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534 results for “stable isotopes”
Blue Mussel Stable Isotope Analysis on Islands of the Virginia Coast
Blue Mussel Stable Isotope Analysis on Islands of the Virginia Coast As climate change causes ocean temperatures to rise, some intertidal organisms, like blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), are retreating northward. Species that consume blue mussels, like the federally-threatened red knot (Calidris canutus rufa), may be negatively affected by this range contraction. We investigated the variation in blue mussel abundance from 2010 - 2018 on Virginia's barrier islands, where migrating red knots eat recently settled blue mussels, and compared the oxygen isotopic composition of blue mussel shell calcite (delta^18Oc; n = 74) to delta^18Oc, which is calculated to be in equilibrium with regional ocean water, to predict their origins. During peak red knot migration (May 14 - 27), between 34 - 538 blue mussels were available/core sample, with blue mussel abundance decreasing over time. Stable isotope analyses indicated that shell umbo delta^18Oc (mean = -0.23o/oo, SE = 0.12) was more ^18O enriched than shell edge delta^18Oc (mean = -0.53 o/oo, SE = 0.10). Blue mussel umbo delta^18Oc was not different than the range of delta^18Oc calculated in equilibrium with regional ocean water off the Virginia and Delaware coasts. Umbo delta^18Oc was more ^18O enriched than the expected estuarine signature at the Delaware Bay's mouth, precluding an estuarine origin, and more ^16O enriched than the expected delta^18Oc off New Hampshire's coast, likely precluding an origin that far north. We concluded that Virginia's juvenile blue mussels likely originated in the regional ocean between the Delaware Bay and Virginia. Continued increases in regional sea surface temperature may further affect the availability of blue mussels to foraging red knots in Virginia.
Major and trace bulk sample and micro-XRF geochemistry, carbon and oxygen stable isotope compositions of magmatic and sedimentary rocks from Hovedøya Island, Oslo fjord, Norway.
<p>This data set reports on the methodologies and results of geochemical analysis carried out on samples of magmatic rock, calcite and sedimentary rocks of Hovedoya Island, Oslo fjord, Norway, in the framework of the publication by Poppe et al. (2020; <em>Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems</em>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008685">https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008685</a>). The major and trace element bulk sample geochemical analysis was carried at the Laboratoire G-Time, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (V. Debaille), the micro-XRF mapping and line scanning, was carried out at the laboratory of the Analytical and Environmental Geo-Chemistry (AMGC) group at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels (N.J. de Winter, S. Poppe) and the stable isotope composition analysis was carried out as well at the AMGC laboratory (S. Poppe, S. Goderis), supervised by P. Claeys and M. Kervyn, in collaboration with P. Boulvias. Data sheets are provided in .csv or .xlsx format and compressed folders containing .TIF images of µXRF elemental maps are attached. This data set also contains the complete data sets obtained for the construction of calibration curves for µXRF line scan analysis of rock samples of magmatic composition at the AMGC laboratory at VUB.</p>
Water stable isotope data for the Kafué River (Zambia), 2012-2013.
<p>This dataset contains oxygen stable isotope data on surface water samples collected on the Kafué River (Zambia) between February 2012 and November 2013These data were collected within the framework of ERC-StG AFRIVAL: African river basins: catchment-scale carbon fluxes and transformations (2009-2014)</p> <p>Ancillary data and site information can be found in : Teodoru CR, Nyoni FC, Borges AV, Darchambeau F, Nyambe I, & Bouillon S (2015) Dynamics of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) along the Zambezi River and major tributaries, and their importance in the riverine carbon budget. Biogeosciences 12: 2431-2453 https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/12/2431/2015/</p>
Exploring variability in the diet of depredating sperm whales in the Gulf of Alaska through stable isotope analysis
Sperm whales interact with commercially important groundfish fisheries offshore in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). This study aims to use stable isotope analysis to better understand the trophic variability of sperm whales and their potential prey, and to use dietary mixing models to estimate the importance of prey species to sperm whale diets. We analyzed tissue samples from sperm whales and seven potential prey (five groundfish and two squid species). Samples were analyzed for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios, and diet composition was estimated using Bayesian isotopic mixing models. Mixing model results suggest that an isotopically combined sablefish/dogfish group, skates, and rockfish make up the largest proportion of sperm whale diets (35%, 28% and 12%) in the GOA. The top prey items of whales that interact more frequently with fishing vessels consisted of skates (49%) and the sablefish/dogfish group (24%). This is the first known study to provide an isotopic baseline of adult male sperm whales and these adult groundfish and offshore squid species, and to assign contributions of prey to whale diets in the GOA. This study provides information to commercial fishermen and fisheries managers to better understand trophic connections of important commercial species.
