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83 results for “reproductive mode”
Lichen speciation is sparked by a substrate requirement shift and reproduction mode differentiation
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Female reproductive mode shapes allometric scaling of male traits in livebearing fishes (family Poeciliidae)
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Differences in ontogenetic and diurnal microhabitat selection by sympatric live-bearing fish species with different reproductive modes
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Sampling data, colony runfiles, VCFs, and Rscripts for: genomic determination of reproductive mode in facultatively parthenogenetic Opiliones
<p>Sexual reproduction may pose myriad short-term costs to females. Despite these costs, sexual reproduction is near ubiquitous. Facultative parthenogenesis is theorized to mitigate some of the costs of sex, as individuals can participate in occasional sex to limit costs while obtaining many benefits. However, most theoretical models assume sexual reproduction is fixed following mating, with no possibility of clutches of mixed reproductive ontogeny. Therefore, we asked: if coercive males are present at high frequency in a population of facultative parthenogens, will their clutches be solely sexually produced, or will there be evidence of sexually and asexually-produced offspring? How will their offspring production compare to conspecifics in low frequency male populations? We addressed our questions by collecting females and egg clutches of the facultatively parthenogenetic Opiliones species <i>Leiobunum manubriatum </i>and <i>L. globosum</i>. In <i>L. manubriatum</i>, females from populations with few males were not significantly more fecund than females from populations with higher male relative frequency, despite the potential release of the former from sexual conflict. We used three genotyping methods along with a custom set of DNA capture probes to reveal that offspring of <i>L. manubriatum </i>from these high male populations were primarily produced via asexual reproduction. This is surprising because sex ratios in these southern populations approach equality, increasing the probability for females to encounter mates and produce offspring sexually. We additionally found evidence for reproductive polymorphisms within populations. Rapid and accurate SNP genotyping data will continue to allow us to address broader evolutionary questions regarding the role of facultative reproductive modes in the maintenance of sex.</p>
Data from: Evolution of floral traits and impact of reproductive mode on diversification in the phlox family (Polemoniaceae)
Pollinator-mediated selection is a major driver of evolution in flowering plants, contributing to the vast diversity of floral features. Despite long-standing interest in floral variation and the evolution of pollination syndromes in Polemoniaceae, the evolution of floral traits and known pollinators has not been investigated in an explicit phylogenetic context. Here we explore macroevolutionary patterns of both pollinator specificity and three floral traits long considered important determinants of pollinator attraction across a nearly complete species-level phylogenetic tree for the family. This phylogenetic tree is the most comprehensive yet produced for Polemoniaceae. The presence of floral chlorophyll is reconstructed as the ancestral character state of the family, even though the presence of floral anthocyanins is the most prevalent floral pigment in extant taxa. Mean corolla length and width of the opening of the floral tube are correlated, and both appear to vary with pollinator type. The evolution of pollination systems appears labile, with multiple gains and losses of selfing and conflicting implications for patterns of diversification. Explicit testing of diversification models rejects the hypothesis that selfing is an evolutionary dead-end. This study begins to disentangle the individual components that comprise pollination syndromes and lays the foundation for future work on the genetic mechanisms that control each trait.
Data from: Inbreeding reveals mode of past selection on male reproductive characters in Drosophila melanogaster
Directional dominance is a prerequisite of inbreeding depression. Directionality arises when selection drives alleles that increase fitness to fixation and eliminates dominant deleterious alleles, while deleterious recessives are hidden from it and maintained at low frequencies. Traits under directional selection (i.e., fitness traits) are expected to show directional dominance and therefore an increased susceptibility to inbreeding depression. In contrast, traits under stabilizing selection or weakly linked to fitness are predicted to exhibit little-to-no inbreeding depression. Here, we quantify the extent of inbreeding depression in a range of male reproductive characters and then infer the mode of past selection on them. The use of transgenic populations of Drosophila melanogaster with red or green fluorescent-tagged sperm heads permitted in vivo discrimination of sperm from competing males and quantification of characteristics of ejaculate composition, performance, and fate. We found that male attractiveness (mating latency) and competitive fertilization success (P2) both show some inbreeding depression, suggesting they may have been under directional selection, whereas sperm length showed no inbreeding depression suggesting a history of stabilizing selection. However, despite having measured several sperm quality and quantity traits, our data did not allow us to discern the mechanism underlying the lowered competitive fertilization success of inbred (f = 0.50) males.
Figure 3 in Reproductive biology of direct developing and threatened frog Adelophryne maranguapensis (Anura, Eleutherodactylidae) reveals a cryptic reproductive mode for anurans and the first record of parental care for the genus
Figure 3. Female Adelophryne maranguapensis showing parental care activity (clutch 13, Table 1).
Figure 1 in Reproductive biology of direct developing and threatened frog Adelophryne maranguapensis (Anura, Eleutherodactylidae) reveals a cryptic reproductive mode for anurans and the first record of parental care for the genus
Figure 1. Fieldwork areas. Riacho Beija-flor (a) and Pico da Rajada (b).
