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89 results for “species removal”
FIGURE 1. Monanthotaxis paniculata. A. Flowering branch. B. Flower bud. C. Flower bud with 3 petals removed. D. Petal from outside. E. Petal from inside. F. Stamen from inside. G. Stamen lateral view. H. Stamen from outside. I. Stamen from top. J. Staminode. K. Ovary. L. Leaf uppserside. A–K from McPherson 16123 in A new species of Monanthotaxis from Gabon with a unique inflorescence type for Annonaceae
FIGURE 1. Monanthotaxis paniculata. A. Flowering branch. B. Flower bud. C. Flower bud with 3 petals removed. D. Petal from outside. E. Petal from inside. F. Stamen from inside. G. Stamen lateral view. H. Stamen from outside. I. Stamen from top. J. Staminode. K. Ovary. L. Leaf uppserside. A–K from McPherson 16123; L from Reitsma 2870. Illustrator: Esmée Winkel.
FIGURE 1. Himalaiella lushaiensis. A. habit. B. pappus. C. floret, with the pappus removed. D. floret. E. abaxial leaf surface. F. adaxial leaf surface. G in Himalaiella lushaiensis (Asteraceae), a new species from India
FIGURE 1. Himalaiella lushaiensis. A. habit. B. pappus. C. floret, with the pappus removed. D. floret. E. abaxial leaf surface. F. adaxial leaf surface. G. upper part of style with style branches. H. phyllaries (from left to right: inner to outer). I. achene. J. anther. Drawn from the holotype.
FIGURE 1. Garcinia sibeswarii. A. Branch with fruit. B. Blaze showing exudates. C. Male flower. D. Female flower. E. Fruit. F. Fruit rind cut showing fibrous aril. G. Fruit cross section. H. Seed testa removed showing noduled surface. I in Garcinia sibeswarii (Clusiaceae), a new species from Assam, India
FIGURE 1. Garcinia sibeswarii. A. Branch with fruit. B. Blaze showing exudates. C. Male flower. D. Female flower. E. Fruit. F. Fruit rind cut showing fibrous aril. G. Fruit cross section. H. Seed testa removed showing noduled surface. I. Mature seed.
FIGURE 1. Pogostemon monticola T.C.Hsu, S.W.Chung, S.H.Liu & W.J.Huang. A–B. Habit. C. Stem. D–E. Leaf. F. Spike. G. Bracts and bracteoles. H. Flowers. I. Dissected calyx. J. Flowers with calyx removed. K. Corola and stamens. L in Pogostemon monticola (Lamiaceae; Lamioideae), a new species from Taiwan
FIGURE 1. Pogostemon monticola T.C.Hsu, S.W.Chung, S.H.Liu & W.J.Huang. A–B. Habit. C. Stem. D–E. Leaf. F. Spike. G. Bracts and bracteoles. H. Flowers. I. Dissected calyx. J. Flowers with calyx removed. K. Corola and stamens. L. Pistils and ovaries. Photographed by Wie-Jie Huang (A) and Tian-Chuan Hsu (B–L) based on Chung 14416.
FIGURES 1‒3. Thalleulia bisexta. 1. Adult male paratype. 2. Male genitalia, USNM slide 124,124, phallus removed. 3. Female genitalia, USNM slide 68,857 in A new species of Thalleulia Razowski, 2004 from Costa Rica with the first reported female of the genus (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Euliina)
FIGURES 1‒3. Thalleulia bisexta. 1. Adult male paratype. 2. Male genitalia, USNM slide 124,124, phallus removed. 3. Female genitalia, USNM slide 68,857, spermatophore in situ.
FIGURE 1. Aspidistra nikitensis. A. Flower, front view. B. Flower with partly removed perigone, side view. C, D in Aspidistra nikitensis (Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae), a new species from Vietnam
FIGURE 1. Aspidistra nikitensis. A. Flower, front view. B. Flower with partly removed perigone, side view. C, D. Longitudinal sections of flower. E. Plant with flowers. F, G. Habit.
