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222 results for “surprise”
Swordtail fish hybrids reveal that genome evolution is surprisingly predictable after initial hybridization
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Macaques preferentially attend to intermediately surprising information
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Small fish, large river: surprisingly minimal genetic structure in a dispersal-limited, habitat specialist fish
<p>Genetic connectivity is expected to be lower in species with limited dispersal ability and a high degree of habitat specialization (intrinsic factors). Also, gene flow is predicted to be limited by habitat conditions such as physical barriers and geographic distance (extrinsic factors). We investigated the effects of distance, intervening pools, and rapids on gene flow in a species, the Tuxedo Darter (<i>Etheostoma lemniscatum</i>), a habitat specialist that is presumed to be dispersal-limited. We predicted that the interplay between these intrinsic and extrinsic factors would limit dispersal and lead to genetic structure even at the small spatial scale of the species range (a 38.6 km river reach). The simple linear distribution of <i>E. lemniscatum </i>allowed for an ideal test of how these factors acted on gene flow and allowed us to test expectations (e.g., isolation-by-distance) of linearly distributed species. Using 20 microsatellites from 163 individuals collected from 18 habitat patches, we observed low levels of genetic structure that were related to geographic distance and rapids, though these factors were not barriers to gene flow. Pools separating habitat patches did not contribute to any observed genetic structure. Overall, <i>E. lemniscatum</i> maintains gene flow across its range and is comprised of a single population. Due to the linear distribution of the species, a stepping stone model of dispersal best explains the maintenance of gene flow across its small range. In general, our observation of higher than expected connectivity likely stems from an adaptation to disperse due to temporally unstable and patchy habitat.</p>
Figure 13 in A revision of Peltariosilis Wittmer (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), a surprisingly diverse Amazonian radiation
Figure 13. Tergite VIII of Peltariosilis species, males. (A) P. amapaensis (Wittmer, 1966). (B) P. diversicollis sp. nov. (C) P. major sp. nov. (D) P. gracilicornis sp. nov. (E) P. scutulata (Wittmer, 1952). (F) P. flavicornis sp. nov. (G) P. orientalis sp. nov. (H) P. cleidecostae sp. nov. (I) P. brancuccii sp. nov. (J) P. parviscutellaris sp. nov. (K) P. brunneoapicalis sp. nov. All figures in the same scale. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
Figure 15 in A revision of Peltariosilis Wittmer (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), a surprisingly diverse Amazonian radiation
Figure 15. Aedeagi of Peltariosilis species (dorsal, lateral, dorsolateral and ventral views). (A-D) P. amapaensis (Wittmer, 1966). (E-H) P. diversicollis sp. nov. (I-L) P. major sp. nov. All figures in the same scale. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
Figure 11 in A revision of Peltariosilis Wittmer (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), a surprisingly diverse Amazonian radiation
Figure 11. Pronotum of Peltariosilis species, females. (A) P. amapaensis (Wittmer, 1966). (B) P. flavicornis sp. nov. (C) P. parviscutellaris sp. nov. All figures in the same scale. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
Figure 9 in A revision of Peltariosilis Wittmer (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), a surprisingly diverse Amazonian radiation
Figure 9. Types series of Peltariosilis scutulata (Wittmer, 1952) (A-E) Holotype ("allotype") of Silis (Peltariosilis) scutulata Wittmer, 1952. (A) Dorsal. (B-D) Pronotum. (E) Labels. (F-J) Paratype of Silis (Peltariosilis) scutulata Wittmer, 1952. (F) Dorsal. (G-I) Pronotum. (J) Labels.
Figure 8 in A revision of Peltariosilis Wittmer (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), a surprisingly diverse Amazonian radiation
Figure 8. Primary types of Peltariosilis species. (A-D) Holotype of Silis (Peltariosilis) amapaensis Wittmer, 1966. (A) Lateral. (B) Ventral. (C) Pronotum. (D) Labels. (E-I) Lectotype of Silis guyanensis Pic, 1906. (E) Dorsal. (F-H) Pronotum. (I) Labels.
Figure 7 in A revision of Peltariosilis Wittmer (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), a surprisingly diverse Amazonian radiation
Figure 7. Habitus of Peltariosilis species. (A) P. parviscutellaris sp. nov. (B) P. mitarakaemontis Constantin, 2017. (C) P. brunneoapicalis sp. nov. All figures in the same scale. Scale bar = 2.0 mm.
Figure 12 in A revision of Peltariosilis Wittmer (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), a surprisingly diverse Amazonian radiation
Figure 12. Scutellar projection of Peltariosilis species, males. (A) P. amapaensis (Wittmer, 1966). (B) P. guyanensis (Pic, 1906). (C) P. mensaemontis Constantin, 2017. (D) P. lamellata Constantin, 2017. (E) P. diversicollis sp. nov. (F) P. major sp. nov. (G) P. gracilicornis sp. nov. (H) P. scutulata (Wittmer, 1952). (I) P. flavicornis sp. nov. (J) P. orientalis sp. nov. (K) P. cleidecostae sp. nov. (L) P. brancuccii sp. nov. (M) P. parviscutellaris sp. nov. (N) P. mitarakaemontis Constantin, 2017. (O) P. brunneoapicalis sp. nov. All figures in the same scale. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
Figure 6 in A revision of Peltariosilis Wittmer (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), a surprisingly diverse Amazonian radiation
Figure 6. Habitus of Peltariosilis species. (A) P. gracilicornis sp. nov. (B) P. scutulata (Wittmer, 1952). (C) P. flavicornis sp. nov. (D) P. orientalis sp. nov. (E) P. cleidecostae sp. nov. (F) P. brancuccii sp. nov. All figures in the same scale. Scale bar = 2.0 mm.
