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1,862 results for “tuberculosis”
Role of Alkylhydroperoxidase Rv2159c in the Oxidative Stress Response and Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
<p><em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em>, which causes tuberculosis, is one of the leading infectious agents worldwide with a high rate of mortality. Following aerosol inhalation, <em>M. tuberculosis</em> primarily infects the alveolar macrophages, which results in a host immune response that gradually activates various antimicrobial mechanisms, including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), within the phagocytes to neutralize the bacteria. <em>OxyR</em> is the master regulator of oxidative stress response in several bacterial species. However, due to the absence of a functional <em>oxyR </em>locus in <em>M. tuberculosis,</em> the peroxidase stress is controlled by alkylhydroperoxidases. <em>M. tuberculosis </em>expresses alkylhydroperoxide reductase to counteract the toxic effects of ROS. In the current study, we report the functional characterization of an ortholgue of alkylhydroperoxidase family member, Rv2159c, a conserved protein with putative peroxidase activity, during stress response and virulence of <em>M. tuberculosis</em><em>. </em>We generated a gene knockout mutant of <em>M. tuberculosis </em>Rv2159c (MtbΔ2159) by specialized transduction. The MtbΔ2159 was sensitive to oxidative stress and exposure to toxic transition metals. In a human monocyte (THP-1) cell infection model, MtbΔ2159 showed reduced intracellular survival and increased expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, includingIL-1β, IP-10 and MIP-1α, compared to the wild type <em>M. tuberculosis</em> and Rv2159c-complemented MtbΔ2159 strains. Similarly, in a guinea pig model of pulmonary infection, MtbΔ2159 displayed growth attenuation in the lungs, compared to the wild type <em>M. tuberculosis</em> and Rv2159c-complemented MtbΔ2159 strains<em>. </em>Our study suggests that Rv2159c has a significant role in maintaining the cellular homeostasis during stress and virulence of <em>M. tuberculosis</em>. </p>
Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS-attributed mortalities and associated sociodemographic factors in Papua New Guinea: Evidence from the comprehensive health and epidemiological surveillance system
<p>Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS are public health concerns in Papua New Guinea (PNG). This study examines TB and HIV/AIDS mortalities and associated sociodemographic factors in PNG. Method: As part of a longitudinal study, verbal autopsy (VA) interviews were conducted using the WHO 2016 VA Instrument to collect data of 926 deaths occurred in the communities within the catchment areas of the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System from 2018-2020. InterVA-5 cause of deaths analytic tool was used to assign specific causes of death (COD). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify associated sociodemographic factors, estimate odds ratios (OR), 95% confidential intervals and p-values. Result: TB and HIV/AIDS were the leading CODs from infectious diseases, attributed to 9% and 8% of the total deaths, respectively. Young adults (25-34 years) had the highest proportion of deaths from TB (20%) and the risk of dying from TB among this age group was five times more likely than those aged 75+ years (OR: 5.5 [1.4-21.7]). Urban population were 46% less likely to die from this disease compared rural ones (OR: 0.54 [0.3-1.0]). People from middle household wealth quintile were three times more likely to die from TB than those in the richest quintile (OR: 3.0 [1.3-7.4]). Young adults also had the highest proportion of deaths to HIV/AIDS (18%) and were nearly seven times more likely to die from this disease compared with those aged 75+ years (OR: 6.7 [1.7-25.4]). Males were 48% less likely to die from HIV/AIDS than females (OR: 0.52 [0.3-0.9]). The risk of dying from HIV/AIDS in urban population was 54% less likely than their rural counterparts (OR: 0.46 [0.2-0.9]). Conclusion: TB and HIV/AIDS interventions are needed to target high-risk and vulnerable populations to reduce premature mortality from these diseases in PNG.</p>
Data from: IFN-γ-independent control of M. tuberculosis requires CD4 T cell-derived GM-CSF and activation of HIF-1α