Biofloc removal by the oyster Crassostrea gasar as a candidate species to an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) system with the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
<p>Currently, <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/aquaculture">aquaculture</a> seeks to implement production models that keep up with the global demands for sustainability and reduced environmental impacts. One of the options adopted is integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), which cultivates species of different <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/trophic-level">trophic levels</a>, improving the use of nutrients and increasing the economic profitability of the system. On the other hand, the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/biofloc-technology">Biofloc Technology</a> system (BFT) has also been highlighted as an important eco-friendly activity. In an attempt to reduce total suspended solids (TSS) and in accordance with the IMTA principles, the present work evaluated the action of the oyster <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/veterinary-science-and-veterinary-medicine/crassostrea"><em>Crassostrea</em></a><em> gasar</em> on the reduction of TSS and its influence on the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/microbial-communities">microbial community</a> present on the bioflocs. An experiment with two treatments (With and Without Oyster) was carried out in waters from an ongoing marine shrimp crop. The experiment lasted for 5 days, when water samples and oyster stomach content were collected for analysis of microorganisms. The water quality parameters did not show significant differences. The TSS and aggregates number also showed no differences between treatments, indicating that the presence of oysters did not influence the amount of total suspended solids. However, the predominance of flagellates in the stomach contents of the bivalves indicates a prey selectivity by <em>C. gasar</em> by this microorganism. Thus, it is likely that <em>C. gasar</em> is not an effective tool to reduce suspended solids in IMTA, but this organism can highly benefited from <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/protozoa">protozoan</a> present in BFT system.</p>
FIG. 5 in Invasive Species as Sentinels: Measuring Health Outcomes in Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) during Removal
FIG. 5. Variation in lymphocytes (A) and large leukocytes (B) across months in Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, collected from the La Grange and Starved Rock reaches of the Illinois River, Illinois, USA, from April–October 2018. Asterisks indicate statistical significance, as lymphocytes were lower in May relative to September (P, 0.05) and large leukocytes were higher in May relative to September (P, 0.05).
FIG. 3 in Invasive Species as Sentinels: Measuring Health Outcomes in Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) during Removal
FIG. 3. Leukocyte types observed in Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Lithium-heparinized blood was collected from Silver Carp in the La Grange and Starved Rock reaches of the Illinois River, Illinois, USA, between April–October 2018. Peripheral blood smears were stained with Diff-Quick and are shown at 100X oil objective on a brightfield microscope. Large arrows (A and B): large leukocyte. Small arrows (B and C): small granulocyte. Black arrowhead (C): lymphocyte. Clear arrowhead (C): thrombocyte.
FIG. 2 in Invasive Species as Sentinels: Measuring Health Outcomes in Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) during Removal
FIG. 2. Cranial kidney melanomacrophage centers (MMC) in Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Cranial kidney tissues were sampled from Silver Carp in the La Grange and Starved Rock reaches of the Illinois River, Illinois, USA, between June–October 2018, and stained with hematoxylin þ eosin for software-assisted calculation of total area of MMCs on individual sections. (A) 2.5X Nanozoomer; (B) 40X Nanozoomer; (C) 100X oil objective, brightfield microscope.
FIG. 1 in Invasive Species as Sentinels: Measuring Health Outcomes in Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) during Removal
FIG. 1. Map of the Illinois River, Illinois, USA. The two reaches sampled in this study were the La Grange reach and the Starved Rock reach between April–October 2018.
FIG. 4 in Invasive Species as Sentinels: Measuring Health Outcomes in Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) during Removal
FIG. 4. Length–weight regression and residuals of Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, caught from the La Grange and Starved Rock reaches of the Illinois River, Illinois, USA, between April–October 2018. (A) Relationship between total length (mm) and mass (kg) in Silver Carp, determined by linear regression. White squares: La Grange Silver Carp. Black circles: Starved Rock Silver Carp. (B) Length–weight residuals were compared between Silver Carp from the La Grange Reach (white box) and the Starved Rock Reach (black box). Asterisks indicate statistical significance, as Silver Carp from the Starved Rock Reach had higher residuals than Silver Carp from La Grange (P, 0.001).