Fig. 1 in Diversification rates in Tardigrada indicate a decreasing tempo of lineage splitting regardless of reproductive mode
Fig. 1 Number of species/ entities delimited by tree-based and distance-based single-locus delimitation methods used in this study for three tardigrade groups: family Echiniscidae, family Macrobiotidae, genus Milnesium
Data from: Polyandry, predation, and the evolution of frog reproductive modes
Frog reproductive modes are complex phenotypes that include egg/clutch characteristics, oviposition site, larval development, and sometimes, parental care. Two evident patterns in the evolution of these traits are the higher diversity of reproductive modes in the tropics and the apparent progression from aquatic to terrestrial reproduction, often attributed to higher fitness resulting from decreased predation on terrestrial eggs and tadpoles. Here, we propose that sexual selection—and not only natural selection due to predation—favors terrestrial breeding by reducing the loss of fitness due to polyandry. To examine this novel selective mechanism, we reconstructed the evolution of reproductive diversity in two frog families (Hylidae and Leptodactylidae) and tested for concerted evolution of egg and tadpole development sites with specific mating behaviors. We found that oviposition and tadpole development sites are evolving independently, do not show the same diversity and/or directionality in terms of terrestriality, and thus may be diversifying due to different selective mechanisms. In both families, terrestrial egg deposition is correlated with amplexus that is hidden from competing males, and in hylids, testes mass was significantly larger and more variable in males with exposed amplexus that are vulnerable to polyandry. Our results indicate that intrasexual selection has been an underappreciated mechanism promoting diversification of frog reproductive modes.
Contrasting evolutionary patterns between sexual and asexual lineages in a genomic region linked to reproductive mode variation in the pea aphid
<p>SNP dataset and outputs from BayPass, Popoolation and npstat, together with the script used to plot these data in a submited article entitled "Contrasting evolutionary patterns between sexual and asexual lineages in a genomic region linked to reproductive mode variation in the pea aphid" by M. Rimbault, F. Legeai<sup>,</sup>J. Peccoud, L. Mieuzet, E. Call, P. Nouhaud, H. Defendini, F. Mahéo, W. Marande, N. Théron, D. Tagu, G. Le Trionnaire, J.-C. Simon, J. Jaquiéry<sup>.</sup></p>
FIGURE 2 in Oviparity, viviparity or plasticity in reproductive mode of the olm Proteus anguinus: an epic misunderstanding caused by prey regurgitation?
FIGURE 2 Regurgitated salamander (Salamandra salamandra) larvae. The first image A) shows the larva (3.1 cm of total length) still alive after regurgitation with no obvious damage visible; B) shows the second larva (3.2 cm of total length), with heavier damage around the gills. A close-up of the respective damaged area of the C) neck and gills of the larva is shown.
Data from: Evolution of floral traits and impact of reproductive mode on diversification in the phlox family (Polemoniaceae)
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Assessing the importance of reproductive modes for the evaluation of altitudinal distribution patterns in tropical frogs
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Data from: Inbreeding reveals mode of past selection on male reproductive characters in Drosophila melanogaster
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Sampling data, colony runfiles, VCFs, and Rscripts for: genomic determination of reproductive mode in facultatively parthenogenetic Opiliones
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Data from: Polyandry, predation, and the evolution of frog reproductive modes
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Environment-induced same-sex mating suggests homothallism is a primary mode of sexual reproduction in the yeast Candida albicans
GEO Series GSE119165. Candida albicans. 4 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Fig. 7 in Histomorphological comparison of testes in species of box jellyfish (Cnidaria; Cubozoa): does morphology differ with mode of reproduction and fertilization?
Fig. 7 Cubozoan phylogenetic relationships according to Bentlage et al. (2010) and corresponding histology of male gonads; branches to each taxon are mapped with known characteristics of sexual reproduction and fertilization of the species described herein and in García-
Fig. 5 in Histomorphological comparison of testes in species of box jellyfish (Cnidaria; Cubozoa): does morphology differ with mode of reproduction and fertilization?
Fig. 5 Chiropsalmus quadrumanus from São Paulo State (Brazil). a Live specimen (scale bar 4 cm) (Image courtesy of Alvaro E. Migotto). b Male gonad stained with hematoxylineosin (HE) (scale bar 50 μm). c Male gonad stained with Periodic Acid-Schiff + Hematoxylin (PASH) (scale bar 20 μm). d Male gonad in cross-section stained with Gomori's trichrome + hematoxylin (TG-H) (scale bar 20 μm). g gonad, gs gastric saccules, m mesoglea, nc nucleus, p pedalia, r rhopalia, sc spermatocyte, sd spermatid, sg spermatogonia, sp sperm, t tentacle, v velarium, vl vacuole
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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