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134 results for “surface area”
Microbial structures in the surface sediments of Shenhu Area, South China Sea-Appendix A. Supporting information
<p>Microbial structures in the surface sediments of Shenhu Area, South China Sea-Appendix A. Supporting information</p>
Data from: Static allometry of unicellular green algae: scaling of cellular surface area and volume in the genus Micrasterias (Desmidiales)
The surface area-to-volume ratio of cells is one of the key factors affecting fundamental biological processes and, thus, fitness of unicellular organisms. One of the general models for allometric increase in surface-to-volume scaling involves fractal-like elaboration of cellular surfaces. However, specific data illustrating this pattern in natural populations of the unicellular organisms have not previously been available. This study shows that unicellular green algae of the genus Micrasterias (Desmidiales) have positive allometric surface-to-volume scaling caused by changes in morphology of individual species, especially in the degree of cell lobulation. This allometric pattern was also detected within most of the cultured and natural populations analysed. Values of the allometric S:V scaling within individual populations were closely correlated to the phylogenetic structure of the clade. In addition, they were related to species-specific cellular morphology. Individual populations differed in their allometric patterns, and their position in the allometric space was strongly correlated with the degree of allometric S:V scaling. This result illustrates that allometric shape patterns are an important correlate of the capacity of individual populations to compensate for increases in their cell volumes by increasing the surface area. However, variation in allometric patterns was not associated with phylogenetic structure. This indicates that the position of the populations in the allometric space was not evolutionarily conserved and might be influenced by environmental factors.
Data from: Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas
High-resolution information on climatic conditions is essential to many applications in environmental and ecological sciences. Here we present the CHELSA (Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas) data of downscaled model output temperature and precipitation estimates of the ERA-Interim climatic reanalysis to a high resolution of 30 arc sec. The temperature algorithm is based on statistical downscaling of atmospheric temperatures. The precipitation algorithm incorporates orographic predictors including wind fields, valley exposition, and boundary layer height, with a subsequent bias correction. The resulting data consist of a monthly temperature and precipitation climatology for the years 1979–2013. We compare the data derived from the CHELSA algorithm with other standard gridded products and station data from the Global Historical Climate Network. We compare the performance of the new climatologies in species distribution modelling and show that we can increase the accuracy of species range predictions. We further show that CHELSA climatological data has a similar accuracy as other products for temperature, but that its predictions of precipitation patterns are better.
Data from: Ecology of ontogenetic body-mass scaling of gill surface area in a freshwater crustacean
Several studies have documented ecological effects on intra- and interspecific body-size scaling of metabolic rate. However, little is known about how various ecological factors may affect the scaling of respiratory structures supporting oxygen uptake for metabolism. Our study is apparently the first to provide evidence for ecological effects on the scaling of a respiratory structure among conspecific populations of any animal. We compared the body-mass scaling of gill surface area (SA) among eight spring-dwelling populations of the amphipod crustacean Gammarus minus. Although gill SA scaling was not related to water temperature, conductivity or G. minus population density, it was significantly related to predation regime (and secondarily to pH). Body-mass scaling slopes for gill SA were significantly lower in four populations inhabiting springs with fish predators than for those in four springs without fish (based on comparing means of the population slopes, or slopes calculated from pooled raw data for each comparison group). As a result, gill SA was proportionately smaller in adult amphipods from fish vs. fishless springs. This scaling difference paralleled similar differences in the scaling exponents for the rates of growth and resting metabolic rate. We hypothesized that gill SA scaling is shallower in fish vs. fishless spring populations of G. minus because of effects of size-selective predation on size-specific growth and activity that in turn affect the scaling of oxygen demand and concomitantly the gill capacity (SA) for oxygen uptake. Although influential theory claims that metabolic scaling is constrained by internal body design, our study builds on previous work to show that the scaling of both metabolism and the respiratory structures supporting it may be ecologically sensitive and evolutionarily malleable.
