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319 results for “spider mite”
FIGURE 6 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria
FIGURE 6: Percentage of Phyto traps attached to citrus twigs occupied by different number of phytoseiid individuals from November 2013 to May 2014.
FIGURE 3 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria
FIGURE 3: Relative abundance of phytoseiid mite species on citrus leaves in the orchard studied in Latakia province, Syria, from mid- August 2013 to the beginning of June 2014.
FIGURE 1 in Resistance Mechanisms To Abamectin In Iranian Populations Of The Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus Urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
FIGURE 1: GST banding pattern in the susceptible GUS2 and resistant ISR populations of T. urticae. St: GUS2 mites treated with 1 ppm abamectin solution (using leaf dip method); Sc: GUS2 mites, control; Rt: ISR mites treated with 3000 ppm abamectin solution (using leaf dip method); Rc: ISR mites, control.
FIGURE 5 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria
FIGURE 5: Mean densities of phytoseiid dominant species per citrus leaf (± SE) in the orchard studied in Latakia province, Syria, from mid-August 2013 to the beginning of June 2014.
FIGURE 1 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria
FIGURE 1: A Phyto trap attached to a twig of citrus tree in the orchard studied in Latakia province, Syria, on October 2013.
FIGURE 4 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria
FIGURE 4: Relationships between mean densities of Phytoseiidae (all species), E. stipulatus and A. andersoni and mean photophase (a, b, d, respectively); mean densities of A. andersoni and temperature (c).
FIGURE 2 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria
FIGURE 2: Mean densities of Phytoseiidae and P. citri per citrus leaf (± SE) in the orchard studied in Latakia province, Syria, from
FIGURE 2 in Resistance Mechanisms To Abamectin In Iranian Populations Of The Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus Urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
FIGURE 2: Mean ± SE of heme content in the resistant ISR and susceptible GUS2 T. urticae populations.
FIGURE 4 in The Missing Stase In Spider Mites (Acari: Tetranychidae): When The Adult Is Not The Imago
FIGURE 4: Ontogenetic trajectory of Tetranychus and Tuckerella compared to that of Terpnacarus bouvieri (Endeostigmata) and some tydeoid genera. The length of the last segment, i.e. the distance between the imago and the tritonymph, is indicated for each taxon (The length is not necessarily well appreciated on the drawing due to the perspective and use of PCA). In the case of Pronematus, both points representing the imago and tritonymph coincide (dotted circle). Insert B illustrates the contribution (in %) of each stase to the trajectories; the imago contribution is given at the right; that of the tritonymph, within the corresponding block. Taxa are identified by the first three letters. Insert C schematizes the progenesis in spider mites, with neoteny (steps 1 to 4) resulting from the shortening of the imago contribution and progenesis (step 4 to 5) when reproduction is taken over by the tritonymph. t: ontogenetic time; T: phylogenetic time, *: adulthood (reproduction). Other abbreviations as in Fig. 1.
FIGURE 3 in The Missing Stase In Spider Mites (Acari: Tetranychidae): When The Adult Is Not The Imago
FIGURE 3: Tetranychus urticae, TEM of a pharate S1 transforming into a S2. Abbreviations: Cl: S1 cuticle; Cn: S2 cuticle; en: endocuticle; epi: epicuticle; ex: exocuticle; GI: droplet of a not saturated lipid; Lys: lysosome; Mes: mesenchyme; Np: pycnotic nucleus of a lysed cell; Mit: mitochondria; N: nucleus; Re: endoplasmic reticulum; sp: intercell space (from Van Impe, 1985).
FIGURE 2 in The Missing Stase In Spider Mites (Acari: Tetranychidae): When The Adult Is Not The Imago
FIGURE 2: Ontogenetic trajectories of Tetranychidae and Tuckerellidae. Trajectories were plotted in a 27-dimensional space corresponding to chaetotaxy of leg segments, epimeral and genital chaetotaxy and, subsequently, projected into a 3-dimensional space through PCA. The insert describes the way distances are measured between homologous stases depending on the hypothesis chosen (Hm vs Hp).
