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FIGURE 4A, B in Alien seed beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) in Europe
FIGURE 4A, B. Categorical diversity distribution of seed beetle species alien to Europe in continental European countries and their islands, East Mediterranean Asian countries and Caucasian countries, according to their biogeographic origin: A = Number of species of alien bruchids of nearctic origin, B = neotropical origin, C = palaearctic origin, D = afrotropical origin and E = oriental origin.
FIGURE 3C, D in Alien seed beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) in Europe
FIGURE 3C, D. Categorical diversity distribution of seed beetle species alien to Europe in continental European countries and their islands, East Mediterranean Asian countries and Caucasian countries, according to their status: A = Total number of species of alien bruchids, B = Number of established species of alien bruchids, C = Number of non-established species of alien bruchids and D = Number of occasional species of alien bruchids.
FIGURE 2 in Alien seed beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) in Europe
FIGURE 2. Comparative percentages of alien species of Bruchinae in Europe according to main biogeographic region of origin versus status.
FIGURE 3A, B in Alien seed beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) in Europe
FIGURE 3A, B. Categorical diversity distribution of seed beetle species alien to Europe in continental European countries and their islands, East Mediterranean Asian countries and Caucasian countries, according to their status: A = Total number of species of alien bruchids, B = Number of established species of alien bruchids, C = Number of non-established species of alien bruchids and D = Number of occasional species of alien bruchids.
FIGURE 1 in Alien seed beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) in Europe
FIGURE 1. Comparative numbers of alien species of Bruchinae in Europe according to main biogeographic region of origin versus status.
Species TX OK Distribution Map FH Hosts Pseudothysanoes lecontei Blackman 1*? SENA 48 ph Quercus Pseudothysanoes phoradendri Blackman 1 SENA 49 ph Phoradendron Pseudothysanoes sedulus Blackman 1 SWNA 49 ph Quercus Pseudothysanoes turnbowi Wood 1 MEX+NT 50 ph Ulmus Thysanoes berchemiae Blackman 1 SENA 50 xy polyphagous Thysanoes fimbricornis LeConte 1 SE+MEX 51 xy polyphagous Thysanoes lobdelli Blackman 1 SENA 53 xy polyphagous Thysanoes pallens Wood 1 SE+MEX 53 xy polyphagous Thysanoes texanus Blackman 1 MEX+NT 54 xy polyphagous Thysanoes xylographus Wood 1* SWNA 54 xy Quercus Ipina Ips avulsus (Eichhoff) 1 1 SENA 55 ph Pinus Ips calligraphus (Germar) 1 1 SE+SW 56 ph Pinus Ips hoppingi Lanier 1 SWNA 55 ph Pinus Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) 1 1 SENA 57 ph Pinus Ips cribricollis (Eichhoff) 1 SWNA 57 ph Pinus Orthotomicus caelatus (Eichhoff) 1 SENA 58 ph Pinus Dryocoetina Coccotrypes dactyliperda (F.) 1 EX 59 sp Palm seeds Coccotrypes distinctus (Motschulsky) 1 EX 59 sp Palm seeds Dendrocranulus cucurbitae (LeConte) 1 SWNA 60 my Cucurbitaceae Dendrocranulus knausi (Hopkins) 1 1 SWNA 60 my Cucurbitaceae Dryocoetes granicollis (LeConte) 1* 1* SENA 61 ph See text Lymantor decipiens (LeConte) 1 1* SENA 60 xy Crypturgina Crypturgus alutaceus Schwarz 1 1* SENA 62 ph Pinus in Atlas and checklist of the bark and ambrosia beetles of Texas and Oklahoma (Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae)
Species TX OK Distribution Map FH Hosts Pseudothysanoes lecontei Blackman 1*? SENA 48 ph Quercus Pseudothysanoes phoradendri Blackman 1 SENA 49 ph Phoradendron Pseudothysanoes sedulus Blackman 1 SWNA 49 ph Quercus Pseudothysanoes turnbowi Wood 1 MEX+NT 50 ph Ulmus Thysanoes berchemiae Blackman 1 SENA 50 xy polyphagous Thysanoes fimbricornis LeConte 1 SE+MEX 51 xy polyphagous Thysanoes lobdelli Blackman 1 SENA 53 xy polyphagous Thysanoes pallens Wood 1 SE+MEX 53 xy polyphagous Thysanoes texanus Blackman 1 MEX+NT 54 xy polyphagous Thysanoes xylographus Wood 1* SWNA 54 xy Quercus Ipina Ips avulsus (Eichhoff) 1 1 SENA 55 ph Pinus Ips calligraphus (Germar) 1 1 SE+SW 56 ph Pinus Ips hoppingi Lanier 1 SWNA 55 ph Pinus Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) 1 1 SENA 57 ph Pinus Ips cribricollis (Eichhoff) 1 SWNA 57 ph Pinus Orthotomicus caelatus (Eichhoff) 1 SENA 58 ph Pinus Dryocoetina Coccotrypes dactyliperda (F.) 1 EX 59 sp Palm seeds Coccotrypes distinctus (Motschulsky) 1 EX 59 sp Palm seeds Dendrocranulus cucurbitae (LeConte) 1 SWNA 60 my Cucurbitaceae Dendrocranulus knausi (Hopkins) 1 1 SWNA 60 my Cucurbitaceae Dryocoetes granicollis (LeConte) 1* 1* SENA 61 ph See text Lymantor decipiens (LeConte) 1 1* SENA 60 xy Crypturgina Crypturgus alutaceus Schwarz 1 1* SENA 62 ph Pinus
Fig. 2 in Seed Beetles (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Associated with Seeds ofPavoniaCav. (Malvaceae), with Description of a New Species and Notes on Three Others
Fig. 2. Female habitus of Acanthoscelides bellamyi, female, habitus. a) Dorsal view, b) Lateral view.