Tuning Mesopore Accessibility of High Surface Area Doped Ceria-zirconia Mixed Oxides by Hydrothermal Posttreatment
<p>Raw analysis data of the studied mesoporous ceria-zirconia mixed oxides. Contains the following datasets:</p> <ul> <li>physisorption (raw isotherms in .aif-format)</li> <li>SAXS intensities in ASCII format</li> <li>electron tomography (unprocessed tilt series as well as final reconstructions and raw analysis data)</li> </ul>
Predicting time series of vegetation leaf area index across North America based on climate variables for land surface modeling using attention-enhanced LSTM
<p>We developed an attention-enhanced long and short memory (AELSTM) model for predicting vegetation LAI time series based on climatic data. The developed AELSTM model establishes the relationships between the time series of vegetation LAI and climatic variables. </p>
Data Analysis for: Coupling Cell Size Regulation and Proliferation Dynamics for C. glutamicum Reveals Cell Division Based on Surface Area
<div>Data and methods of Data Analysis of: Coupling Cell Size Regulation and Proliferation Dynamics of</div> <div>C. glutamicum Reveals Cell Division Based on Surface Area</div> <div> </div> <div>Authors: Cesar Nieto and Zahra Vahdat at University of Delaware (2023)</div> <div>Correspondence: cnieto@udel.edu.</div> <div> </div> <div> </div>
Computational Data: Accurately computed dimerization trends of ALD precursors and their impact on surface reactivity in area-selective atomic layer deposition
<p><span>The Lewis acidic nature of aluminum atoms in common precursors for the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> can lead to dimerization. This study investigates whether these compounds predominantly exist as monomers or dimers under ALD conditions. Understanding dimerization is crucial for discussing precursor reactivities and other properties, especially in the context of area-selective ALD (AS-ALD). We employed a theoretical approach, incorporating conformer search, density functional theory, and coupled cluster calculations, to determine the dissociated dimer fraction for a range of precursors under typical ALD pressures and temperatures. The precursors studied include aluminum alkyls, chlorinated aluminum alkyls, dimethylaluminumisopropoxide (DMAI), and trisdimethylamidoaluminum (TDMAA). Our findings indicate that aluminum alkyls are completely dissociated over the whole parameter range, while DMAI and TDMAA form stable dimers. Chlorinated precursors were found to exist in both monomeric and dimeric forms depending on temperature and pressure.</span></p>
Mercury isotopic compositions in fine particles and offshore surface seawater in a coastal area of East China: Implication for Hg sources and atmospheric transformations
<p>Original data:</p> <p>sheet 1: PHg concentration</p> <p>sheet2: Chemical components in PM2.5</p> <p>sheet3: PHg isotopes</p> <p>sheet4: Seawater Hg isotopes</p>
FIGURE. Coprolites preserved in an early Permian fern mesophyll. A, Gross morphology of a fragmentary fern frond, specimen PB23532. B, Basal part of a penultimate pinna showing sphenopteroid vegetative pinnules. C, Polished surface showing two sporangia with typical annulus structures (white arrowheads). D, SEM image showing an in situ trilete spore. E, The fertile pinnule which contains numerous coprolites along a transverse wound area. F, Enlargement showing coprolites filled with brown to black contents. G, SEM image of the same part in E. H, SEM image showing locally preserved epidermal cells and nearby coprolites. in Discovery of coprolites in an Early Permian fern mesophyll
FIGURE. Coprolites preserved in an early Permian fern mesophyll. A, Gross morphology of a fragmentary fern frond, specimen PB23532. B, Basal part of a penultimate pinna showing sphenopteroid vegetative pinnules. C, Polished surface showing two sporangia with typical annulus structures (white arrowheads). D, SEM image showing an in situ trilete spore. E, The fertile pinnule which contains numerous coprolites along a transverse wound area. F, Enlargement showing coprolites filled with brown to black contents. G, SEM image of the same part in E. H, SEM image showing locally preserved epidermal cells and nearby coprolites.
