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Text-fig. 29. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of cf. Endressistemon sp. 1 (a, b), cf. Endressistemon sp. 2 (c, d) and cf. Endressistemon sp. 3 (e–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Two adhering stamens, each with a long, pointed extension of the connective; b) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen in situ in stamen from stamen pair in (a); c) Fragment of stamen with prominent apical extension of the connective; d) Reticulate, apparently monocolpate, pollen in situ in stamen fragment in (c); e) Stamen with basifixed anther, perhaps sessile, and with prominent, wing-like apical extensions of the connective; note the dehisced thecae with the anther wall curved back; f, g) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen in situ in stamen in (e). Specimens, Catefica 49-S107780 (a, b), Catefica 49-S107784 (c, d), Catefica 49-S107781 (e–g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, c, e), 6 Μm (b, d, f, g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 29. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of cf. Endressistemon sp. 1 (a, b), cf. Endressistemon sp. 2 (c, d) and cf. Endressistemon sp. 3 (e–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Two adhering stamens, each with a long, pointed extension of the connective; b) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen in situ in stamen from stamen pair in (a); c) Fragment of stamen with prominent apical extension of the connective; d) Reticulate, apparently monocolpate, pollen in situ in stamen fragment in (c); e) Stamen with basifixed anther, perhaps sessile, and with prominent, wing-like apical extensions of the connective; note the dehisced thecae with the anther wall curved back; f, g) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen in situ in stamen in (e). Specimens, Catefica 49-S107780 (a, b), Catefica 49-S107784 (c, d), Catefica 49-S107781 (e–g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, c, e), 6 Μm (b, d, f, g).
Text-fig. 28. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Endressistemon cateficensis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminal structure with two lateral stamens and one median structure seen in ventral and dorsal view (orientation unknown) showing that each stamen has a prominent apical extension and two pairs of pollen sacs separated by a narrow connective; both stamens are borne on a common base together with the median structure and their anthers are sessile on the common stalk; note the apical projection of the median structure (asterisk) between the two stamens and the ribs over probable vascular bundles that extend from the common base into the apical projections of both stamens and the median structure (arrows); c) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections and median axis-like structure between the two stamens (arrow); d) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections borne on a common base; e) Staminal structure in (a) and (b), from the same orientation as (b), showing the ribs over probable vascular bundles (yellow) that extend into the apical projections; f) Detail of staminal structure in (a) and (b) showing the fused or strongly adhering apical projections of the two lateral stamens and the median structure (asterisk); g) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen grains from the pollen sacs of stamen in (d). Specimens, Catefica 49-S107778 (holotype, a, b, e, f), Catefica 49-S107769 (c), Catefica 49-S107751 (d, g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–d), 300 Μm (e), 100 Μm (f), 6 Μm (g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 28. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Endressistemon cateficensis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminal structure with two lateral stamens and one median structure seen in ventral and dorsal view (orientation unknown) showing that each stamen has a prominent apical extension and two pairs of pollen sacs separated by a narrow connective; both stamens are borne on a common base together with the median structure and their anthers are sessile on the common stalk; note the apical projection of the median structure (asterisk) between the two stamens and the ribs over probable vascular bundles that extend from the common base into the apical projections of both stamens and the median structure (arrows); c) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections and median axis-like structure between the two stamens (arrow); d) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections borne on a common base; e) Staminal structure in (a) and (b), from the same orientation as (b), showing the ribs over probable vascular bundles (yellow) that extend into the apical projections; f) Detail of staminal structure in (a) and (b) showing the fused or strongly adhering apical projections of the two lateral stamens and the median structure (asterisk); g) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen grains from the pollen sacs of stamen in (d). Specimens, Catefica 49-S107778 (holotype, a, b, e, f), Catefica 49-S107769 (c), Catefica 49-S107751 (d, g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–d), 300 Μm (e), 100 Μm (f), 6 Μm (g).
Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of staminate inflorescences and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminate inflorescences composed of numerous tetrasporangiate stamens; each stamen lacks a filament and there is no clear indication of other floral organs; note apparently paired arrangement of stamens in (b) (asterisks); c) Pollen in situ in anther from specimen in (a) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d) Detail of pollen from specimen in (a) showing narrow muri with beaded surface ornamentation; e) Distal and proximal views of pollen in situ in an anther fragment; f) Orbicules attached to surface of in situ pollen from anther fragment. Specimens, Catefica M282-P0341 (holotype, a, c, d), Catefica 150-S174257 (b), Catefica 50-S170393 (e, f). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, e), 1.5 Μm (d, f). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of staminate inflorescences and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminate inflorescences composed of numerous tetrasporangiate stamens; each stamen lacks a filament and there is no clear indication of other floral organs; note apparently paired arrangement of stamens in (b) (asterisks); c) Pollen in situ in anther from specimen in (a) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d) Detail of pollen from specimen in (a) showing narrow muri with beaded surface ornamentation; e) Distal and proximal views of pollen in situ in an anther fragment; f) Orbicules attached to surface of in situ pollen from anther fragment. Specimens, Catefica M282-P0341 (holotype, a, c, d), Catefica 150-S174257 (b), Catefica 50-S170393 (e, f). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, e), 1.5 Μm (d, f).
Text-fig. 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov. (a–g) and Proencistemon sp. (h–j); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing almost sessile anthers; note short bracts at the base of the stamen whorl (arrow) and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; b) Fragment of stamen whorl showing almost sessile anthers and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; c) Pollen in situ from stamen whorl in (b) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d–g) Distal views of pollen in situ from pollen clump showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture, semitectate-reticulate tectum (d–f), and fractured pollen wall with long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (g); h) Fragment of staminate inflorescence with narrow, almost sessile, stamens; i, j) Pollen from fragment of staminate inflorescence in (h) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture (i), semitectate-reticulate tectum (i, j) and long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (j). Specimens, Catefica 49-S266015 (a), Catefica 342-S122086 (b, c), Catefica 50-S170394 (d–g), Catefica 49-S107783 (h–j). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b, h), 6 Μm (c–f, i), 1.5 Μm (g, j). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov. (a–g) and Proencistemon sp. (h–j); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fragment of stamen whorl from staminate inflorescence showing almost sessile anthers; note short bracts at the base of the stamen whorl (arrow) and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; b) Fragment of stamen whorl showing almost sessile anthers and apparent paired arrangement of the stamens; c) Pollen in situ from stamen whorl in (b) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d–g) Distal views of pollen in situ from pollen clump showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture, semitectate-reticulate tectum (d–f), and fractured pollen wall with long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (g); h) Fragment of staminate inflorescence with narrow, almost sessile, stamens; i, j) Pollen from fragment of staminate inflorescence in (h) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture (i), semitectate-reticulate tectum (i, j) and long, scattered columellae supporting narrow muri (j). Specimens, Catefica 49-S266015 (a), Catefica 342-S122086 (b, c), Catefica 50-S170394 (d–g), Catefica 49-S107783 (h–j). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b, h), 6 Μm (c–f, i), 1.5 Μm (g, j).
Fig. 7. Bergera koenigii L. A. Plants. B. Inflorescence. C. Pistil and stamens. D–E. Infructescence. F. Fruits. G. Seeds. H in Taxonomic revision of Bergera J.Koenig ex L. (Rutaceae) based on the molecular phylogeny and morphology
Fig. 7. Bergera koenigii L. A. Plants. B. Inflorescence. C. Pistil and stamens. D–E. Infructescence. F. Fruits. G. Seeds. H. Ovary crossection. Photos taken by Feng-Juan Mou in China.
Fig. 93. Begonia speculum Moonlight & Tebbitt. A. Habit. B. Staminate flower, front view. C. Pistillate flower, side view. D. Stamen, front view. E. Stamen, side view. F. Pistil, front view. G. Pistil, back view. H in The genus Begonia (Begoniaceae) in Peru
Fig. 93. Begonia speculum Moonlight & Tebbitt. A. Habit. B. Staminate flower, front view. C. Pistillate flower, side view. D. Stamen, front view. E. Stamen, side view. F. Pistil, front view. G. Pistil, back view. H. Infructescence. Illustration by Claire Banks from P.W. Moonlight & A. Daza 158 (E). Reproduced from Moonlight & Tebbitt (2016), with the permission of Edinburgh Journal of Botany.
Fig. 70. Begonia wollnyi Herzog. 1. Habit. 2. Leaf. 3. Staminate flower, front view. 4. Androecium, side view. 5–7. Stamens, side view. 8. Pistillate flower, side view. 9 in The genus Begonia (Begoniaceae) in Peru
Fig. 70. Begonia wollnyi Herzog. 1. Habit. 2. Leaf. 3. Staminate flower, front view. 4. Androecium, side view. 5–7. Stamens, side view. 8. Pistillate flower, side view. 9. Cross section of ovary, side view. 10–11. Style, front and back view. 12. Cross section of ovary. Reproduction of an illustration of Begonia williamsii Rusby & Nash by an unknown artist reproduced from Nash (1916: pl. 29) at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.
