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Seasonal and annual summary statistics of urbanization, vegetation, land surface temperature, and bioclimatic variables derived from remotely-sensed imagery in areas surrounding long-term bird monitoring locations in the greater Phoenix, Arizona, USA metropolitan area (1997-2023)
This data package consists of 26 years (1998-2023) of environmental data and 22 years (2000-2022) years of bioclimatic data associated with CAP-LTER long-term point-count bird censusing sites (https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/4777d7f0a899f506d6d4f9b5d535ba09), temporally aggregated by year and by four meteorological seasons (Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall). The environmental variables include land surface temperature (LST), three spectral indices of vegetation and water – the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), and modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) – and four spectral indices of impervious surface/urbanization. Impervious surface indices include the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), the normalized difference impervious surface index (NDISI), the enhanced normalized differences impervious surface index (ENDISI), and the normalized impervious surface index (NISI). LST and all spectral indices were derived from annual and seasonal composites of 30-m resolution Landsat 5-9 Level-2 Surface Reflectance imagery. The seven bioclimatic variables (e.g., air temperature, precipitation) were sourced from 1-km resolution gridded estimates of daily climatic data from NASA Daymet V4. We created temporally-aggregated Daymet raster images by calculating mean pixel-values for each season and year, as well as seasonally and annually summed precipitation. We summarized the values of each environmental variable by generating variously-sized (100-m, 500-m, 1000-m) buffers around each bird point count location and extracting weighted mean values of each environmental variable, with each pixel's values weighted by the proportion of its area falling within the buffer. All imagery retrieval and data processing were completed with Google Earth Engine (Gorelick et al. 2017) and program R. A complete description of data processing methods, including the aggregation of imagery by year and season and the calculation of s
Surface Water Quality Monitoring Data collected in South Florida Coastal Waters (FCE LTER), Florida, USA, June 1989-ongoing
The Southeast Environmental Research Center at Florida International University operates a network of 331 fixed sampling sites distributed throughout the estuarine and coastal ecosystems of south Florida. The purpose of this network is to address concerns in regional water quality which cross and overlap separate political boundaries. Funding has come from different sources with individual programs being added as funding became available. Biscayne Bay, Florida Bay, Whitewater Bay, Ten Thousand Islands, Rookery Bay, Estero Bay, and Pine Island Sound are sampled monthly while the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) and the southwest shelf are sampled quarterly. Variables currently being measured include surface and bottom temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, total nitrogen, total organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, total organic carbon, total silicate, chlorophyll a, alkaline phosphatase activity, turbidity, and light extinction. The purpose of this network is to address concerns in regional water quality which cross and overlap separate political boundaries. One of the products is a quasi-synoptic big picture of nutrient and phytoplankton biomass distributions over the South Florida Coastal Waters. The SERC network will, in time, provide us with the data necessary to determine whether conditions within the estuaries and sanctuary are improving or declining.
Water Depths and Water Temperatures near Soil Surface from Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), Florida, USA, October 2000 - ongoing
Water depth (from October 2000 to present) and water temperature (from September 2021 to present) are recorded at least hourly at SRS1c (not active), SRS1d, SRS2, SRS3, SRS4, SRS5, and SRS6. Water depth is measured with pressure water level loggers (Infinities USA or HOBO) that record water height relative to the local soil surface. Water temperature near soil surface is measured with HOBO loggers. Note by IM (2021): The water meters at some of the SRS sites have been moved over the years as boardwalks have been reconstructed. There is no set survey datum for these sites, so it is impossible to correct the data to an actual datum. For hydrologic applications, it may be better to use water level data from USGS stations.
Water Depths and Water Temperatures near Soil Surface from Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), Florida, USA, August 1999 - ongoing
Water depth (from August 1999 to present) and water temperature (from May 2021 to present) are recorded hourly at TS/Ph1a, TS/Ph2 and TS/Ph3 and every 30 minutes at TS/Ph6a and TS/Ph7a. Water depth is measured with pressure water level loggers (Infinities USA or HOBO) that record water height relative to the local soil surface. Water temperature near soil surface is measured with HOBO loggers. Note by IM (2021): The water meters at some of the TS sites have been moved over the years as boardwalks have been reconstructed. There is no set survey datum for these sites, so it is impossible to correct the data to an actual datum. For hydrologic applications, it may be better to use water level data from USGS stations.