FP7 NanoValid: Report on an interlaboratory comparison on BET specific surface area of nanoparticulate TiO2 (Anatase)
<p>This Report describes an international inter-laboratory comparison covering 20 data sets aiming on the establishment of the used method (BET) as a reference method in the measurement of nanoparticles. Another purpose was the certification of the porous reference material #15 BAM <em>Titania</em> as CRM BAM-P110 (cf. NanoValid deliverable D 5.41/42). The certified values with combined uncertainty determined obtained by nitrogen adsorption at 77.3 K according to the international standards ISO 15901-2 and ISO 9277 are given in the report.</p> <p>The NanoValid nanomaterial reporting form for the shared nano-particulate Anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> sampleis added and delivers SEM, T-SEM, EDX, BET and XRD images or spectra.</p> <p>Information on the EU FP7 Project NanoValid <em>Development of reference methods for hazard identification, risk assessment and LCA of engineered nanomaterials</em> can found here: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/101043/factsheet/en</p> <p> </p>
FIGURE 12. Triolena vasquezii. A. Plant. B. Inflorescence apex. C. Flower bud. D. Petals, adaxial surface. E in New and noteworthy Melastomataceae from the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park and surrounding areas in Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru
FIGURE 12. Triolena vasquezii. A. Plant. B. Inflorescence apex. C. Flower bud. D. Petals, adaxial surface. E. Flower, longitudinal section, petals and four stamens removed. F. Hypanthium plus ovary, apical view (left), longitudinal section (right). G. Stamens, from left to right, antesepalous—lateral view, antepetalous—lateral view, antesepalous—dorsal view. antepetalous—dorsal view, antesepalous— ventral view, antepetalous—ventral view. H. Young fruit, longitudinal section. I. Fruits, apical view. A. Valenzuela 11984 (NY); B–I. Michelangeli 2705 (NY, spirit collection).
FIGURE 1. Macrocentrum andinum. A. Fertile branch with fruits. B. Leaves, adaxial surface. C. Flower bud. D. Petal, adaxial surface. E in New and noteworthy Melastomataceae from the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park and surrounding areas in Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru
FIGURE 1. Macrocentrum andinum. A. Fertile branch with fruits. B. Leaves, adaxial surface. C. Flower bud. D. Petal, adaxial surface. E. Flower, longitudinal section, with petals and stamens removed; details of calyx and calyx margin. F. Stamen, antesepalous from left to right, lateral view, dorsal view, ventral view, detail of stamen apex. G. Capsule, lateral view. H. Capsule, longitudinal section. A–H from Vasquez et al. 37403 (NY).
Data related to manuscript: Comparison of size distribution and electrical particle sensor measurement methods for particle lung deposited surface area (LDSAal) in ambient measurements with varying conditions (accepted for publication in Aerosol Research)
<p>These files include data which was utilised to calculate the results in the manuscript (https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-2024-13). </p>
Processing steps to generate a Digital Surface Model based on SPOT-7 tri-stereo images published in the study "An assessment of the effects of DEM quality and spatial resolution on a model for mapping lahar inundation areas at volcan Copahue (Argentina & Chile)" in the Journal of South American Earth Sciences https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2022.104138
<p>The Digital Surface Model (DSM) was created from SPOT-7 tri-stereo images for the Copahue volcano between the border of Argentina and Chile. Two versions of the DSM are provided: an unfiltered product and a final, filtered product. The final product has a spatial resolution of 5-m and was used for lahar inundation modeling for the Copahue volcano (Viotto, Toyos, and Bookhagen 2022, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2022.104138">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2022.104138</a> : An assessment of the effects of DEM quality and spatial resolution on a model for mapping lahar hazard inundation at Volcán Copahue (Argentina & Chile). <em>Journal of South American Earth Sciences</em> ). The dataset provided should be cited together with the article. </p> <p><strong>DSM processing </strong></p> <p>The source images were given by a SPOT-7 snow- and cloud-free triplet (Nadir, Backward and Forward) of 1.5 m spatial resolution from 19 April 2018 (SPOT Image, Airbus Defence and Space GmbH, distributed by CONAE; Dataset ID: <em>SEN_SPOT7_20180419_142955500_000</em>, delivered by CONAE as <em>DS_SPOT7_20180419</em>).