower is epigynous in 17 taxa. The ovary is superior, and the flower is hypogenous in 20 taxa.
Text-fig. 4. a: Conglomeratic to massive sandstone facies 1, facies A are composed of Andesit (AF), Clay (CF) and Sandstone (SF) fragments lain on medium-sandstone. b: Conglomeratic to massive sandstone facies, outcropping of massive sandstone facies comprises of fine to medium grain size of grey to yellowish sandstone. c: Heterolithic sandstone-mudstone facies, intercalation of fine sand with silt and shale as type form of heterolithic sandstone mudstone as indicated by a high sand/shale ratio. d: Example outcrops of heterolithic sandstone-mudstone 2 indicated by low sand/shale ratio. e: Heterolithic fine sand and mudstone and mudstone facies, intercalation of thin sandstone and shale. f: Representative of slump deposits outcrops belong to conglomeratic to massive sandstone facies, which is indicated by the intercalation of sandstone and shale and some disturbed beds or layers as seen in slump deposits. The facies type is normally deposited within the basin floor, channel margin or as a product of the overbank deposits. In this figure the slump deposit is shown as internal bedding, some occurred on the bedding-plane. Trend slope measurement of the fold-axis revealed values N 135°E and N 108°E. in Lithofacies And Ichnofacies Of Turbidite Deposits, West Java, Indonesia
Text-fig. 4. a: Conglomeratic to massive sandstone facies 1, facies A are composed of Andesit (AF), Clay (CF) and Sandstone (SF) fragments lain on medium-sandstone. b: Conglomeratic to massive sandstone facies, outcropping of massive sandstone facies comprises of fine to medium grain size of grey to yellowish sandstone. c: Heterolithic sandstone-mudstone facies, intercalation of fine sand with silt and shale as type form of heterolithic sandstone mudstone as indicated by a high sand/shale ratio. d: Example outcrops of heterolithic sandstone-mudstone 2 indicated by low sand/shale ratio. e: Heterolithic fine sand and mudstone and mudstone facies, intercalation of thin sandstone and shale. f: Representative of slump deposits outcrops belong to conglomeratic to massive sandstone facies, which is indicated by the intercalation of sandstone and shale and some disturbed beds or layers as seen in slump deposits. The facies type is normally deposited within the basin floor, channel margin or as a product of the overbank deposits. In this figure the slump deposit is shown as internal bedding, some occurred on the bedding-plane. Trend slope measurement of the fold-axis revealed values N 135°E and N 108°E.
Figure 1 in How Spiromesifen affects some biological parameters and switching behavior of predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) when feeding on different ratios of mixed preys
Figure 1. Linear relation between initial number of Bemisia tabaci (left)/ Tetranychus urticae (right) treated with recommended concentration of Spiromesifen and number of preys eaten by predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii.
Figure 2 in How Spiromesifen affects some biological parameters and switching behavior of predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) when feeding on different ratios of mixed preys
Figure 2. Fitted regression equation between the proportion of consumed mite to total preys and preference index (β) of Amblyseius swirskii.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.