Variation in Landsat 8-estimated land surface temperature with elevation from Spartina alterniflora marsh cross sections in the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research (GCE-LTER) site and Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR) LTER sites for winter and summer observations spanning 2013-2018
We estimated land surface temperature from top of atmosphere brightness temperature provided by Landsat 8's band 10 (a thermal band). We collected these measurements first for Spartina alterniflora dominated marsh near the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research (GCE-LTER) eddy covariance flux tower. Measurements were collected from pixels along three east-west cross sections that spanned a marsh edge to interior gradient. We extracted Landsat 8 data for all available cloud-free low tide dates during August, September, January and February during the years 2013 to 2018 and associated these with marsh elevation information from a 1 m^2 Digital Elevation Model (DEM), created by Haldik et al 2013, also available from the GCE data catalog (http://dx.doi.org/10.6073/pasta/4c5187ef603f70cd0a77ece24ef0fed9). We rescaled the DEM to the coarser spatial resolution of Landsat 8 (30 x 30 m) where the rescaled elevation was the mean of the constituent DEM values. Ultimately, we used generalized additive models to relate land surface temperature to elevation, while accounting for variation from spatial proximity, transect and sample date. These models revealed that land surface temperature was negatively related to marsh elevation on the marsh platform. We then confirmed the generality of this pattern by rederiving these same relationships for three cross sections of Spartina alterniflora marsh at Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR) LTER for winter sampling dates only (data also included here). DEM data for VCR LTER are available at https://www.vcrlter.virginia.edu/gisdata/LIDAR/USGS2015/. We used custom R functions that can convert Landsat 8 top of atmosphere brightness temperature or top of atmosphere radiance from band 10 data to land surface temperature, which are available at https://github.com/jloconnell/convert_top_of_atmosphere_thermal_to_land_surface_temperature. Currently, a provisional land surface temperature product is available on earthexplorer.usgs.gov, w
Mass and Chemistry of Organic Horizons and Surface Mineral Soils on Watershed 6 at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 1976 - present
The forest floor of Watershed 6 was first sampled in 1969-70. These data include forest floor thickness, soil mass, organic matter content, and major-element composition for samples collected since 1976. Watershed 6 has been resampled at intervals varying from one to ten years. Sampling at five to ten year intervals is expected to continue. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Mass and Chemistry of Organic Horizons and Surface Mineral Soils on Watershed 1 at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest 1996-present
This data set includes chemistry of O-horizons ("forest floor") and the 0-10 cm mineral soil layer in Watershed 1 at Hubbard Book. Calcium in the form of wollastonite (CaSiO3) was added to Watershed 1 in October 1999. The application rate was 1028 kg Ca per ha, and the application was relatively uniform across the watershed. Pre-treatment forest floor surveys were completed in 1996 and 1998. The first post-treatment forest floor survey was completed in 2000. This data set includes mass and thickness data for the sampled layers. Chemical data include concentrations and pools of organic matter, C, N, Ca, Mg, K, P, Mn, Fe, Al, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Soil pH and exchangeable Al, Ca, Mg, K, and H are also included. Sampling is intended to continue at 4 or 5 year intervals. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Cover and frequency of biological soil crust community types, moss species, vascular plants, and abiotic land surface features, on gypsum & non-gypsum soils from the Chihuahuan and Mojave Deserts in 2023
This dataset contains raw and calculated percent cover and frequency data for biological soil crust (hereafter biocrust) functional groups, vascular plant functional groups, and abiotic land surface features on and off gypsum soils in the northern Chihuahuan and eastern Mojave Deserts. Abundance data were obtained from 20 study sites total, 10 located on soils derived from gypsum parent material and 10 located on soils derived from non-gypsum parent materials. Sites were grouped into 10 pairs, in which every gypsum site was partnered with a non-gypsum site located in the same region. Apart from soil type, partnered-site characteristics (topography, climate, elevation, slope, aspect, and presence of biocrusts) were held relatively constant. At each site, cover and frequency assessments were made using the line-point intercept method (LPI) and frequency quadrats (1.0 m^2), respectively. Biocrust functional groups included the following crusts: lichen, moss, incipient algal, light algal, dark algal, unknown photosynthetic crust, and vagrant cyanobacteria. Vascular plant categories included: perennial forbs, perennial graminoids, annual forbs, annual graminoids, subshrub, shrub, Yucca, and cacti. Abiotic land surface features included: woody litter, herbaceous litter, bare soil, rock, bedrock, and animal feces. Moss crusts identified within cover and frequency analyses were sampled, and classified to species level via microscopy. The resulting percent cover and frequency data was used to understand differences in biocrust and moss species abundance and diversity on and off gypsum soils; furthermore, how biocrust and moss species abundance was associated with the measured environmental variables. Soil physical and chemical data from this study can be accessed at knb-lter-jrn.210616002. This study and dataset are complete.
