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264 results for “saddle”
Warming and snow experiment plant phenology data for Saddle snowfence, 1993 - 1996.
The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) is a consortium of research sites seeking to understand the response of tundra plant populations to changes in growing season temperatures through a simple temperature manipulation and transplant experiment. The research goal is to examine the phenologic and reproductive responses of a set of species to experimentally-induced warming at a network of sites. The ITEX design is hierarchical, with sites participating at whatever level they are able. At the minimum, participation in ITEX requires climate monitoring (using the LTER MSR standards), a temperature manipulation using one of three possible designs, and monitoring phenologic and reproductive variables for at least one designated ITEX species or two other species. The temperature manipulation is achieved through use of conical or hexagonal open-top chambers of solar fiberglass, which have been shown to increase the air temperature at the surface approximately 3 degrees C. ITEX studies at Niwot Ridge, a logical outgrowth of the long-term phenology studies there, uses a factorial design based around the long-term snowfence experiment. Twenty cones are placed behind the snowfence, distributed at 10, 25, 45, and 75 m from the fence; each cone is paired with an adjacent plot. Beginning with the 1995 season, 24 additional plots were implemented outside of the snowfence influence. Twelve cones are distributed beyond both the north and south edges of the snowfence area, at 10, 25, 45, and 75 m behind the line of the snowfence; each cone is paired with an adjacent plot. This results in the following treatments: increased winter snow, increased summer temperature, increased snow and increased temperature, and control. Key phenologic, growth, and reproductive traits are being followed on marked individuals of Acomastylis (Geum) rossii and Bistorta (Polygonum) bistortoides, and complete species composition is being monitored.
Seasonal plant phenology data for Saddle nodal plots, 1984 - 1992.
Phenological data were collected weekly for permanently tagged plants located in 14 permanent plots (refered to as the nodal plots) in the Niwot Ridge Saddle area. 12 of the plots represent the 6 plant communities or noda (two from each nodum) identified in the Saddle (May 1973). The two remaing plots were located adjacent to two temporary snowfences erected near Saddle grid stake 49. The plots were 1x10 m, and were further divided into 10, 1x1 m quadrats. Plant species studied include Acomastylis rossii, Bistorta bistortoides and Bistorta vivipara. Ten individuals of each species present in a plot were randomly selected. Plants were tagged approximately two inches behind each plant with an aluminum tag labelled with the species abbreviation and plant number. Tagged plant locations were determined using a Cartesian coordinate system with the outside corner of quadrat 1 serving as the origin. These locations are on permanent file at INSTAAR. Data collection began on 1 June, or as plots became snow free, and continued until senescence. Missing tags were replaced during the first week of data collection. Missing plants were replaced by a new plant in the immediate area and the new coordinates were recorded.
Saddle snowfence grid points, Niwot Ridge LTER, Colorado
Point coverage of Saddle snow fence point grid. 1:500 scale. The Saddle snow fence is a 60-meter long, 2.6-meter high fence erected annually in the fall for manipulating winter snowpack and snow drift along a topoedaphic gradient. The fence was first installed in fall of 1993 and is taken down every summer to avoid influencing summer ambient wind. The fence is oriented along a north-south axis, as prevailing winds on Niwot Ridge come from the west, and delineates shrub and moist meadow communities on the windward (west) side and dry meadow communities on the leeward (east) side. The snowfence grid exists within a 60m x 125m area that contains the snowfence. Of the 146 points in the snowfence grid dataset, 84 are located on the leeward (east) side of the snowfence, 56 are located on the windward (west) side of the snowfence, and 6 are control locations outside of but near the snowfence experiment area. See Fig. 4 in Walker et al. (1999) for graphical depiction of the Saddle snow fence grid, snow fence, and vegetation communities within. Snow depth is measured annually at the snow fence grid points, and the grid has been used for locating experimental plots and instrumentation (e.g. see Walker et al. 1993b, Brooks et al. 1995, Walker et al. 1999). This dataset is part of the Saddle grid geographic information system (GIS). Additional information concerning the Niwot Ridge LTER hierarchical GIS can be found in Walker et al. (1993a).