</p> <p>The data were processed with the suite of digital photogrammetry tools AMES Stereo Pipeline ASP (Beyer et al., 2018). The procedure for the generation of the DSM is summarized by following steps: </p> <ol> <li> <p>The orbital parameters (RCP models) were adjusted using the bundle adjustment tool with no ground control points, since they were unavailable.</p> </li> <li> <p>The scenes were map-projected onto the NASADEM (spatial resolution of 30 m) elevation dataset, assisted by the results of the orbital adjustment in Step 1.</p> </li> <li>The stereo correlation of the map-projected scenes including the results of the adjusted orbital parameters, was performed three times, using as first scene (i.e., primary image) the nadir (N), backward (B), and forward (F) images . In each run, the order of images to perform the stereo correlation was: N-F-B, F-N-B, and B-N-F. Thus, three point clouds were generated. Specific ASP correlator settings (other than defaults parameters; for details see the provided stereo-default file) were set in the following way: <em>Correlation Kernel</em>: 15 x 15 pixels; <em>Sub-pixel Refinement Kernel</em>: 21 x 21 pixels; <em>Subpixel Refinement Mode</em>: 2 (Weighted Affine Adaptive Window Correlator EM)</li> <li> <p>The three point clouds were merged into one point cloud with a regular grid of 5 m (unfiltered product, known as <em>DSM_Copahue_UTM19S_WGS84_5m_raw.tif</em>).</p> </li> </ol> <p>The quality of the final point cloud was assessed by comparing the unfiltered DSM with a spatial resolution of 12-m against the WorldDEM<sup>TM</sup> elevation dataset (Collins et al., 2015). The WorldDEM was provided by Airbus Defence and Space GmbH under license for the scope of the Viotto et al., 2022 study. The comparison of the pixel-to-pixel heights above the ellipsoid (WGS84) between the two datasets resulted in a mean difference of 0.67 m and a standard deviation of +/- 4.82 m. </p> <p>Comprehensive details on the methodologies evaluated to create the dataset with ASP, can be found in the corresponding master's thesis “Topografía digital y modelado de lahares en el Volcán Copahue, Argentina-Chile” from S. Viotto (link: https://rdu.unc.edu.ar/handle/11086/15384). Recommended literature about processing DEMs from SPOT imagery is given by Mueting et al., 2021 (<a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021JF006330">https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021JF006330</a>). </p> <p><strong>Creation of the Final, Filtered DSM product</strong></p> <p>The corrections and improvements applied to the unfiltered product to create the final, filtered DSM (named DSM_Copahue_UTM19S_WGS84_5m_VoidFilled.tif) are summarized by following steps. </p> <p> </p> <ol> <li> <p><em>Water Bodies Delineation</em></p> </li> </ol> <p>The delineation of the water bodies was based on a mask created from the free access water bodies datasets provided by the Instituto Geográfico Nacional of Argentina (<a href="https://www.ign.gob.ar/NuestrasActividades/InformacionGeoespacial/CapasSIG">https://www.ign.gob.ar/ NuestrasActividades/InformacionGeoespacia l/CapasSIG</a>) and by the Ministerio de Bienes Nacionales in Chile ( <a href="https://www.ide.cl/index.php/aguas-continentales/item/1508-catastro-de-lagos">https://www.ide.cl/index.php /aguas-continentales/item/1508-catastro-de-lagos</a>). A total of 45 lakes within the area of interest were considered. Lakes with areas below or equal to 25 m2 were smoothed with a median filter in the last step. Lakes with areas above this threshold were filled in with a constant value and their borders were smoothed with a median filter to provide smooth shorelines.</p> <p><em>2 . Void Filling</em></p> <p>Voids (other than water bodies) were filled with the tool “Close Gaps” from Saga GIS software. </p> <p><em>3. Smoothing</em></p> <p>Finally, the elevation dataset was smoothed with a median filter using a 3 x 3 pixel window, excluding water bodies filled in the step 1. </p> <p><strong>Final Remarks and Suggestion</strong></p> <p>The quality assessment of the final version by visual inspection of the hillshades suggested an improvement of the signal to noise ratio. However, the void filling process may be improved.