Globally distributed lake surface water temperatures collected in situ and by satellites; 1985-2009
Global environmental change has influenced lake surface temperatures, a key driver of ecosystem structure and function. Recent studies have suggested significant warming of water temperatures in individual lakes across many different regions around the world. However, the spatial and temporal coherence associated with the magnitude of these trends remains unclear. Thus, a global dataset of water temperature is required to understand and synthesize global, long-term trends in surface water temperatures of inland bodies of water. We assembled a database of summer lake surface temperatures for 291 lakes collected in situ and/or by satellites for the period 1985-2009. In addition, corresponding climatic drivers (air temperatures, solar radiation, and cloud cover) and geomorphometric characteristics (latitude, longitude, elevation, lake surface area, maximum depth, mean depth, and volume) that influence lake surface temperatures were compiled for each lake. This unique dataset offers an invaluable baseline perspective on global-scale lake thermal conditions as environmental change continues. This dataset accompanies a data publication in the journal Scientific Data
Zooplankton collected with a 2-m, 700-um net towed from surface to 120 m, aboard Palmer Station Antarctica LTER annual cruises off the western Antarctic peninsula, 2009 - 2024.
Zooplankton are a morphologically and taxonomically diverse group of animals. Many zooplankton feed on phytoplankton and thus provide a link between primary producers and higher trophic levels. Zooplankton density and biovolume were determined at grid stations on the annual LTER cruises along the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). Annual cruises take place between late December to early February, except for the NBP21-13 cruise, which was November and December. Typically, zooplankton were collected with a 2x2 meter, 700um mesh net fitted with a flow meter and towed obliquely to 120m. Zooplankton distributions vary spatially due to water column characteristics, which affect their predators' distributions. As climate change continues to affect the WAP, the relative abundance of the various zooplankton components can also be expected to change.
Standard body length of Euphausia superba collected with a 2-m, 700-um net towed from surface to 120 m, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 2009 - 2024.
Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, are a critical food-web link between phytoplankton primary production and higher trophic levels, such as whales, penguins, and seals. Krill standard length was measured from LTER zooplankton tows along the western Antarctic Peninsula. Annual cruises take place between late December to early February, except for the NBP21-13 cruise, which was November and December. Length data provides estimates of age-class abundance and recruitment. Climate-induced changes in krill recruitment are an important consideration in the management and modelling of krill populations.
Length of Salpa thompsoni collected with a 2-m, 700-um net towed from surface to 120 m, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 2009 - 2024.
Salps (Salpa thompsoni) are conspicuous gelatinous zooplankton capable of rapid population increases, enabling them to respond quickly to unpredictable phytoplankton blooms common in the Antarctic. Body length was measured on salps collected from LTER zooplankton tows along the western Antarctic Peninsula. Annual cruises take place between late December to early February, except for the NBP21-13 cruise, which was November and December. Salps have amongst the highest filtration rates of all zooplankton, and package their waste into large, fast sinking fecal pellets. These pellets provide a mechanism to export carbon fixed in the surface waters into the deep ocean. Since filtration rates and pellet size are positively related to the size of a salp, population estimates of grazing and exported carbon can be determined through length data.
Change in marsh surface elevation measured with a Surface Elevation Table (SET) at control and fertilized plots at Spartina alterniflora, S.patens and Typha sp. marshes, Plum Island Ecosystems LTER, MA (1999-2025).
A Surface Elevation Table (SET) is used to measure changes in the elevation of the marsh surface at three long term marsh control and fertilization experimental research sites. The sites include one Typha-dominated brackish marsh, one Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh, and one S. patens-dominated salt marsh. Sites are located on the Rowley and upper Parker Rivers in the Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) LTER.
Surface Elevation Table (SET) data (pin heights) from control and fertilized plots at Spartina alterniflora, S. patens and Typha sp. marshes, Plum Island Ecosystems LTER, MA (1999-2025).