Vertical profiles of stable water isotopes and thermodynamic properties from research flights during the L-WAIVE field campaign in June 2019
<p>This datasets contains the measurements of stable water isotopes conducted during the Lacustrine-Water vApor Isotope inVentory Experiment (L-WAIVE) field campaign taking place in June 2019 in the Annecy valley in the French Alps (Chazette et al. 2021). The measurements were conducted using a Picarro laser spectrometer L2130-i that was installed on an ultralight aircraft. The Picarro measurements of atmospheric humidity are merged measurements of thermodynamic properties by a fast-response temperature and humidity probe (iMet XQ-2; see also Chazette et al. 2021) interpolated on 10s temporal resolution.</p> <p>The data is provided on a one file per flight. All variables are described in README.</p> <p>This dataset has been used in Thurnherr et al. (submitted) for a comparison study of stable water isotopes measurements from various platforms and COSMOiso model simulations.</p>
Stable isotope analysis reveals shifts in diet of a breeding montane bird
<p><span>Insectivorous breeding birds require access to high quality prey to produce a successful nest. A lack of suitable prey (e.g., low nutritional quality or low invertebrate availability) that fulfill energetic demands can negatively affect nestling growth and survival. In high elevation ecosystems (>900 m), cooler and wetter climates can have negative influences on invertebrate availability which in turn can affect bird diets. Yet we lack studies of how diet composition changes over elevation gradients. Here, we assessed the diet of Swainson's Thrush (<em>Catharus ustulaus</em>) within the White Mountains, New Hampshire using stable isotope analysis and DNA metabarcoding. We found that the proportion of detritivore arthropods in thrush diets increased with elevation, while the proportion of predatory arthropods and overall niche-width declined. Further, we show that high-elevation thrushes had diets that were different in composition, but similar in diversity to thrushes at low-elevation sites. Lepidoptera, araneae, and coleoptera were important diet items across all elevations, but increases in woodlice and ghost spiders contributed to familial-level differences in diet composition at high-elevation sites. This research suggests montane breeding birds may be consuming low quality prey (i.e., millipedes) at high elevation sites, due to either availability or preference. With considerations due to climate change, environmental contamination, and residual impacts on the diet and nutrient availability for breeding montane birds, understanding diet composition changes along environmental gradients can provide information on nutrient availability for species that breed in harsh climatic conditions. Future work on invertebrate availability and nutritional composition, daily energy expenditure, and dietary niche would help contribute to important context to conserving montane birds within these sensitive, high elevation systems. </span></p>
Figure 5 in Variations in trophic niches of generalist predators with plant community composition as indicated by stable isotopes and fatty acids
Figure 5. Principal components analysis of the relative abundance (mol %, logit- transformed) of individual NLFAs of Trochosa ruricola using body size (small, large), flooding index (FI), plant species richness (SR), plant functional group richness (FG), presence of grasses (Gr), legumes (Leg), small herbs (SH) and tall herbs (TH) as supplementary variables.
Figure 4 in Variations in trophic niches of generalist predators with plant community composition as indicated by stable isotopes and fatty acids
Figure 4. Variations in δ15N signatures of Trochosa ruricola as affected by flooding index (P = 0.04, R2 = 0.12) and body size (small, large; P <0.01).
Figure 1 in Variations in trophic niches of generalist predators with plant community composition as indicated by stable isotopes and fatty acids
Figure 1. Variations in δ15N and δ13C signatures of Harpalus rufipes (black) and Trochosa ruricola (pink) across the study site of the Jena Experiment.
Figure 3 in Variations in trophic niches of generalist predators with plant community composition as indicated by stable isotopes and fatty acids
Figure 3. Principal components analysis of the relative abundance (mol %, logit-transformed) of individual NLFAs of Harpalus rufipes using flooding index (FI), plant species richness (SR), plant functional group richness (FG), presence of grasses (Gr), legumes (Leg), small herbs (SH) and tall herbs (TH) as supplementary variables.