Fig. 79. Begonia elachista Moonlight & Tebbitt. A. Habit. B. Staminate flower, front view. C. Infructescence. D. Pistillate flower, side view. E. Stamens, front view. F. Stamens, side view. G. Pistil, back view. H in The genus Begonia (Begoniaceae) in Peru
Fig. 79. Begonia elachista Moonlight & Tebbitt. A. Habit. B. Staminate flower, front view. C. Infructescence. D. Pistillate flower, side view. E. Stamens, front view. F. Stamens, side view. G. Pistil, back view. H. Pistil, front view. Illustration by Claire Banks from P.W. Moonlight & A. Daza 318 (E). Reproduced from Moonlight et al. (2017a), with the permission of European Journal of Botany.
Fig. 25. Begonia amoeboides Moonlight. A. Habit. B. Stamen, front view. C. Staminate flower, front view. D. Pistillate flower, side view. E in The genus Begonia (Begoniaceae) in Peru
Fig. 25. Begonia amoeboides Moonlight. A. Habit. B. Stamen, front view. C. Staminate flower, front view. D. Pistillate flower, side view. E. Pistils, side view. Illustration by Claire Banks from P.W. Moonlight & A. Daza 150 (E).
Repeated parallel losses of inflexed stamens in Moraceae: phylogenomics and generic revision of the tribe Moreae and the reinstatement of the tribe Olmedieae (Moraceae)
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>We present a densely-sampled phylogenomic study of the mulberry tribe (Moreae, Moraceae), an economically important clade with a global distribution, revealing multiple losses of inflexed stamens, a character traditionally used to circumscribe Moreae. Inflexed stamens facilitate ballistic pollen release and are associated with wind pollination, and the results presented here suggest that losses of this character state may have evolved repeatedly in Moraceae. Neither Moreae nor several of its major genera (<i>Morus</i>, <i>Streblus</i>, <i>Trophis</i>) were found to be monophyletic. A revised system for a monophyletic Moreae is presented, including the reinstatement of the genera <i>Ampalis, Maillardia, Taxotrophis, </i>and <i>Paratrophis</i>, and the recognition of the new genus <i>Afromorus</i>. <i>Pseudostreblus </i>is reinstated and transferred to the Parartocarpeae, and <i>Sloetiopsis </i>is reinstated and transferred to the Dorstenieae. The tribe Olmediae is reinstated, replacing the Castilleae, owing to the reinstatement of the type genus <i>Olmedia, </i>and its exclusion from Moreae. <i>Streblus </i>s.s. is excluded from Moreae and transferred to the Olmediae, which is characterized primarily by involucrate inflorescences without regard to stamen position. Eight new combinations are made.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Tombstone of corporal Stamenic
Tombstone of corporal Stamenic was erected in 1885. in his native village in Western Serbia, relocated in mid-1960's to the capital, and placed next to The Residence of Prince Miloš (Konak Kneza Miloša Obrenovića) in Topčider. Display Land scan, one of the the best ones. More on the monument: http://www.ultrahome.in.rs/nadgrobni/stamenici.html (use Google Translate for English). Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Repeated parallel losses of inflexed stamens in Moraceae: phylogenomics and generic revision of the tribe Moreae and the reinstatement of the tribe Olmedieae (Moraceae)
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FIGURE 3. Agapetes wardii var. heterotricha. A. Habit. B. Flowering branch. C. Opened corolla, abaxial view. D. Stamen, abaxial view. E. Calyx and style. From Ayeyarwady Expedition 1245 in New taxa of Agapetes (Ericaceae) from Myanmar
FIGURE 3. Agapetes wardii var. heterotricha. A. Habit. B. Flowering branch. C. Opened corolla, abaxial view. D. Stamen, abaxial view. E. Calyx and style. From Ayeyarwady Expedition 1245 (IBSC).
FIGURE 2. Astragalus taledensis P. Yan & H. Zhang. A. Habit, B. Inflorescence, C. Fruit, D. Seed, E. Wing, F. Standard, G. Keel, H. Calyx, I. Stamens, J in Astragalus taledensis, a new species of Leguminosae from Xinjiang, China
FIGURE 2. Astragalus taledensis P. Yan & H. Zhang. A. Habit, B. Inflorescence, C. Fruit, D. Seed, E. Wing, F. Standard, G. Keel, H. Calyx, I. Stamens, J. Pistil. Drawing by Siqi Xie.
