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Fig. 1. Bayesian majority rule consensus tree reconstructed for 90 in Phylogenetic analysis and systematic position of two new species of the ant genus Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Southeast Asia
Fig. 1. Bayesian majority rule consensus tree reconstructed for 90 taxa using five genes (ArgK, CAD, LWRh, Top1, Wg) in a MrBayes analysis. Above node numbers indicate posterior probability. Data were partitioned by PartitionFinder v.1.1.1 and analyzed using a best fit model for each gene and codon position, with 10 million generations and a burn-in of 25 %. Area enclosed by dashed lines is enlarged on Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree constructed with 57 in A review of Bennelongia De Deckker & McKenzie, 1981 (Crustacea, Ostracoda) species from eastern Australia with the description of three new species
Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree constructed with 57 novel COI sequences of Bennelongia, 26 published Bennelongia sequences and one Heterocypris spec. as outgroup (sequence names are given in brackets at the end of species names). This tree represents two trees of identical topology inferred by ML and BI. Bootstrap values (for 1000 bootstrap replicates) from ML analyses and Bayesian posterior probabilities (ranging from 0 to 1) are shown for each node (in the format: 'Bootstrap Support/Posterior Probability'). Branch lengths are proportional to the genetic distance scale at the bottom left. Clades with published sequences have been collapsed; the number of sequences in these clades is included in brackets after the species name. Nodes with less than 50% bootstrap support and a posterior probability of less than 0.5 have been collapsed. The tree shows six strongly supported clades that correspond to the species presented in this study.
Figure 1. Bayesian phylogenetic tree inferred from the 640 in Two new Geoplaninae species (Platyhelminthes: Continenticola) from Southern Brazil based on an integrative taxonomic approach
Figure 1. Bayesian phylogenetic tree inferred from the 640-bp of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene under GTR + I + G model of sequence evolution. The two new species are highlighted in light grey (Cratera ochra sp. nov.) and dark grey (Obama maculipunctata sp. nov.). Values indicate support for each node according to the maximum posterior probabilities>70% and bootstrap support values> 70%, respectively.
Figure 7 in Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees
Figure 7. Megaselia russellsmithi male, hypopygium. (A) Left face; (B) right face (minus penis complex). Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Figure 22 in Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees
Figure 22. Megaselia veluitinicavus male. (A) Left face of hypopygium; (B) tips of right paraphysis and posteroventral region of epandrium; (C) anterior face of hind basitarsus; (D) the internal hairy cavity of the hind basitarsus (anterior focal plane). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figure 8 in Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees
Figure 8. Megaselia russellsmithi female, details of abdomen. (A) Tergites 5–7; (B) sternite 7 and lobes at rear of sternum 8; (C) right cercus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figure 4 in Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees
Figure 4. Megaselia henrydisneyi male, hypopygium. (A) Left face; (B) right face. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Figure 1 in Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees
Figure 1. Megaselia crassipes male. (A) Posterior face of front tarsus; (B) left face of hypopytgium. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Variations in tree growth provide limited evidence of species mixture effects in Interior West U.S.A. mixed-conifer forests
<p>1. In mixed stands, species complementarity (e.g., facilitation and competition reduction) may enhance forest tree productivity. Although positive mixture effects have been identified in forests worldwide, the majority of studies have focused on two-species interactions in managed systems with high functional diversity. We extended this line of research to examine mixture effects on tree productivity across landscape-scale compositional and environmental gradients in the low functional diversity, fire-suppressed, mixed-conifer forests of the U.S. Interior West.