Figure 6 in Variations in trophic niches of generalist predators with plant community composition as indicated by stable isotopes and fatty acids
Figure 6. Principal components analysis of the relative abundance (mol%, logit- transformed) of individual PLFAs of soil microorganisms using flooding index (FI), plant species richness (SR), plant functional group richness (FG), presence of grasses (Gr), legumes (Leg), small herbs (SH) and tall herbs (TH) as supplementary variables.
Figure 2 in Variations in trophic niches of generalist predators with plant community composition as indicated by stable isotopes and fatty acids
Figure 2. Variations in δ15N signatures of Harpalus rufipes (P <0.01, R2 = 0.11) as affected by plant species richness (log-transformed).
Red-footed and masked boobies stable isotope data
<p>Animals that co-occur in a region (sympatry) may share the same environment (syntopy), and niche differentiation is expected among closely related species competing for resources. The masked booby (<em>Sula dactylatra</em>) and smaller congeneric red-footed booby (<em>Sula sula</em>) share breeding grounds. In addition to the inter-specific size difference, females of both species are also larger than the respective males (reversed sexual size dimorphism). Although both boobies consume similar prey, sometimes in mixed-species flocks, each species and sex may specialize in terms of their diet or foraging habitats. We examined inter- and intra-specific differences in isotopic values (δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N) in these pelagically feeding booby species during the incubation period at Clarion Island, Mexico, to quantify the degrees of inter- and intra-specific niche partitioning throughout the annual cycle. During incubation, both species preyed mainly on flyingfish and squid, but masked boobies had heavier food loads than red-footed boobies. There was no overlap in isotopic niches between masked and red-footed boobies during breeding (determined from whole blood), but there was a slight overlap during the non-breeding period (determined from body feathers). Female masked boobies had a higher trophic position than conspecific males during breeding; however, no such pattern was detected in red-footed boobies. These results provide evidence of inter- and intra-specific niche partitioning in these tropical seabird species, particularly during the breeding period and in the more dimorphic species. Our results suggest that these closely related species use different strategies to cope with the same tropical marine environment.</p>
A 1505-year sunshine duration reconstruction derived from stable carbon and oxygen isotopes
<p>Related to publication: <a title="Persistent link using digital object identifier" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172042" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172042</a></p> <p>Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Rolf T.W. Siegwolf, Mikhail S. Zharkov, Matthias Saurer,<br>Dual carbon and oxygen isotopes in Siberian tree rings as indicator of millennia sunshine duration changes,<br>Science of The Total Environment,<br>2024,<br>172042,<br>ISSN 0048-9697,<br>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172042.<br>(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969724021855)<br>Abstract: The current lack of information on past summer sunshine duration variability from annually resolved palaeoclimatological archives is hindering progress in the understanding and modelling of the earth climate system. We show that a combination of tree-ring carbon and oxygen isotopes from Siberia provides robust information on summer sunshine duration, which we use for an annual 1505-year reconstruction of July sunshine duration variability (1,5K-SIB-JSDR). We found that the Medieval maximum is 56 % higher than the average over 1505 years. Rapid and drastic decreases in sunshine duration up to 60 % correspond to major stratospheric volcanic eruptions. Grand Solar Minima and total sunspot numbers are also well preserved in the 1,5K-SIB-JSDR. Coherency with a global air temperature composite and spring Arctic Oscillation indicate that a large-scale climate signal is retained in our sunshine reconstruction.</p> <p>Keywords: Stable isotopes; Sunshine duration; Reconstruction; Volcanic eruptions; Sunspot numbers; Atmospheric circulation patterns; Permafrost; Siberia</p>
Stable Isotopes of Water from the Glacier de Martinets, 14-September-2021
<p>Thirty samples from the Martinets Glacier in Vaud, Switzerland collected on single day in September 2021. Data set includes ice, water flowing on glacier, and old snow. All ice was sampled at a maximum of 10 cm under the surface. Some duplicate samples are included. Dataset includes deuterium, O-17 and O-18. All analyses were completed with a Picarro CRDS at the Geography Institute of the University of Bern. Metadata includes latitude, longitude, elevation, date, time, and notes. </p>
Stable Isotope Mixing Models Demonstrate the Role of an Invasive Plant in Wetland Songbirds Food Webs
<p>We used analysis of natural abundance stable isotopes of <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N in song sparrow blood, invertebrate food sources, <em>L. latifolium </em>seeds,<em> </em>and other marsh<em> </em>plant seeds to inform Bayesian, concentration-dependent mixing models that predicted average song sparrow diets. Data presented are the csv files and R markdown code for the isotope analysis.</p>