Figure 5 in A revision of Peltariosilis Wittmer (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), a surprisingly diverse Amazonian radiation
Figure 5. Habitus of Peltariosilis species. (A) P. amapaensis (Wittmer, 1966). (B) P. guyanensis (Pic, 1906). (C) P. mensaemontis Constantin, 2017. (D) P. lamellata Constantin, 2017. (E) P. diversicollis sp. nov. (F) P. major sp. nov. All figures in the same scale. Scale bar = 2.0 mm.
Figure 4 in A revision of Peltariosilis Wittmer (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), a surprisingly diverse Amazonian radiation
Figure 4. Morphology of aedeagus of Peltariosilis species. (A-D) P. cleidecostae sp. nov. (E-H) P. major sp. nov. Legends: is: internal sac; ls: lateral sclerite; mds: median dorsal sclerite; ml: median lobe; p: parameres; pds: paramedian dorsal sclerites; tg: tegmen; vs: ventral sclerite.
Figure 2 in A revision of Peltariosilis Wittmer (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), a surprisingly diverse Amazonian radiation
Figure 2. Morphology of pronotum of Peltariosilis species, males. (A-C) P. diversicollis sp. nov. (D-F) P. flavicornis sp. nov. Legends: ang: angle of laterobasal lobe; bg: basal groove; dp: dorsal projection; fl: frontolateral lobe; gp: glandular pore; lbl: laterobasal lobe (df: dorsal flap, vf: ventral flap); mg: median groove; sp: scutellar projection.
Figure 1 in A revision of Peltariosilis Wittmer (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), a surprisingly diverse Amazonian radiation
Figure 1. Head of Peltariosilis species, dorsal. (A) P. amapaensis (Wittmer, 1966), male. (B) P. parviscutellaris sp. nov., female.
Figure 10 in A revision of Peltariosilis Wittmer (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), a surprisingly diverse Amazonian radiation
Figure 10. Pronotum of Peltariosilis species, males. (A) P. amapaensis (Wittmer, 1966). (B) P. guyanensis (Pic, 1906). (C) P. mensaemontis Constantin, 2017. (D) P. lamellata Constantin, 2017. (E) P. diversicollis sp. nov. (F) P. major sp. nov. (G) P. gracilicornis sp. nov. (H) P. scutulata (Wittmer, 1952). (I) P. flavicornis sp. nov. (J) P. orientalis sp. nov. (K) P. cleidecostae sp. nov. (L) P. brancuccii sp. nov. (M) P. parviscutellaris sp. nov. (N) P. mitarakaemontis Constantin, 2017. (O) P. brunneoapicalis sp. nov. B, C, D and N modified from Constantin (2017). All figures in the same scale, except B, C, D and N. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
Figure 17 in A revision of Peltariosilis Wittmer (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), a surprisingly diverse Amazonian radiation
Figure 17. Aedeagi of Peltariosilis species (dorsal, lateral, dorsolateral and ventral views). (A-D) P. cleidecostae sp. nov. (E-H) P. brancuccii sp. nov. (I-L) P. parviscutellaris sp. nov. (M-P) P. brunneoapicalis sp. nov. All figures in the same scale. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
Figure 16 in A revision of Peltariosilis Wittmer (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), a surprisingly diverse Amazonian radiation
Figure 16. Aedeagi of Peltariosilis species (dorsal, lateral, dorsolateral and ventral views). (A-D) P. gracilicornis sp. nov. (E-H) P. scutulata (Wittmer, 1952). (I-L) P. flavicornis sp. nov. (M-P) P. orientalis sp. nov. All figures in the same scale. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
Surprise Ancre
C'est une ancre isolée provenant d'un bateau américain Surprise qui a été naufragé en 1885 . Situé dans un chenal entre deux récifs, la majorité des épaves de ce bateau repose actuellement à 17 m de fond dans le territoire maritime de la Région Sud-Ouest de Madagascar, notamment à Salary nord de la commune rurale de Tsifota. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Pedigree-based and phylogenetic methods support surprising patterns of mutation rate and spectrum in the gray mouse lemur
<p>Mutations are the raw material on which evolution acts, and knowledge of their frequency and genomic distribution is crucial for understanding how evolution operates at both long and short timescales. At present, the rate and spectrum of <i>de novo</i> mutations have been directly characterized in relatively few lineages. Our study provides the first direct mutation rate estimate for a strepsirrhine (i.e., the lemurs and lorises), which comprise nearly half of the primate clade. Using high-coverage linked-read sequencing for a focal quartet of gray mouse lemurs (<i>Microcebus</i> <i>murinus</i>), we estimated the mutation rate to be 1.52 × 10<sup>–8</sup> (95% credible interval: 1.28 × 10<sup>−8</sup> to 1.78 × 10<sup>−8</sup>) mutations/site/generation, a rate among the highest calculated for a mammal. Further, we found an unexpectedly low count of paternal mutations, and only a modest overrepresentation of mutations at CpG-sites. Despite the surprising nature of these results, we found both the rate and spectrum to be robust to the manipulation of a wide range of computational filtering criteria. We also sequenced a technical replicate to estimate a false negative and false positive rate for our data and show that any point estimate of a <i>de novo </i>mutation rate should be considered with a large degree of uncertainty. To validate these observations, we conducted an independent analysis of context-dependent substitution types for gray mouse lemur and five additional primate species for which <i>de novo</i> mutation rates have also been estimated. These comparisons revealed general consistency of the mutation spectrum between the pedigree-based and the substitution rate analyses for all species compared.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.