Fig. 4 in Seed Beetles (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Associated with Seeds ofPavoniaCav. (Malvaceae), with Description of a New Species and Notes on Three Others
Fig. 4. Acanthoscelides elevatus. Male, habitus: a) Dorsal view, b) Lateral view. Female, habitus: c) Dorsal view,
Fig. 3 in The Extent of Seed Predation by Bruchine Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) in a Heterogeneous Landscape in Southeastern Brazil
Fig. 3. Cumulative percentage of germinated seeds (means ± SE) over an 11-day period for attacked and unattacked Leucaena leucocephala seeds. Germination was not recorded on days 2 and 5.
Fig. 1 in The Extent of Seed Predation by Bruchine Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) in a Heterogeneous Landscape in Southeastern Brazil
Fig. 1. Monthly emergence of all bruchine species throughout the year of the study. Gibbobruchus spp., Acanthoscelides sp., Ctenocolum podagricus, and Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus emerged from seeds of Bauhinia forficata, Senna hirsuta, Lonchocarpus muehlbergianus, and Leucaena leucocephala, respectively. "Left" and "Right" in brackets mean that the emergence of each bruchine is recorded on the left or on the right y-axis.
Top-down cascading effects of seed-feeding beetles and their parasitoids on plants and leaf herbivores
<p><span>When feeding on a plant, herbivorous insects alter the quality of the plant as a food source. This affects other organisms interacting with the same plant. These so-called 'plant-mediated interactions' can be altered by parasitoids that attack the herbivores. So far, this research area has mainly focused on interactions at the leaf level, and very little is known about plant-mediated interactions via seeds. </span><span>It is still poorly understood if seeds that survive insect damage have fewer resources to allocate to plant growth and defence against leaf herbivores, and whether parasitoids that kill seed-feeding insects mitigate such negative effects.</span></p> <p><span>Using seeds of wild lima bean plants (<em>Phaseolus lunatus</em>) we studied the effect of the intensity of infestation by seed beetles (<em>Zabrotes subfasciatus</em>) and their parasitoids (<em>Stenocorse bruchivora</em>) on the following parameters under lab conditions: seed mass and germination, plant growth and defensive compounds (cyanogenic glycosides and flavonoids) and performance of a leaf herbivore species (<em>Spodoptera latifascia</em>). In addition, we performed a field experiment using seeds with or without insect damage to investigate the consequences on plant performance and fitness in the wild.</span></p> <p><span>Seed beetle infestation had an overall negative impact on seed germination. Lab experiments revealed that damaged seeds produced plants with slower growth and reduced concentration of defensive compounds, which increased the performance of the leaf herbivores. Effects of seed-feeding on seed germination and plant growth were attenuated by parasitism, resulting in a net increase of the number of viable offspring. In the field, we observed that seed damage impaired germination, delayed flowering time and increased leaf herbivory.</span></p> <p><span>Our results show that plant-mediated interactions between insect herbivores are not limited to leaf herbivores but extend to seed herbivores. In our study system, parasitoids had no apparent effect on these interactions, despite their strong beneficial effects on germination and plant performance. These findings confirm the long-lasting consequences of indirect plant-mediated interactions in a community-wide ecological context. Furthermore, they contribute to a better understanding of the important but understudied effects of parasitoids on plant fitness.</span></p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Cardarelli E, Musacchio A, Montagnani C, Bogliani G, Citterio S, Gentili R (2018) Ambrosia artemisiifolia control in agricultural areas: effect of grassland seeding and herbivory by the exotic leaf beetle Ophraella communa. NeoBiota 38: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.38.23562
Tables S1–S2, Figures S1–S2 : Explanation note: Table S1. Soil characteristics in the three investigated sites; Table S2. O. communa density on non-target species throughout summer 2015; Figure S1. A. artemisiifolia soil seed bank in the three sites; Figure S2. A. artemisiifolia traits in experimental plots.
