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opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Climate and rapid local adaptation as drivers of germination and seed bank dynamics of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) in North America

Local differences in climate conditions may facilitate rapid evolutionary changes in introduced plants to optimize timing of germination or ability to survive in seed banks, which may constitute beneficial demographic adaptations during range expansions. Understanding differences in germination requirements and emergence patterns across a species' range is critical for demographic modelling and potential invasive species control efforts. We assessed germination responses of Alliaria petiolata using seeds collected from 10 populations spanning much of the North American distribution of the species. We compared germination responses under different stratification regimes in a growth chamber over 2·5 years, and evaluated seedling emergence in a common garden in Ithaca, New York over 13 years. We further evaluated how climate overlap between Ithaca and original collection sites influenced emergence patterns. In the laboratory, germination of all populations was similar and highest at 4 °C stratification. Seeds exposed to sub-zero temperatures delayed germination and population responses were variable. In the common garden, seedlings from most populations emerged over 13 years, and emergence patterns were strongly influenced by population. Annual emergence was positively correlated with spring temperature and inversely correlated with number of spring days with minimum temperature below freezing. Climate overlap between the common garden and original collection location enhanced germination, but common garden climate conditions over the course of the 13-year experiment and population identity had greater explanatory power. Synthesis. Laboratory germination tests did not reflect seedling emergence under field conditions. After 150 years of residence time in North America, Alliaria petiolata populations have developed striking differences in their responses to local climates and stratification requirements suggesting that a complex interplay of pre-adaptation, rapid evolutionary changes, and phenotypic plasticity result in locally adapted populations.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Resident species with larger size metrics do not recruit more offspring from the seed bank in old-field meadow vegetation

1. According to the traditional 'Size Advantage' (SA) hypothesis, plant species with larger body size are expected to be more successful when competition is intense, i.e. within severely crowded vegetation. Recent studies in old-field habitats, however, have shown that those species with greater numerical abundance as resident plants generally have a relatively small minimum reproductive threshold size (MIN), not a relatively large maximum potential body size (MAX). 2. In this study, we test for a size advantage in terms of species abundance representation in the soil seed bank, and we extend the SA hypothesis to include two additional size metrics: leaf size and seed size. Specifically, we ask, for resident species within a crowded old-field meadow: is larger seed size, leaf size, and/or body size associated with greater reproductive / recruitment success (i.e. number of germinable seeds within — and establishing plants emerging from — the soil seed bank)? We collected soil cores for a greenhouse experiment to record relative species abundances of germinable seeds in the seed bank, and we used a field experiment to record local abundances of species emerging from the resident seed bank within denuded plant neighbourhoods over three subsequent field seasons. 3. We found no general support for the SA hypothesis involving any of the size metrics, and none of the latter was a strong predictor of the number of germinable seeds emerging from soil cores in the greenhouse experiment. However, for species establishing in the field experiment from the seed bank over the three-year survey period, more abundant species in years 2 and 3 tended to be those with smaller MIN, and thus smaller MAX. In addition, within more crowded neighbourhoods, representation of reproductive plants was generally greater for species with relatively small MIN (and hence small MAX). 4. Synthesis. Our results extend support for the 'Reproductive Economy Advantage' hypothesis in old field habitats, to include not just established, largely undisturbed vegetation, but also very early stages of recruitment from seed within locally crowded plant neighbourhoods. Specifically, more successful species here are not those with relatively large potential body size (MAX); they are species capable of producing at least some offspring despite severe body size suppression, because they have a relatively small MIN.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Seed rain and soil seed banks in Chinese fir plantations and an adjacent natural forest

<p>The natural regeneration of native broadleaved species underneath forest monoculture plantations is important to recover ecosystem functions and to mitigate adverse environmental effects. To understand how seed rain and soil seed banks facilitate natural regeneration, we surveyed their density and composition in a monoculture Chinese fir plantation, a mixed Chinese fir–broadleaf plantation, and an adjacent natural broadleaved forest for two years in southern China. Twenty-eight species (16 families) were in seed rain, and 45 species (27 families) were in soil seed banks. Seed rain density did not differ significantly across stands; however, the number of taxa in seed rain was highest in the mixed plantation and lowest in the natural forest. Seed bank density was significantly higher in the mixed plantation than in the other stands. The Sørensen similarity indices of species composition between seed sources and aboveground vegetation were relatively low (<0.50). In addition, the seeds of native tree species common to the seed banks of the three forests indicated the adjacent natural forest was a seed source for the natural regeneration of native species in forest plantations. To augment regeneration and accelerate the rate of conversion, we recommend direct seeding or planting of desired species.</p>

Supplementary material 4 from: Skálová H, Moravcová L, Čuda J, Pyšek P (2019) Seed-bank dynamics of native and invasive Impatiens species during a five-year field experiment under various environmental conditions. NeoBiota 50: 75-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.50.34827

: Data type: statistical data

Supplementary material 1 from: Skálová H, Moravcová L, Čuda J, Pyšek P (2019) Seed-bank dynamics of native and invasive Impatiens species during a five-year field experiment under various environmental conditions. NeoBiota 50: 75-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.50.34827

: Data type: multimedia

Supplementary material 3 from: Skálová H, Moravcová L, Čuda J, Pyšek P (2019) Seed-bank dynamics of native and invasive Impatiens species during a five-year field experiment under various environmental conditions. NeoBiota 50: 75-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.50.34827

: Data type: multimedia

Supplementary material 2 from: Skálová H, Moravcová L, Čuda J, Pyšek P (2019) Seed-bank dynamics of native and invasive Impatiens species during a five-year field experiment under various environmental conditions. NeoBiota 50: 75-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.50.34827

: Data type: statistical data

Supplementary material 2 from: Cohen O, Gamliel A, Katan J, Shubert I, Guy A, Weber G, Riov J (2019) Soil solarization based on natural soil moisture: a practical approach for reducing the seed bank of invasive plants in wetlands. NeoBiota 51: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.51.36838

: Data type: measurement

Supplementary material 1 from: Cohen O, Gamliel A, Katan J, Shubert I, Guy A, Weber G, Riov J (2019) Soil solarization based on natural soil moisture: a practical approach for reducing the seed bank of invasive plants in wetlands. NeoBiota 51: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.51.36838

: Data type: measurement

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Fig. 1 in Soil seed bank pattern of Adesmia tristis Vogel from Campos de Cima da Serra ecosystem in southern Brazil

Fig. 1. Negative linear regression relating the germination of non-scarified Adesmia tristis seeds after eight months with addition of limestone to five different types of soils to corrected to pH = 6.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2014View details →

Figure 2 from: Alonso P, Iriondo J (2014) URJC GB dataset: Community-based seed bank of Mediterranean high-mountain and semi-arid plant species at Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Spain). PhytoKeys 35: 57-72. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.35.6746

Figure 2 - Distribution map of the two species of URJC GB dataset endemic to Spain: a Helianthemum marifolium ssp. conquense b Lupinus mariae-josephae (Source: http://www.anthos.es).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2014View details →

Figure 3 from: Alonso P, Iriondo J (2014) URJC GB dataset: Community-based seed bank of Mediterranean high-mountain and semi-arid plant species at Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Spain). PhytoKeys 35: 57-72. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.35.6746

Figure 3 - Basic elements of the project design. 1 Seed collection in the target plant communities 2 Gathering of passport data on the geographical, physical and biotic features of the locality of seed collection 3 Seed processing to prepare seed accessions 4 Initial germination experiments to obtain seed germinability 5 Seed storage in cold-dry conditions 6 Use in research experiments.