<p><strong>RNA sequencing dataset from "Van Dis et al., IFN-γ-independent control of M. tuberculosis requires CD4 T cell-derived GM-CSF and activation of HIF-1α. 2022"</strong></p> <p>The prevailing model of protective immunity to tuberculosis is that CD4 T cells produce the cytokine IFN-γ to activate bactericidal mechanisms in infected macrophages. Although IFN-γ-independent CD4 T cell based control of <em>M. tuberculosis</em> infection has been demonstrated <em>in vivo</em> it is unclear whether CD4 T cells are capable of directly activating macrophages to control infection in the absence of IFN-γ. We developed a co-culture model using CD4 T cells isolated from the lungs of infected mice and <em>M. tuberculosis</em>-infected murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) to investigate mechanisms of CD4 dependent control of infection. This dataset represents RNA sequencing data from M. tuberculosis-infected wild-type and <em>Ifngr-/- </em>murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) after 24 hours of lung CD4 T cell co-culture.</p> <p>CD4 T cells induced differential regulation of 1825 genes in wild-type BMDMs and 1142 genes in <em>Ifngr-/-</em> BMDMs compared to untreated. Although wild-type and <em>Ifngr-/-</em> BMDMs infected with <em>M. tuberculosis</em> were transcriptionally very similar prior to activation, the transcriptome of these genotypes of macrophages diverged after CD4 T cell co-culture. This is likely due in part to the presence or absence of IFN-γ signaling as IFN-γ alone regulates the expression of >2500 genes during <em>M. tuberculosis</em> infection. Still, 769 genes were altered in an IFN-γ-independent manner, with >2-fold upregulation in both wild-type and <em>Ifngr-/- </em>BMDMs. We found no difference in macrophage polarization between untreated M. tuberculosis-infected wild-type and <em>Ifngr-/-</em> BMDMs, and no significant increase in the expression of genes associated with M2 macrophages after CD4 T cell co-culture in either genotype. However, there was significant upregulation of genes associated with M1 macrophages after CD4 T cell co-culture in both genotypes, with wild-type BMDMs slightly more polarized. Collectively, these results show comparable patterns of activation in wild-type and <em>Ifngr-/-</em> macrophage during CD4 T cell co-culture, indicating that CD4 T cells elicit significant polarizing, inflammatory and antimicrobial effects in <em>M. tuberculosis</em>-infected macrophages irrespective of IFN-γ signaling.</p>
Byanyima et al- Feasibility and sensitivity of saliva GeneXpert MTBRIF Ultra for tuberculosis diagnosis in Ugandan adults
<p>The objective of this prospective, observational study carried out at China-Uganda Friendship Hospital-Naguru in Kampala, Uganda, was to determine the performance of GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) molecular testing on saliva for active tuberculosis (TB) disease among consecutive adults undergoing TB diagnostic evaluation who were Xpert Ultra positive on sputum. We calculated sensitivity to determine TB diagnostic performance in comparison to a composite reference standard of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) liquid and solid cultures on two spot sputum specimens. Xpert Ultra on a single saliva sample had a sensitivity of 90% (95% CI 81-95%) relative to the composite sputum culture-based reference standard, similar to the composite sensitivity of 87% (95% CI, 77-94%) fluorescence smear microscopy (FM) for acid-fast bacilli on two sputa. The sensitivity of salivary Xpert Ultra was 24% lower (95% CI for difference 2-48%, p=0.003) among persons living with HIV (71%, 95% CI 44-90%) than among persons living without HIV (95%, 95% CI 86-99%) and 46% higher (95% CI 14-77%, p<0.0001) among FM-positive (96%, 95% CI 87-99%) than among FM-negative patients (50%, 95% CI 19-81%) patients. Semi-quantitative Xpert Ultra grade was systematically higher in sputum than in a paired saliva sample from the same patient. In conclusion, molecular testing of saliva for active TB diagnosis was feasible and almost as sensitive as molecular testing of sputum in a high TB-burden setting.</p>
Determinants of QuantiFERON Plus-diagnosed tuberculosis infection in adult Ugandan TB contacts: A cross-sectional study