A Surface Elevation Table (SET) is used to measure changes in the elevation of the marsh surface at three long term marsh fertilization experimental research sites. The sites include one Typha-dominated brackish marsh, one Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh, and one S. patens-dominated salt marsh. Sites are located on the Rowley and upper Parker Rivers in the Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) LTER site.
SBC LTER: Meteorological and sea surface data from the R/V Pt. Sur Underway Data Acquisition System (UDAS) in the Santa Barbara Channel: LTER01, 2001-03-20 to 2001-03-26
The data described here were collected on LTER01 which took place from 2001-03-20 to 2001-03-26 on the RV Pt. Sur. Cruises have been conducted in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, USA, 3-4 times per year since March, 2001 and are approximately 7 days in length. There are 2 basic types of measurements: Underway measurements: fluorometry, salinity and temperature are collected at a depth of 3m with a flow-through system which also includes continuous atmospheric climate measurements. Underway acoustic dopler current profiles were collected using a NB 150kHz ADCP.
SBC LTER: Meteorological and sea surface data from the R/V Pt. Sur Underway Data Acquisition System (UDAS) in the Santa Barbara Channel: LTER02, 2001-09-07 to 2001-09-15
The data described here were collected on LTER02 which took place from 2001-09-07 to 2001-09-15 on the RV Pt. Sur. Cruises have been conducted in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, USA, 3-4 times per year since March, 2001 and are approximately 7 days in length. There are 2 basic types of measurements: Underway measurements: fluorometry, salinity and temperature are collected at a depth of 3m with a flow-through system which also includes continuous atmospheric climate measurements. Underway acoustic dopler current profiles were collected using a NB 150kHz ADCP.
SBC LTER: Meteorological and sea surface data from the R/V Pt. Sur Underway Data Acquisition System (UDAS) in the Santa Barbara Channel: LTER03, 2002-02-18 to 2002-02-27
The data described here were collected on LTER03 which took place from 2002-02-18 to 2002-02-27 on the RV Pt. Sur. Cruises have been conducted in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, USA, 3-4 times per year since March, 2001 and are approximately 7 days in length. There are 2 basic types of measurements: Underway measurements: fluorometry, salinity and temperature are collected at a depth of 3m with a flow-through system which also includes continuous atmospheric climate measurements. Underway acoustic dopler current profiles were collected using a NB 150kHz ADCP.
SBC LTER: Meteorological and sea surface data from the R/V Pt. Sur Underway Data Acquisition System (UDAS) in the Santa Barbara Channel: LTER04, 2002-04-24 to 2002-05-03
The data described here were collected on LTER04 which took place from 2002-04-24 to 2002-05-03 on the RV Pt. Sur. Cruises have been conducted in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, USA, 3-4 times per year since March, 2001 and are approximately 7 days in length. There are 2 basic types of measurements: Underway measurements: fluorometry, salinity and temperature are collected at a depth of 3m with a flow-through system which also includes continuous atmospheric climate measurements. Underway acoustic dopler current profiles were collected using a NB 150kHz ADCP.
SBC LTER: Meteorological and sea surface data from the R/V Pt. Sur Underway Data Acquisition System (UDAS) in the Santa Barbara Channel: LTER05, 2002-09-03 to 2002-09-12
The data described here were collected on LTER05 which took place from 2002-09-03 to 2002-09-12 on the RV Pt. Sur. Cruises have been conducted in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, USA, 3-4 times per year since March, 2001 and are approximately 7 days in length. There are 2 basic types of measurements: Underway measurements: fluorometry, salinity and temperature are collected at a depth of 3m with a flow-through system which also includes continuous atmospheric climate measurements. Underway acoustic dopler current profiles were collected using a NB 150kHz ADCP.
SBC LTER: Meteorological and sea surface data from the R/V Pt. Sur Underway Data Acquisition System (UDAS) in the Santa Barbara Channel: LTER06, 2003-02-25 to 2003-03-06
The data described here were collected on LTER06 which took place from 2003-02-25 to 2003-03-06 on the RV Pt. Sur. Cruises have been conducted in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, USA, 3-4 times per year since March, 2001 and are approximately 7 days in length. There are 2 basic types of measurements: Underway measurements: fluorometry, salinity and temperature are collected at a depth of 3m with a flow-through system which also includes continuous atmospheric climate measurements. Underway acoustic dopler current profiles were collected using a NB 150kHz ADCP.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.