</p> <p><br> </p> <p><strong>Dataset Description</strong></p> <table align="center"> <caption> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td>Digital Surface Models</td> <td> <p>No Data Value = -9999</p> <p>Format = float 32 bit</p> <p>File Format = GeoTiff</p> <p>Vertical Datum: WGS84</p> <p>Projection information: EPSG 32719 (UTM19S)</p> <p>Spatial Resolution: 5m (subfix: <em>_5m</em>) </p> <p>Versions: </p> <ul> <li> <p>Unfiltered product: without corrections <em>DSM_Copahue_UTM19S_WGS84_5m_raw.tif</em></p> </li> <li> <p>Final, filtered product: smoothed and void filled <em>DSM_Copahue_UTM19S_WGS84_5m_VoidFilled.tif</em></p> </li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Water Bodies Mask</td> <td> <p>No Lake Value = 0</p> <p>Lakes Values = 1 to 45</p> <p>File Format= GeoTiff</p> <p>Spatial Resolution: 5m (subfix: <em>_5m</em>)</p> <p>Projection information : EPSG 32719 (UTM19S)</p> <p><em>WB_mask_5m_UTM19S.tif</em></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Repository structure</strong></p> <p>|__ 01_Scripts</p> <p> |+ run21_CopahueDSM_AMES_sviotto.sh</p> <p> |+ stereo.default</p> <p>|__ 02_DSMs</p> <p> |+ DSM_Copahue_UTM19S_WGS84_5m_raw.tif</p> <p> |+ DSM_Copahue_UTM19S_WGS84_5m_VoidFilled.tif</p> <p> |+ WB_mask_5m_UTM19S.tif</p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Beyer, R. A., Alexandrov, O., & McMichael, S. (2018). The Ames Stereo Pipeline: NASA's open source software for deriving and processing terrain data. <em>Earth and Space Science</em>, 5, 537– 548. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EA000409">https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EA000409</a></p> <p>Collins, J., Riegler, G., Schrader, H., Tinz, M., 2015. Applying terrain and hydrological editing to TanDEM-X data to create a consumer-ready worlddem product. Int. Arch. Photogram. Rem. Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci. 40 (7), 1149. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-7-W3-1149-2015.</p> <p>Mueting, A., Bookhagen, B., & Strecker, M. R. (2021). Identification of debris-flow channels using high-resolution topographic data: A case study in the Quebrada del Toro, NW Argentina. <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface</em>, 126, e2021JF006330. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006330">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006330</a></p> <p>Viotto, S., Toyos, G., & Bookhagen, B. (2022). An assessment of the effects of DEM quality and spatial resolution on a model for mapping lahar hazard inundation at volcán copahue (Argentina & Chile). Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 104138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2022.104138</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Surface EMG data from seven representative forearm areas during seven grasps relevant for personal autonomy
<p>This dataset contains 3150 data of four sEMG characteristics: muscle activity, zero crossing, enhanced wavelength and enhanced mean absolute value. while performing seven grasp types. Data were recorded using surface EMG electrodes from seven representative forearm areas. </p> <p>Data are presented as a Matlab data structure (<em>.mat</em> file). This structure contains the four sEMG characteristics classified as: subject, grasp, repetition and spot area. The fields contained in the structure are those detailed in the following scheme:</p> <ul> <li>Subject: subject ID;</li> <li>Grasp: Grasp ID;</li> <li>Repetition: Repetition of each grasp, from 1 to 3.</li> <li>Spot area: Spot ID for the seven representative spot areas, according to [1].</li> <li>FZC: zero crossing</li> <li>EWL: enhanced wavelength</li> <li>EMAV: enhanced mean absolute value</li> <li>AM: Muscle activity</li> </ul> <p>[1] Jarque-Bou, N. J., Vergara, M., Sancho-Bru, J. L., Alba, R.-S. & Gracia-Ibáñez, V. Identification of forearm skin zones with similar muscle activation patterns during activities of daily living. <em>J. NeuroEngineering Rehabil. </em>(2018).</p>
A Study Comparing Chemotherapy Dosing Based on Either Standard Body Surface Area or Lean Body Mass in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01624051. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Pressure Area Distribution on a Variety of Clinical Surfaces
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03148821. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
The Effect of Combined 650 nm and Infrared Laser on Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcer Surface Area:
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05517863. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
Data from: Macroevolution of desiccation-related morphology in plethodontid salamanders as inferred from a novel surface area to volume ratio estimation approach
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