FIGURE: A. Murdannia triquetra var. ahuchawlense, habit B. Bract C. Sepal D. Petal E. Flower F. Stamens G. Antherodes H. Gynoecium in Murdannia triquetra var. ahuchawlense, a new variety of Murdannia triquetra from North Lakhimpur, Assam
FIGURE: A. Murdannia triquetra var. ahuchawlense, habit B. Bract C. Sepal D. Petal E. Flower F. Stamens G. Antherodes H. Gynoecium
FIGURE 1. Primulina pingleensis. A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Leaf blade. D. Bracts. E. Cyme. F. Opened corolla. G. Pistil. H. Flower, front view. I. Stamen, side view. J. Flower, top view. K. Flower, side view. L. Stigma. M. Disc. N in Primulina pingleensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China
FIGURE 1. Primulina pingleensis. A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Leaf blade. D. Bracts. E. Cyme. F. Opened corolla. G. Pistil. H. Flower, front view. I. Stamen, side view. J. Flower, top view. K. Flower, side view. L. Stigma. M. Disc. N. Calyx lobe, adaxial view. Photos by Ying Qin.
FIGURE 3. Vaccinium glaucorubrum. A. Branch with fruiting inflorescences. B. Leaf, abaxial surface. C. Raceme with flower buds. D. Flower, apical view. E. Fruit, apical view. F. Preanthetic stamen, dorsal view. G. Anthetic stamen, lateral view. H. Flower, lateral view. I. Flower, longitudinal section. J in Novelties in Vietnamese Craibiodendron, Lyonia and Vaccinium (Ericaceae)
FIGURE 3. Vaccinium glaucorubrum. A. Branch with fruiting inflorescences. B. Leaf, abaxial surface. C. Raceme with flower buds. D. Flower, apical view. E. Fruit, apical view. F. Preanthetic stamen, dorsal view. G. Anthetic stamen, lateral view. H. Flower, lateral view. I. Flower, longitudinal section. J. Flower with perianth removed, lateral view. Photos by M. Nuraliev from Nuraliev 2243.
FIGURE. Thalictrum uncatum in the wild (Shangri-la in northwestern Yunnan, China). A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Leaf (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). D. Leaflet (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). E. Flower. F. Sepals. G. Stamens. H. Carpels. I. Aggregate fruit (immature). J. Achenes (immature). Photographed by Y.P. Zeng. in Thalictrum spiristylum (Ranunculaceae), described from northwestern Yunnan, China, is merged with T. atriplex
FIGURE. Thalictrum uncatum in the wild (Shangri-la in northwestern Yunnan, China). A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Leaf (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). D. Leaflet (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). E. Flower. F. Sepals. G. Stamens. H. Carpels. I. Aggregate fruit (immature). J. Achenes (immature). Photographed by Y.P. Zeng.
FIGURE. Thalictrum uncatum in the wild (Xiaojin county in western Sichuan, China). A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Leaf (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). D. Leaflet (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). E. Portion of inflorescence. F. Flower. G. Sepals. H. Stamens. I. Carpels. J. Aggregate fruit (immature). K. Achenes (immature). Photographed by Y.P. Zeng. in Thalictrum spiristylum (Ranunculaceae), described from northwestern Yunnan, China, is merged with T. atriplex
FIGURE. Thalictrum uncatum in the wild (Xiaojin county in western Sichuan, China). A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Leaf (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). D. Leaflet (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). E. Portion of inflorescence. F. Flower. G. Sepals. H. Stamens. I. Carpels. J. Aggregate fruit (immature). K. Achenes (immature). Photographed by Y.P. Zeng.
FIGURE. Thalictrum atriplex in the wild (Shangri-la county in northwestern Yunnan, China). A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Roots. D. Portion of stem. E. Leaf (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). F. Leaflet (adaxial side). G. Portion of inflorescence. H. Flower. I. Sepal (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). J. Stamens. K. Carpels. L. Portion of infructescence. M. Aggregate fruits (immature). N. Achenes (immature). Photographed by Y.P. Zeng. in Thalictrum spiristylum (Ranunculaceae), described from northwestern Yunnan, China, is merged with T. atriplex
FIGURE. Thalictrum atriplex in the wild (Shangri-la county in northwestern Yunnan, China). A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Roots. D. Portion of stem. E. Leaf (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). F. Leaflet (adaxial side). G. Portion of inflorescence. H. Flower. I. Sepal (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). J. Stamens. K. Carpels. L. Portion of infructescence. M. Aggregate fruits (immature). N. Achenes (immature). Photographed by Y.P. Zeng.
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