Saddle grid boundary, Niwot Ridge LTER, Colorado
Polygon boundary coverage for Saddle grid. 1:500 scale. This dataset is part of the Saddle grid geographic information system (GIS). Additional information concerning the Niwot Ridge LTER hierarchical GIS can be found in Walker et al. (1993).
Saddle grid stake points, Niwot Ridge LTER, Colorado
Point coverage with the GPS data points for each of the 88 Saddle grid points. 1:500 scale. This dataset is part of the Saddle grid geographic information system (GIS). Additional information concerning the Niwot Ridge LTER hierarchical GIS can be found in Walker et al. (1993).
Revisiting the single-saddle model of the β-relaxation of supercooled liquids
<p>This dataset is associated with "<em>Revisiting the single-saddle model of the β-relaxation of supercooled liquids</em>", by D. Coslovich and A. Ikeda. It includes data and workflow to allow for the replication of the analysis and plots of the manuscript.</p> <p>To reproduce the workflow on a minimal dataset, download and extract the package ssm.tar.gz, then execute</p> <pre><code class="language-bash">./make test</code></pre> <p>If the workflow fails because of missing dependencies, download the <a href="http://www.docker.com">docker</a> image ssm-docker.tar.gz, load the image and execute the same command within the container.</p> <p>Make sure you have at least 5 Gb of free space on your disk if you use the package, and 15 Gb if you use the docker image.</p> <p>See project.pdf below for full details about the workflow.</p> <p><strong>Changelog</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>1.0.1: logger fails quietly if bc is missing, add Dockerfile to package</li> <li>1.0.0: initial submission</li> </ul>
Figure 4 in Wafers in Saddle Bags: A Novel Dispensing System for Male Lures Used to Detect Invasive Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Figure 4. Captures of Ceratitis capitata males in Jackson traps baited with either a polymeric plug containing 2 g TML or a saddle-bag containing 6 g TML at an Oahu (A) coffee field (wild males) or (B) citrus orchard (released males). Symbols represent means + 1 SE, where n = 15 traps per treatment per weathering interval at the coffee field and n = 12 at the citrus orchard. For a given weathering interval, means marked by different letters were significantly different (P <0.05, Holm-Šídák test).
Figure 3 in Wafers in Saddle Bags: A Novel Dispensing System for Male Lures Used to Detect Invasive Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Figure 3. Captures of Bactrocera dorsalis males in Jackson traps baited with either a cotton wick containing 6 mL ME or a saddle-bag containing 6 g ME at study sites on Hawaii island or Oahu. Both fresh and aged wicks were deployed on Hawaii, but only fresh wicks were deployed on Oahu. Symbols represent means + 1 SE, where n = 15 traps per treatment per weathering interval for both study sites. For a given weathering interval, means marked by different letters were significantly different (P <0.05, Holm-Šídák test).
Figure 2 in Wafers in Saddle Bags: A Novel Dispensing System for Male Lures Used to Detect Invasive Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Figure 2. Saddle bag dispensers. Top row (l to r): ME saddle bag in hand, with DDVP saddle bag on hanger; placement of ME saddle bag over DDVP saddle bag; hanger positioned inside Jackson trap. Bottom row (l to r): TML saddle bag in hand; TML saddle bag placed on hanger; hanger positioned inside Jackson trap.
Figure 1 in Wafers in Saddle Bags: A Novel Dispensing System for Male Lures Used to Detect Invasive Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Figure 1. Standard method of baiting Jackson traps. Top row: Cotton wick containing ME in perforated basket and basket positioned inside Jackson trap. Bottom row: Polymeric plug containing TML in perforated basket and basket positioned inside Jackson trap.
Fig. 4 in A new dark-saddled species of Hypostomus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Paraguay basin
Fig. 4. Lateral view of Hypostomus latifrons, NUP 2274: a) young specimen, 42.2 mm SL; b) large specimen, 200.4 mm SL.