Middle Miocene climate and stable oxygen isotopes in Europe
<p>v1. Three ECHAM5-wiso model experiments for European region. For the first experiment (Europe_PI.nc), boundary conditions are set as pre-industrial and are identical to those in Botsyun et al., 2020. We also conducted two experiments with Middle Miocene boundary conditions reflecting two <em>p</em>CO<sub>2 </sub>settings (278 ppm and 450 ppm; Europe_Mio_278.nc and Europe_Mio_450.nc experiments) within current estimates of the Middle Miocene <em>p</em>CO<sub>2.</sub></p> <p>v2. Global ECHAM5-wiso model experiments. geosp_simulations.nc contains surface geopotential for PI and Miocene experiments with modified Alpine topography and paleogeography.<br> </p> <p> </p>
Stable Water Isotopes and Nutrients in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary and adjacent East China Sea shelf in Winter
<p>The dataset presented here includes the temperature, salinity, stable water isotopes, and nutrients of seawater from the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent East China Sea shelf in March 2013. </p>
Diet composition based on stable isotopic analysis of fecal samples revealed the preference of Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor) for natural wetlands and fishponds
<p><span>Background:</span><span> Black-faced spoonbill (BFS) is a global endangered species, distributed only in the coastal zones of East Asia. Xinghua Bay is one of the main wintering sites and migration stopovers of BFS in mainland China. However, </span><span>with the </span><span>reduction and degradation of natural wetlands, it is uncertain whether the constructed wetland can provide habitat for the endangered BFS. Research on diet of BFS will help to understand their preference between natural and artificial wetlands, and also provide reference for their conservation and habitat restoration. </span></p> <p><span>Results:</span><span> In the early winter, the proportion of Palaemonidae in BFS's food was as high as 74.4%, while that of other food was only 3.0% to 6.0%. In the late winter, the food contribution of BFS was as follow: Portunidae </span><span>39.3% </span><span>> Palaemonidae </span><span>26.1% </span><span>> Cyprinidae </span><span>8.8% </span><span>></span> <span>Mugilidae </span><span>8.5% </span><span>> Gobiidae </span><span>7.3% </span><span>></span> <span>Crucian </span><span>5.1% </span><span>> Whiteshrimp </span><span>4.8%</span><span>. The proportion of Portunidae exceeded that of Palaemonidae, and together with Palaemonidae, it has become the main food of BFS in late winter. </span></p> <p><span>Conclusion: </span><span>The diet composition of BFS between the early and late winter was significantly different, which may be due to seasonal changes in food resources. Natural wetlands are the main feeding grounds of BFS, but artificial wetlands also provide them with supplementary feeding grounds and resting places. Aquaculture ponds play an important ecological function in maintaining the overwintering population of BFS in Xinghua Bay.</span></p>
Can diet composition estimates using stable isotope analysis of feathers predict growth and condition in nestling mountain bluebirds (Sialia currucoides)
<p>Insectivorous birds breeding in seasonal environments provision their dependent young during periods when prey diversity and abundance vary. Consequently, the composition and nutritional value of diets parents feed to their offspring may differ within and among broods, potentially affecting the condition of nestlings. In a population of mountain bluebirds (<i>Sialia currucoides</i>), we used two methods to estimate diet composition for individual nestlings: direct observation of provisioning using video recordings at 5 and 9 days post-hatch, and stable isotopes of the δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N in nestling feathers and prey followed by analysis with mixing models. We determined the macronutrient content (% fat and lean mass) and estimated the metabolized energy from each type of prey. We evaluated whether different methods of estimating diet composition would produce similar results, and if the types of prey nestlings ate at one or both ages affected their morphology, growth rates, or blood ketone concentration. We found that bluebirds fed their young 5 main types of prey: beetles, cicadas, grasshoppers, insect larvae, and spiders. Both observational and mixing model estimates of diet composition indicated that larvae are traded-off with grasshoppers, and that fewer larvae are provided to nestlings as the season progresses. In evaluating how diet influences individual growth and condition, estimates from direct observations had greater explanatory power than those from mixing models, indicating that diets rich in the most energy-dense prey (greatest fat content; cicadas and larvae) were associated with larger size and higher body condition, and faster rate of mass gain and growth of tarsus. Lower value prey had more limited, specific effects on nestlings, but may still be important dietary components. While isotopic methods produced estimates of diet composition that were generally informative, when applied to explain the growth and condition of nestlings they proved less useful. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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