</p> <p>2. We investigated mixture effects on the productivity of <i>Pinus ponderosa</i>, <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>, and <i>Abies concolor</i>. Using region-wide forest inventory data, we created individual-tree generalized linear mixed models and examined the growth of these species across community gradients. We compared the relative influences of stand structure, age, competition, and environmental stress on mixture effects using multi-model inference. We analyzed growth of neighboring tree species to infer whether a mixture effect in a single species translated to the stand-level.</p> <p>3. We found support for a positive mixture effect in <i>P. menziesii</i>, although our results were equivocal in light of a weaker but still plausible alternative model. Growth of <i>P. menziesii</i> neighboring species in mixed stands declined or held constant depending on aridity, suggesting that a positive mixture effect in <i>P. menziesii</i> does not necessarily extend to the stand level. We found no evidence for mixture effects in <i>P. ponderosa</i>, <i>A. concolor</i> or their neighboring species.</p> <p>4. Complementarity appears to have a limited influence on tree growth in the mixed-conifer systems of the U.S. Interior West, reflecting limited functional diversity. Historical changes in stand structure following fire exclusion, particularly high stand densities, may limit the potential for positive species mixture effects. The limited species pool of Interior West forests increases the risk that, without careful management, what functional diversity exists could be lost to compositional changes resulting from stand dynamics or disturbance.</p>
Figure 3. Consensus tree for the cytochrome b in Four New Bat Species (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii Complex) Reflect Plio-Pleistocene Divergence of Dwarfs and Giants across an Afromontane Archipelago
Figure 3. Consensus tree for the cytochrome b dataset for representative genotyped specimens of the Rhinolophus hildebrandtii complex. The topology represents the consensus topology from a 20 million MCMC run implemented in BEAST. Estimates of divergence times (million years ago; Mya) are indicated adjacent to nodes or above branches and grey bars indicate 95% HPD values. The split between the Hipposideridae and Rhinolophidae was used as the calibration point. Taxa names include museum/field numbers which correspond to Appendix S1 or GenBank accession numbers and abbreviations are: RcfH - R. cf. hildebrandtiiı RD - R. darlingiı RE - R. eloquensı RF - R. fumigatusı RH - R. hildebrandtii s.l.ı RL - R. landeri and RR - R. ruwenzorii. Localitiesı where availableı are providedı abbreviations include SA - South Africaı MZ - Mozambiqueı and ZW - Zimbabweı and the numbers in parentheses correspond with place names in Table S1 and Fig. 2 for Clade 1 and 2 individuals. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041744.g003
NEXUS file describing the taxonomic relationships of the 466 species for which genome sequencing was underway at Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, at 31 December 2020
<p>This NEXUS file shows the taxonomic relationships of 466 species of eukaryote. The taxonomy derives from the NCBI TaxonomyDB. The species are those for which genome sequencing is underway at the Tree of Life programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, as of 31st Decemnber 2020. The NEXUS file includes a figtree block generated in FigTree [<strong><a href="https://github.com/rambaut/figtree">https://github.com/rambaut/figtree</a>] </strong>that informs display of the data as a circular tree with species coloured by taxonomic Family, and Families with more than one species represented as triangles. The figure is used in publications and presentations describing the activities of the Tree of Life programme and the projects in which Tree of Life is involved, especially the Darwin Tree of Life project [https://darwintreeoflife.org].</p>
FIG. 5 in Terminalia carinata Sabatier & J.Engel, sp. nov. (Combretaceae), a new large tree species from the Guiana shield revealed by re-examination of material previously identified as T. guyanensis Eichler
FIG. 5. — Terminalia guyanensis Eichler: A, fruiting branch; B, transverse section of fruit; C, inflorescences; D, longitudinal section (left) and lateral view (right) of flower; A, B, Sabatier 6331 (CAY); C, D, Sabatier & al. 6018 (P). Drawn by Laurence Ramon. Scale bars: A, B, 2 cm; C, 1 cm; D, 1 mm.
FIG. 3 in Terminalia carinata Sabatier & J.Engel, sp. nov. (Combretaceae), a new large tree species from the Guiana shield revealed by re-examination of material previously identified as T. guyanensis Eichler
FIG. 3. — Leaf abaxial surface in SEM: A-D, Terminalia carinata Sabatier & J.Engel, sp. nov.; note the hidden stomata; E, F, Terminalia guyanensis Eichler; A, B, Sabatier et al. 4891; D, E, De Granville et al. 10958; E, F, Sabatier et al. 6018. Scale bars: A, C, E, 200 µm; B, D, F, 100 µm.