Fig. 3 in A new dark-saddled species of Hypostomus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Paraguay basin
Fig. 3. Hypostomus peckoltoides, paratype, ZSM 39427, 90.3 mm SL. Photographed alive by Andre Werner.
Fig. 2 in A new dark-saddled species of Hypostomus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Paraguay basin
Fig. 2. Hypostomus peckoltoides, holotype, MZUSP 105226, 110.7 mm SL, from the rio Cuiabá, upper rio Paraguai basin, Mato Grosso State, Brazil.
Pocket gopher mound litter decomposition data for Saddle and East of Tvan, 1993 - 1995.
This research was designed to examine the interaction of effects of gopher disturbance and aspect on litter decomposition on alpine tundra. Kobresia myosuroides foliage collected from Niwot Ridge was dried and placed into 10x20 cm litter bags. About 2 g of plant material were placed in the litter bags. One-hundred and sixty (160) litter bags were constructed of polyester mesh with a mesh size of 2mm^2. Forty (40) litter bags were placed inside of gopher mounds, at the interface between the mounded (gopher excavated) soil and the original soil surface (top of the O horizon), located on a slope with a southern aspect. An additional 40 litter bags were placed on the soil surface near these gopher mounds. The remaining 80 bags were similarly paired on gopher mounds and undisturbed soils on a slope with a northern aspect. All litter bags were placed in the field on 1 July 1993, and an initial harvest was done on the same date in order to assess the effect of handling and transport to the field. The second harvest was undertaken on 11 September 1993, at which time 31 bags were harvested. Retrieved litter bags were dried at 80 degrees Celsius for approximately 24 hr. The litter was removed from the litter bags and weighed. Litter weight loss was calculated to estimate decomposition rates. The remaining harvests are were in autumn 1993, spring 1994, and autumn 1994.
Litter decomposition data for Saddle, 1991 - 1992.
The extent to which foliar detritus can immobilize and mineralize nitrogen was studied by measuring litter dynamics across a snow accumulation transect in the Saddle. Litter used included Acomastylis (Geum) rossii and a grass species, Andropogon gerardii.
Soil microarthropod density data for saddle snowfence and S slope of Niwot Ridge, 1992 - 1993.
These data were used in this publication: O'Lear, H.A., and T.R. Seastedt. 1994. Landscape patterns of litter decomposition in alpine tundra. Oecologia 99: 95-101. doi: 10.1007/BF00317088 Microarthropod densities in the upper 5 cm of soil were estimated for different alpine communities on Niwot Ridge in the Front Range of Colorado. Densitites were higher than previously reported and averaged 111,200 individualsgm2. Acari dominated this group and composed 80-90% of the fauna; Collembola composed an average of 15%. Oribatid mites composed 23-58% of total densities, while Prostigmatid mites composed 32-54%. The relative abundance of the Oribatid and Prostigmatid mites varied significantly across the landscape, with Prostigmatids more abundant in the xeric sites. Composition of the detritus-based food web appear to change substantially across the snow depth gradient found in the alpine tundra. NOTE: The LTER data portal display does not display important maintenance/log information or other EML metadata features. Please be sure to view the EML file (a text file that contains XML tags) which is included in the zip archive (click on "Download zip archive") pertaining to each dataset. The EML file name will have the following format: knb-lter-nwt.[3 digit dataset number].[version number].xml. Most web browsers can parse the EML so it's easier to read.
Buried wood decomposition data for Saddle and Trough, 1992-1993.
Wood dowels of 4 different diameters were placed in soils associated with different vegetation communities on Niwot Ridge in order to estimate landscape-level wood decomposition rates across the alpine tundra. Dowels consisted of untreated Gonystylus bancanus wood. Dowels were 12 cm in length and inserted 10 cm into the ground, so that approximately 2 cm of the length remained aboveground.