Fig. 5 in Comparative Analysis of the Ecological Functions of Dung Removal and Seed Dispersal among Two Telecoprid and Two Paracoprid Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Fig. 5. Box plots of the median, first, and third quartile, and lower and upper limits of dung removal by standardized 1-g biomass of Canthon rutilans cyanescens, Deltochilum multicolor, Dichotomius sericeus, and Phanaeus splendidulus exposed to dog feces for two and seven days. Plots with the same letter are not significantly different (Tukey test, P> 0.05).
Fig. 4 in Comparative Analysis of the Ecological Functions of Dung Removal and Seed Dispersal among Two Telecoprid and Two Paracoprid Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Fig. 4. Comparative analysis of dung removal and secondary dispersal of small and large seeds by single male/ female pair of Canthon rutilans cyanescens (Cr), Deltochilum multicolor (Dm), Dichotomius sericeus (Ds), and Phanaeus splendidulus (Ps) exposed to dog feces for two and seven days. Squares with the same letter and color are not significantly different (Tukey test, P> 0.05).
Fig. 3 in Comparative Analysis of the Ecological Functions of Dung Removal and Seed Dispersal among Two Telecoprid and Two Paracoprid Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Fig. 3. Box plots of the median, first, and third quartile, and lower and upper limits of dung removal and secondary seed dispersal by two paracoprid dung beetles as single male/female pair and three male/female pairs exposed to dog feces for two, seven, and 21 days. A) Dung removal capacity, B) Small seed dispersal, and C) Large seed dispersal by Dichotomius sericeus. D) Dung removal capacity, E) Small seed dispersal, and F) Large seed dispersal by Phanaeus splendidulus. Plots with the same letter are not significantly different (Tukey test, P> 0.05).
Fig. 1 in Comparative Analysis of the Ecological Functions of Dung Removal and Seed Dispersal among Two Telecoprid and Two Paracoprid Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Fig. 1. Arenas for the study of dung removal and secondary seed dispersal by dung beetles. A) Arena for telecoprids with 30 g of dyed feces divided into three portions of 10 g each with a variable number of artificial seeds, B) Closed arena covered with veil-type fabric, C) Arena protected from rain. D, E, and F show the same sequence for the arenas for paracoprids.
Fig. 2 in Comparative Analysis of the Ecological Functions of Dung Removal and Seed Dispersal among Two Telecoprid and Two Paracoprid Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Fig. 2. Box plots of the median, first, and third quartile, and lower and upper limits of dung removal and secondary seed dispersal by two telecoprid dung beetles as single male/female pair and three male/female pairs exposed to dog feces for two, seven, and 21 days. A) Dung removal capacity, B) Small seed dispersal, and C) Large seed dispersal by Canthon rutilans cyanescens. D) Dung removal capacity, E) Small seed dispersal, and F) Large seed dispersal by Deltochilum multicolor. Plots with the same letter are not significantly different (Tukey test, P> 0.05).
Accelerated genome shuffling associated with rapid evolution of sexual conflicts in seed beetles
<p><strong><span>Accelerated genome shuffling associated with rapid evolution of sexual conflicts in seed beetles</span></strong></p>
Inbreeding reduces fitness of seed beetles under thermal stress
<p>Human-induced environmental change can influence populations both at the global level through climatic warming and at the local level through habitat fragmentation. As populations become more isolated, they can suffer from high levels of inbreeding which contributes to a reduction in fitness, termed inbreeding depression. However, it is still unclear if this increase in homozygosity also results in a corresponding increase in sensitivity to stressful conditions, which could intensify the already detrimental effects of environmental warming. Here, in a fully factorial design, we assessed the life-long impact of increased inbreeding load and elevated temperature on key life history traits in the seed beetle, <i>Callosobruchus maculatus</i>. We found that beetles raised at higher temperatures had far reduced fitness and survival than beetles from control temperatures. Importantly, these negative effects were exacerbated in inbred beetles as a result of increased inbreeding load, with further detrimental effects manifesting on individual eclosion probability and lifetime reproductive success. These results reveal the harmful impact that increasing temperature and likelihood of habitat fragmentation due to anthropogenetic changes in environmental conditions could have on populations of organisms worldwide.</p>
FIGS 301 in Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae
FIGS 301±305. A. humeralis female terminalia: (301) tergite 7, dorsal; (302) tergite 8, dorsal; (302) spiculum ventrale, dorsal; (304) genitalia, lateral; (305) hemisternites of ovipositor, dorsal. Scale bars 5 0.5 mm; (301± 304) to same scale; (305) larger scale.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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