Timing of invasive species removal influences nonnative biotic resistance and trajectories of community reassembly
<p><span>As biological invasions increasingly threaten biodiversity, the removal of invasive nonnative species emerges as a possibility to recover the structure and function of native communities. Yet, we have limited knowledge of how communities assemble after nonnative removals. Since most ecosystems are invaded by multiple nonnative species, the impact of their removal likely depends on the interactions among nonnative species which, in turn, are contingent on the environmental context in which they occur. </span></p> <p><span>We evaluated the community assembly after the targeted removal of two highly invasive shrubs, Sweetbriar rose (<em>Rosa</em> <em>rubiginosa</em>) and Scotch broom (<em>Cytisus</em> <em>scoparius</em>). The removal was performed at two different times in the growing season (early or late removal) in field and mesocosm communities. In search of general patterns across species, we modeled species responses as a function of their origin (i.e., native / nonnative) and functional traits. </span></p> <p><span>We found evidence for negative and asymmetric interactions between dominant invasive species that translated into changes in the abundances of the rest of the species in the community. Depending on the identity of the removed species, the removal of invasive species affected community assembly by promoting other nonnative species or hindering the performance of native species. These effects were modulated by the timing of removal and did not depend on leaf or seed traits.</span></p> <p><span><em>Synthesis</em>: Accounting for nonnative interactions and their temporal dependency should </span><span>improve our inferences about assembly processes and the effectiveness of nonnative </span><span>removal </span><span>aimed at reduci</span><span>ng the accumulation of nonnatives.</span><span> <br></span></p>
Inverse priority effects: The order and timing of removal of invasive species influence community reassembly
<p>1. An ongoing restoration challenge is to recover native communities after the removal of invasive species. Because priority effects (i.e., the order and timing of species arrival) can strongly determine the trajectory of community assembly, their intentional manipulation is gaining attention to manage invasive plants and achieve restoration goals. Yet, ecologists and conservationists rarely consider how the order and timing of species removal inverse priority effect may impact future plant communities. 2. Here, we evaluated the dependence of community reassembly on inverse priority effects by experimentally removing the target invasives Sweetbriar rose (<em>Rosa rubiginosa</em>) and Scotch broom (<em>Cytisus scoparius</em>) in field and mesocosm communities. We manipulated removal order (rose-before-broom vs. broom-before-rose) and timing (simultaneously early vs. simultaneously late in the season). We performed a Hierarchical Modeling of Species Community to assess differences in community structure in response to order and timing of removal, and to evaluate whether species origin and leaf and seed traits were associated with species responses. 3. We found that the order of removal was as important as timing driving community reassembly. Simultaneous removal favoured nonnatives, more so when performed early. Sequential removals led to contrasting communities. Rose-before-broom removal also favoured nonnative grasses at expense of native species, whereas the inverse order produced small changes in communities. In general, species with high specific leaf area were boosted, regardless of their seed size. 4. Synthesis and applications. Inverse priority effects are neglected mechanisms that can drive variability in the reassembly of plant communities and can potentially upgrade invasive species management. These historical contingencies suggest the existence of an optimal order of removal that facilitates the recovery of the native community. We found that simultaneous removal promoted secondary invasions to a greater extent than sequential removals. Furthermore, removal order affected post-removal community structure. In our system, we suggest removing the rose before the broom to hinder nonnatives and pave the way for restoration of native communities. Our results show that manipulation of the order and timing of removal can help to achieve restoration goals.</p>
Data from: Invasive species removal increases species and phylogenetic diversity of wetland plant communities
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Data from: Inferring invasive species abundance using removal data from management actions
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Data from: Removing interactions, rather than species, casts doubt on the high robustness of pollination networks
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Inverse priority effects: The order and timing of removal of invasive species influence community reassembly
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Data from: Experimental removals reveal dietary niche partitioning facilitates coexistence between native and introduced species
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Data from: Forest amount, not structure, influences fruit removal of two pioneer species in Atlantic forest remnants
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OpenNeuro
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