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78 results for “soil nematodes”
Data from: Nematode community responses to range-expanding and native plant communities in original and new range soils
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Data from: High-throughput amplicon sequencing of rRNA genes requires a copy number correction to accurately reflect the effects of management practices on soil nematode community structure
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The functional role and diversity of soil nematodes are stronger at high elevation in the lesser Himalayan mountain ranges
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Data from: Grazing and resource availability control soil nematode body size and abundance-mass relationship in semi-arid grassland
1. Body size is a central functional trait in ecological communities. Despite recognition of the importance of above-belowground interactions, effects of aboveground herbivores on size and abundance-size relationships in soil fauna are almost uncharted. Depending on climate and soil properties, herbivores may increase basal resources of soil food webs, or reduce pore space, mechanisms expected to have contrasting effects on soil animal body size. 2. We investigated how body size and shape of soil nematodes responded to mammalian grazers in three semi-arid grassland sites, along a gradient of soil texture and organic matter (OM) in a long-term herbivore removal study. We analysed nematode mass, length, diameter, body size distribution, and biomass distribution. We formulated two mechanistic hypotheses to assess whether resource availability or pore space was the dominant abiotic control and modulated the effects of grazing. 3. In ungrazed soils, average and maximum nematode size, as well as abundance and biomass of large nematodes, were greater in the high-OM than in the low-OM soil, and intermediate in the medium-OM soil. Grazing promoted larger sizes in the low-OM soil, where it had been shown to increase organic matter and microbial biomass, and led to more homogeneous average size and body size distribution across sites. The results support the hypothesis that nematode size was controlled by basal resource availability rather than by pore space. However, body shape might have been constrained by small pores in the fine-texture, high-OM soil, where nematodes were more elongated. 4. Grazing may facilitate larger sizes in soil nematode communities by boosting basal resources where these are limiting, with important implications for estimations of nematode biomass and contribution to carbon and nutrient cycling. These findings contribute to the insofar-limited mechanistic understanding of how herbivores can shape functional traits of soil fauna, and demonstrate that animals at one trophic level may control patterns in body size and abundance-size relationships in other trophic levels without a direct predator-prey or competitive linkage between them.
Data from: Integrating quantitative morphological and qualitative molecular methods to analyze soil nematode community responses to plant range expansion
1. Belowground nematodes are important for soil functioning, as they are ubiquitous and operate at various trophic levels in the soil food web. However, morphological nematode community analysis is time consuming and requires ample training. qPCR-based nematode identification techniques are well available, but high throughput sequencing (HTS) might be more suitable for non-targeted nematode community analysis. 2. We compared effectiveness of qPCR and HTS-based approaches with morphological nematode identification while examining how climate warming-induced plant range expansion may influence belowground nematode assemblages. We extracted nematodes from soil of Centaurea stoebe and C. jacea populations in Slovenia, where both plant species are native, and Germany, where C. stoebe is range expander and C. jacea is native. Half of each nematode sample was identified morphologically and the other half was analysed using targeted qPCR and a novel HTS approach. 3. HTS produced the highest taxonomic resolution of the nematode community. Nematode taxa abundances correlated between the methods. Therefore, especially relative HTS and relative morphological data revealed nearly identical ecological patterns. All methods showed lower numbers of plant feeding nematodes in rhizosphere soils of C. stoebe compared to C. jacea. However, a profound difference was observed between absolute and relative abundance data; both sampling origin and plant species affected relative abundances of bacterivorous nematodes, whereas there was no effect on absolute abundances. 4. Taken together, as HTS correlates with relative analyses of soil nematode communities, while providing highest taxonomic resolution and sample throughput, we propose a combination of HTS with microscopic counting to supplement important quantitative data on soil nematode communities. This provides the most cost-effective, in-depths methodology to study soil nematode community responses to changes in the environment. This methodology will also be applicable to nematode analyses in aquatic systems.
Supplementary material 2 from: Ahmed M, Back MA, Prior T, Karssen G, Lawson R, Adams I, Sapp M (2019) Metabarcoding of soil nematodes: the importance of taxonomic coverage and availability of reference sequences in choosing suitable marker(s). Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 3: e36408. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.3.36408
: Data type: source code
Supplementary material 1 from: Ahmed M, Back MA, Prior T, Karssen G, Lawson R, Adams I, Sapp M (2019) Metabarcoding of soil nematodes: the importance of taxonomic coverage and availability of reference sequences in choosing suitable marker(s). Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 3: e36408. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.3.36408
: Data type: species data
Fig. 3 in Review paper Interactions between Bacteria, Protozoa and Nematodes in Soil
Fig. 3. Effect of soil texture on protozoa and nematodes. The graph shows the abundance of amoebae (a), flagellates (b), and nematodes (c) in soils with varying clay content. The soils were amended with glucose and incubated for two weeks before enumeration of organisms. Data from Rønn et al. (1995).
Fig. 1 in Review paper Interactions between Bacteria, Protozoa and Nematodes in Soil
Fig. 1. Diagram of a simplified soil food web showing important trophic links. The diagram is combined and modified from several sources (see e.g. Holtkamp 2008, Hunt et al. 1987).
Fig. 2. A in Review paper Interactions between Bacteria, Protozoa and Nematodes in Soil
Fig. 2. A diagram illustrating the interactions between bacteria, protozoa and nematodes, which are treated in this paper. Numbers in circles refer to the section of the paper in which the particular interaction is discussed.
Figure 4 in Positioning entomopathogenic nematodes for the future viticulture: exploring their use against biotic threats and as bioindicators of soil health
Figure 4. Evaluation of the impact of cover crops (CC) in the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) soil food web in a Spanish vineyard. A. Impact in the presence and activity of native EPNs. B. Presence of natural enemies (nematophagous fungi and ectoparasitic bacteria) and competitors for the resource (Free-living nematodes) (Data from Blanco-Pérez et al., 2020, modified for this figure).
Figure 3. Preventive inhibition growth effect against Botrytis cinerea over grapevine leaves three days after the infection. A in Positioning entomopathogenic nematodes for the future viticulture: exploring their use against biotic threats and as bioindicators of soil health
Figure 3. Preventive inhibition growth effect against Botrytis cinerea over grapevine leaves three days after the infection. A. Destilled water (control treatment). B. Xenorhabdus nematophilus natural products treatment.
Data from: Integrating quantitative morphological and qualitative molecular methods to analyze soil nematode community responses to plant range expansion
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Grazing and resource availability control soil nematode body size and abundance-mass relationship in semi-arid grassland
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Toxicogenomic effects of nano- and bulk TiO2 particles in the soil nematode Carnorhabditis elegans using juglone as a positive control for oxidative stress
GEO Series GSE59519. Caenorhabditis elegans. 62 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Toxicogenomic effects of nano- and bulk TiO2 particles in the soil nematode Carnorhabditis elegans
GEO Series GSE59470. Caenorhabditis elegans. 38 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Ecotoxicity of silver nanoparticles on the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans using functional ecotoxicogenomics
GEO Series GSE14932. Caenorhabditis elegans. 2 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Ecotoxicogenomic analysis on the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to BPA, DEHP and NP
GEO Series GSE15016. Caenorhabditis elegans. 4 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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