FIG. 2 in Terminalia carinata Sabatier & J.Engel, sp. nov. (Combretaceae), a new large tree species from the Guiana shield revealed by re-examination of material previously identified as T. guyanensis Eichler
FIG. 2. — Terminalia carinata Sabatier & J.Engel, sp. nov.: A, B, inflorescences; C, fruiting branch (note fruit keeled on one side and flat on the other); D, stem with leaves; note: i) the typical Terminalia arrangement of leaves clustered at twig tips; and ii) the leaf margin revolute at very base; E, trunk; F, trunk slash; A, B, Mori & Gracie 18653; C, Sabatier et al. 4891 (type specimen); D, Sabatier 2309. A, B, Photographs by Carol Gracie; C, D, photographs by Daniel Sabatier; E, F, photographs by Julien Engel.
FIG. 1 in Terminalia carinata Sabatier & J.Engel, sp. nov. (Combretaceae), a new large tree species from the Guiana shield revealed by re-examination of material previously identified as T. guyanensis Eichler
FIG. 1. — Terminalia carinata Sabatier & J.Engel, sp. nov.: A, stem with leaves; B, detail of abaxial leaf surface; C, inflorescences with a young shoot of leaves; D, flower; E, longitudinal section of flower; F, three views of stamens; G, fruits; H, transverse section of fruit; A, B, Boom & Mori 2134 (CAY); C-F, Mori & Gracie 18653 (CAY); G, H, Mori & Boom 15121 (CAY). Drawn by Laurence Ramon. Scale bars: A, C, G, H, 1 cm; B, D, E, 1 mm; F, 0.5 mm.
FIG. 4 in Terminalia carinata Sabatier & J.Engel, sp. nov. (Combretaceae), a new large tree species from the Guiana shield revealed by re-examination of material previously identified as T. guyanensis Eichler
FIG. 4. — Distribution of Terminalia guyanensis Eichler and Terminalia carinata Sabatier & J.Engel, sp. nov.: (·) T. guyanensis and (▲) T. carinata Sabatier & J.Engel, sp. nov., herbarium specimens; () T. guyanensis and () T. carinata Sabatier & J.Engel, sp. nov., observations (no voucher) from the GUYADIV and GUYAFOR networks (Engel 2015).
FIG. 6 in Terminalia carinata Sabatier & J.Engel, sp. nov. (Combretaceae), a new large tree species from the Guiana shield revealed by re-examination of material previously identified as T. guyanensis Eichler
FIG. 6. — Terminalia guyanensis Eichler: A, fruiting branch; B, inflorescences; C, trunk; D, bark with a machete slash; A, Sabatier & Molino 5682 (CAY); B-D, Sabatier et al. 6018 (P). A-D, Photographs by Daniel Sabatier.
Figs. 17–20 in Description of a new species of Anthocoris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) from southern India, associated with striped mealybug on purple orchid tree
Figs. 17–20. Anthocoris muraleedharani Yamada, sp. nov. 17 – adult habitus; 18 – mature nymph feeding on solenopsis mealybug; 19 – young nymph feeding on solenopsis mealybug; 20 – eggs inserted into plant tissue (arrows show exposed operculum of egg).
Figs. 1–6 in Description of a new species of Anthocoris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) from southern India, associated with striped mealybug on purple orchid tree
Figs. 1–6. Anthocoris muraleedharani Yamada, sp. nov., paratypes, male (1–2, 5–6) and female (3–4). 1 – head and pronotum, dorsal view; 2–3 – antennae; 4 – left fore wing, dorsal view; 5 – ostiolar peritreme and evaporatorium, left lateroventral view; 6 – abdominal sterna II–III, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm for 1–4, 6; 0.1 mm for 5.
Figs. 12–16 in Description of a new species of Anthocoris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) from southern India, associated with striped mealybug on purple orchid tree
Figs. 12–16. Anthocoris muraleedharani Yamada, sp. nov. 12–13 – habitus of holotype, dorsal and lateral views; 14–15 – head and pronotum, male (14) and female (15), dorsal view; 16 – ostiolar peritreme and evaporatorium, female, left lateroventral view. Scale bars = 1.0 mm for 12–13; 0.5 mm for 14–15: 0.1 mm for 16.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.