FIGURE 1 in The Missing Stase In Spider Mites (Acari: Tetranychidae): When The Adult Is Not The Imago
FIGURE 1: Ontogeny in Tetranychoidea (A – H) and other mites (I – J). A – Plesiomorphic ontogeny observed in Tuckerellidae; B – Tetranychidae (traditional interpretation – hypothesis Ho); C – multiple protelattosis in Tetranychidae (hypothesis Hm); D-E-F – metelattosis in Tetranychidae (intervening calyptostasis, hypothesis Hi); G – Tuckerellidae with a paedomorphic tritonymph; H – progenesis in Tetranychidae (hypothesis Hp); I – three calyptostasic nymphs in Ereynetidae (Speleognathinae); J – only four active stases in Astigmata (Psoroptidae). Im: imago; TN: tritonymph; DN: deutonymph; PN: protonymph; Lv: larva; PL: prelarva. Close square: active homostase; Open circle: calyptostase; P: paedomorphic tritonymph; *: reproductive system.
Spider mite resistant maize lines, B75 and B96, maintain resistance under water-stress
<p>Climate variability has major implications for agriculture due to the increase in the frequency and intensity of simultaneous abiotic, namely water-stress, and biotic stresses to crops. Plant water-stress alone harms crops but also can attract outbreaks of herbivores with varied host specialization, and plants succumb to further yield losses dealing with multiple stressors. Host-plant resistance provides a route to lessen yield losses from herbivory; however, our knowledge of the interactions between water-stress and pest resistance is limited, especially for mite herbivores of maize including the generalist two-spotted spider mite (<em>Tetranychus</em> <em>urticae</em>, TSM) and the specialist Banks grass mite (<em>Oligonychus</em> <em>pratensis</em>, BGM). We conducted parallel greenhouse and field experiments whereby a susceptible line (B73) and two TSM-resistant lines (B75 and B96) were subjected to either optimal irrigation or water-stress [50–60% and 5–10% volumetric water content (VWC), and 25–32% and 10–15% VWC, in the greenhouse and field, respectively]. As expected, we found that under optimal irrigation TSM and BGM populations increased readily on B73, while B75 and B96 were largely resistant to the TSM but not BGM. While plant water-stress increased the susceptibility of B73 to both mite species, water-stress did not disrupt initial resistance levels of B75 and B96 maize for either mite species. Elevated protease activity was found in B75 and B96 and may contribute to maize resistance. Our findings that B75 and B96 are highly resistant to the TSM, and maintain resistance to both mite species with water-stress, highlights the importance of including the nuances of multiple stressors within the framework of host-plant resistance.</p>
Data for: Intraspecific variation for host immune activation by the spider mite Tetranychus evansi
<p>Many parasites can interfere with their host's defences to maximize their fitness. Here, we investigated if there is heritable variation in the spider mite <em>Tetranychus</em> <em>evansi</em> for traits associated with how they interact with their host plant. We also determined if this variation correlates with mite fecundity. <em>Tetranychus</em> <em>evansi</em> can interfere with jasmonate (JA) defences which are the main determinant of anti-herbivore immunity in plants. We investigated (i) variation in fecundity in the presence and absence of JA defences, making use of a wild-type tomato cultivar and a JA-deficient mutant (<em>defenseless</em>-<em>1</em>), and (ii) variation in the induction of JA defences, in four <em>T. evansi</em> field populations and 59 inbred lines created from an outbred population originating from controlled crosses of the four field populations. We observed a strong positive genetic correlation between fecundity in the presence (on wild-type) and the absence of JA defences (on <em>defenseless</em>-<em>1</em>). However, fecundity did not correlate with the magnitude of induced JA defences in wild-type plants. Our results suggest that the performance of the specialist <em>T. evansi</em> is not related to their ability to manipulate plant defences, either because all lines can adequately reduce levels of defences, or because they are resistant to them.</p>
The effects of water-stress, temperature, and plant traits on the outbreak potential of a specialist and generalist spider mite species (Acari: Tetranychidae)
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Data from: The adaptive function of waste management in a social spider mite
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Short-term responses of spider mites inform mechanisms of maize resistance to a generalist herbivore
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Data for: Intraspecific variation for host immune activation by the spider mite Tetranychus evansi
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Spider mite resistant maize lines, B75 and B96, maintain resistance under water-stress
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Data from: Tetranychus evansi spider mite populations suppress tomato defences to varying degrees
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