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202 results for “reproductive behavior”
Divergence in reproductive behaviors is associated with the evolutionary loss of parental care
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Data for: Effects of reproductive status on behavioral and neural responses to isolated pup stimuli in female California mice
<p>The transition to motherhood in mammals is marked by changes in females' perception of and responsiveness to sensory stimuli from infants. Our understanding of maternally induced sensory plasticity relies most heavily on studies in uniparental, promiscuous house mice and rats, which may not be representative of rodent species with different life histories. We exposed biparental, monogamous California mouse (<em>Peromyscus californicus)</em> mothers and ovariectomized virgin females to one of four acoustic and olfactory stimulus combinations (Control: clean cotton and white noise; Call: clean cotton and pup vocalizations; Odor: pup-scented cotton and white noise; Call + Odor: pup-scented cotton and pup vocalizations) and quantified females' behavior and Fos expression in select brain regions. Behavior did not differ between mothers and ovariectomized virgins. Among mothers, however, those exposed to the Control condition took the longest to sniff the odor stimulus, and mothers exposed to the Odor condition were quicker to sniff the odor ball compared to those in the Call condition. Behavior did not differ among ovariectomized virgins exposed to the different conditions. Fos expression differed across conditions only in the anterior hypothalamic nucleus (AHN), which response to aversive stimuli: among mothers, the Control condition elicited the highest AHN Fos and Call + Odor elicited the lowest. Among ovariectomized virgin females, Call elicited the lowest Fos in the AHN. Thus, reproductive status in California mice alters females' behavioral responses to stimuli from pups, especially odors, and results in the inhibition of defense circuitry in response to pup stimuli.</p>
Data for: Genetic variants underlying human bisexual behavior are reproductively advantageous
<p>Because human same-sex sexual behavior (SSB) is heritable and leads to fewer offspring, how SSB-associated alleles have persisted and whether they will remain in human populations are of interest. Using the UK Biobank, we address these questions separately for bisexual behavior (BSB) and exclusive SSB (eSSB) after confirming their genetic distinction. We discover that male BSB is genetically positively correlated with the number of offspring. This unexpected phenomenon is attributable to the horizontal pleiotropy of male risk-taking behavior-associated alleles, because male risk-taking behavior is genetically positively correlated with both BSB and the number of offspring and because genetically controlling male risk-taking behavior abolishes the genetic correlation between male BSB and the number of offspring. By contrast, eSSB is genetically negatively correlated with the number of offspring. Our results suggest that male BSB-associated alleles are likely reproductively advantageous, which may explain their past persistence and predict their future maintenance, and that eSSB-associated alleles are likely being selected against at present.</p>
Figure 2 in Monitoring the feeding and parental care behavior of a pair of free-living owls (Tyto furcata) in the nest during the reproductive period in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Figure 2. The first egg of the couple of Tyto furcata. Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ.
Fig. 1 in Reproductive behavior of the marine gastropod Charonia seguenzae (Aradas & Benoit, 1870) in captivity Abstract
Fig. 1: Engraved number (encircled area) used as identification mark on a Charonia seguenzae shell.
Fig. 4 in Reproductive behavior of the marine gastropod Charonia seguenzae (Aradas & Benoit, 1870) in captivity Abstract
Fig. 4: Annual egg capsule deposition (2007-2011) under two temperature conditions (20 and 23oC).