N and P fertilization experiment plant species composition and diversity data for South of saddle, 1990 - 2000.
The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and nitrogen+phosphorus fertilization on alpine plant species composition and diversity in a dry and a wet meadow community were examined. A point-quadrat system was used to estimate the cover frequencies for each species in plots in the 2 communities on the south slope of Niwot Ridge. Treatments were N, P, N+P, and control. Observations were made once per year per plot over a period of several years. Diversity (Shannon-Weaver) indices were also calculated.
Warming and snow experiment plant species composition data for Saddle snowfence, 1993 - 2000.
The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) is a consortium of research sites seeking to understand the response of tundra plant populations to changes in growing season temperatures through a simple temperature manipulation and transplant experiment. The research goal is to examine the phenologic and reproductive responses of a set of species to experimentally-induced warming at a network of sites. The ITEX design is hierarchical, with sites participating at whatever level they are able. At the minimum, participation in ITEX requires climate monitoring (using the LTER MSR standards), a temperature manipulation using one of three possible designs, and monitoring phenologic and reproductive variables for at least one designated ITEX species or two other species. The temperature manipulation is achieved through use of conical or hexagonal open-top chambers of solar fiberglass, which have been shown to increase the air temperature at the surface approximately 3 degrees C. ITEX studies at Niwot Ridge, a logical outgrowth of the long-term phenology studies there, uses a factorial design based around the long-term snowfence experiment. Twenty cones are placed behind the snowfence, distributed at 10, 25, 45, and 75 m from the fence; each cone is paired with an adjacent plot. Beginning with the 1995 season, 24 additional plots were implemented outside of the snowfence influence. Twelve cones are distributed beyond both the north and south edges of the snowfence area, at 10, 25, 45, and 75 m behind the line of the snowfence; each cone is paired with an adjacent plot. This results in the following treatments: increased winter snow, increased summer temperature, increased snow and increased temperature, and control. Key phenologic, growth, and reproductive traits are being followed on marked individuals of Acomastylis (Geum) rossii and Bistorta (Polygonum) bistortoides, and complete species composition is being monitored. The point-quadrat technique used was identical to that d
Snowmelt lysimeter chemistry data from Soddie, Subnivean, Saddle and TB site, 1993 - 2013.
Snowmelt lysimeters were located at the soddie and subnivean sites on Niwot Ridge from 1993 to 2013, with the larger array located at the soddie site. The soddie lysimeter array is a collection of 105 snowmelt lysimeters that collect discharge measurements at the base of the snowpack. Each lysimeter is a polyethylene pan with 22 cm high vertical walls and 47 cm by 39.5 cm in horizontal extent resulting in a footprint area of ~1,850 cm2. The height of the lysimeter walls prevent both the loss of water out of the lysimeters and the influx of water from saturated zones along the snow-soil interface [Kattelmann, 2000]. Many lysimeters were functional at the soddie site during spring snowmelt (April through July) for water years 1993 through 2013. The 1998 water year had only 36 lysimeters installed. From 1999 through 2001, the array was organized as a two meter grid nested within a four meter grid. In the 2002 water year, 15 of lysimeters on the perimeter were relocated to increase the density of the inner grid. Lysimeters were moved from locations of low snow accumulation on the eastern edge and a region that collects debris during melt on the western edge. By 2010 the number of snowmelt lysimeters at the soddie was reduced to 6. Meltwater collected by the lysimeters flowed to an underground laboratory through flexible PVC piping into Rainwise Rainew Tipping Bucket Rain Gauges. 250ml sample bottles were placed above the tipping buckets at some locations to collect snowmelt from the lysimeters for chemical analysis. Samples were collected once to twice daily depending on snowmelt rates. Upon sample collection some of the snowmelt sample collected in the 250ml bottle was poured off into a 30ml glass bottle for oxygen isotope analysis. Snowmelt samples were collected and analyzed for cations and anions at the Mountain Research Station's Kiowa Laboratory previously, and INSTAAR's Arikaree lab currently.
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