Data from: Flexible oviposition behavior enabled the evolution of terrestrial reproduction
<p>In vertebrates, nearly all oviparous animals are considered to have either obligate aquatic or terrestrial oviposition, with eggs that are specialized for developing in those environments. The terrestrial environment has considerably more oxygen but is dry and thus presents both opportunities and challenges for developing embryos, particularly those adapted for aquatic development. Here, we present evidence from field experiments examining egg-laying behavior, egg size and egg jelly function of 13 species of Central and South American treefrogs in the genus <em>Dendropsophus, </em>which demonstrates that flexible oviposition (individuals laying eggs both in and out of water) and eggs capable of both aquatic and terrestrial development are the likely factors which enable the transition from aquatic to terrestrial reproduction. Nearly half of the species we studied had previously undescribed degrees of flexible oviposition. Species with obligate terrestrial reproduction have larger eggs than species with aquatic reproduction, and species with flexible reproduction have eggs of intermediate sizes. Obligate terrestrial breeding frogs also have egg masses that absorb water more quickly than those with flexible oviposition. We also examined eight populations of a single species, <em>Dendropsophus ebraccatus</em>, and document substantial intraspecific variation in terrestrial oviposition; populations in rainy, stable climates lay fewer eggs in water than those in drier areas. However, no differences in egg size were found, supporting the idea that the behavioral component of oviposition evolves before other adaptations associated with obligate terrestrial reproduction. Collectively, these data demonstrate the key role that behavior can have in facilitating major evolutionary transitions.</p>
Figure 3 in Reproduction, postnatal development, and social behavior of Ellobius lutescens Thomas 1897 (Mammalia: Rodentia) in captivity
Figure 3. The newborn incisors (A) and the adult incisors (B).
Fig. 10 in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 10. Graph showing distribution of Coronella brachyura. Prepared by Dikansh S. Parmar.
Fig. 6 in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 6. Coronella brachyura preying upon gecko, coiling around it. Photo credit Dikansh S. Parmar.
Fig. 7. Captive individual did not eat frogs when offered. Photo credit Dikansh S in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 7. Captive individual did not eat frogs when offered. Photo credit Dikansh S. Parmar.
Fig. 8 in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 8. Eggs of Coronella brachyura in hypoosmotic condition. Photo credit Vedant Lala.
Fig. 1 in Reproductive behavior and sex pheromone production in Eutectona machaeralis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Fig. 1. Hourly emergence of Eutectona machaeralis adults in the laboratory during scotophase.
Fig. 7 in Social and reproductive physiology and behavior of the Neotropical cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus under laboratory conditions
Fig. 7. Semiquantitative analysis of pituitary hormone content
Fig. 5. Reproductive territorial male attacking a in Social and reproductive physiology and behavior of the Neotropical cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus under laboratory conditions
Fig. 5. Reproductive territorial male attacking a non reproductive territorial male.
Fig. 6 in Social and reproductive physiology and behavior of the Neotropical cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus under laboratory conditions
Fig. 6. Plasma cortisol levels in reproductive territorial (RT)
Fig. 3 in Social and reproductive physiology and behavior of the Neotropical cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus under laboratory conditions
Fig. 3. Image showing aggressive physical contact between two males, referred to as mouth holding.
Fig. 1 in Population structure and reproductive behavior of Sinaloa cichlid Cichlasoma beani (Jordan, 1889) in a tropical reservoir
Fig. 1. Aguamilpa Reservoir, Nayarit, Mexico. Black dots indicate landing sites and sampling areas.
Fig. 7 in Reproductive behavior, development and eye regression in the cave armored catfish, Ancistrus cryptophthalmus Reis, 1987 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), breed in laboratory
Fig. 7. Summary of the life cycle of Ancistrus cryptophthalmus from Passa Três Cave.
Prezygotic reproductive barriers in precopulatory behavior of tidepool copepod species
<p>Complexity in prezygotic mating behavior can contribute to the emergence of sexual incompatibility and reproductive isolation. In this study, we performed behavioral tests with two tidepool copepod species of the genus <em>Tigriopus</em> to explore the possibility of precopulatory behavioral isolation. We found that interspecific mating attempts failed prior to genital contact and that this failure occurred at different behavioral steps between reciprocal pairings. Our results suggest that prezygotic barriers may exist at multiple points of the behavioral process on both male and female sides, possibly due to interspecific differences in mate-recognition cues used at those "checkpoints". While many copepod species are known to show unique precopulatory mate-guarding behavior, the potential contribution of prezygotic behavioral factors to their isolation is not widely recognized. The pattern of sequential mate-guarding behaviors may have allowed diversification of precopulatory communication and contributed to the evolutionary diversity of the <em>Tigriopus</em> copepods.</p> <p>The .xlsx file registered here contains original datasets for Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7 and Table 1 in our manuscript.</p>
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