<p>Background</p> <p>The tuberculin skin test is commonly used to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in resource-limited settings, but its specificity is limited by factors including cross-reactivity with BCG vaccine and environmental mycobacteria. Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) overcome this problem by detecting <em>M</em>. <em>tuberculosis</em> complex-specific responses, but studies to determine risk factors for IGRA-positivity in high TB burden settings are lacking.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine factors associated with a positive IGRA by employing the QuantiFERON-TB® Gold-plus (QFT Plus) assay in a cohort of asymptomatic adult TB contacts in Kampala, Uganda. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with forward stepwise logit function was employed to identify independent correlates of QFT Plus-positivity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 202 participants enrolled, 129/202 (64%) were female, 173/202 (86%) had a BCG scar, and 67/202 (33%) were HIV-infected. Overall, 105/192 (54%, 95% CI 0.48–0.62) participants had a positive QFT Plus result. Increased risk of QFT-Plus positivity was independently associated with manual employment/unemployment vs. professional employment (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.18, 95% CI 1.01–4.72), a family vs. non-family relation to the index patient (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.33–6.18), living in the same vs. a different house as the index (aOR 3.05, 95% CI 1.28–7.29), a higher body mass index (BMI) (aOR per additional kg/m2 1.09, 95% CI 1.00–1.18) and tobacco smoking vs. not (aOR 2.94, 95% CI 1.00–8.60). HIV infection was not associated with QFT-Plus positivity (aOR 0.91, 95% CI 0.42–1.96).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The prevalence of IGRA positivity in this study population was lower than previously estimated. Tobacco smoking and raised BMI are hitherto unappreciated determinants of LTBI risk in this setting.</p>
Old Tuberculosis Hospital Entrance
Sadly modern Russian people in St. Petersburg no logner care about old building and only wait for nice time to demolish them. Abandoned and burned old hospital still stands in the city centre awating for it's final hour. Athorities have no plans to restore it and prevent any investors from interfering. Sad! http://www.citywalls.ru/house851.html Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
MR1-restricted T-cell clonotypes are associated with 'resistance' to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection - TRA/D immunoSEQ
<p><strong>Summary</strong></p> <ul> <li>Number of files: 39</li> <li>Data format: tsv</li> <li>Data type: TCRA/D immunoSEQ (Adaptive Biotechnologies)</li> <li>immunoSEQ version: v2</li> <li>Sample type: peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)</li> <li>Genomic DNA extraction protocol: QIAGEN DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit</li> </ul> <p><strong>Sample description</strong></p> <p>Peripheral blood samples were collected from participants enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study based in Uganda. Donors were classified as either "resistors" (RSTRs, n = 19, defined as concordantly negative for tuberculin skin test and IFNg release assay despite high environmental exposure) or latently infected with M. Tuberculosis (LTBI, n = 20, concordantly as longitudinally positive for tuberculin skin test and IFNg release assay). Genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from cryopreserved PBMCs without stimulation or enrichment of T-cells using the Quiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit. Protocol can be found at: https://www.qiagen.com/us/products/discovery-and-translational-research/dna-rna-purification/dna-purification/genomic-dna/dneasy-blood-and-tissue-kit </p>
X-linked multi-ancestry meta-analysis reveals tuberculosis susceptibility variants
<p>Globally, tuberculosis (TB) presents with a clear male bias that cannot be completely accounted for by environment, behaviour, socioeconomic factors, or the impact of sex hormones on the immune system. This suggests that genetic and biological differences, which may be mediated by the X chromosome, further influence the observed male sex bias. The X chromosome is heavily implicated in immune function and yet has largely been ignored in previous association studies. Here we report the first multi-ancestry X chromosome specific meta-analysis on TB susceptibility. We identified X-linked TB susceptibility variants using seven genotyping data sets and 20,255 individuals from diverse genetic ancestries. Sex-specific effects were also identified in polygenic heritability between males and females along with enhanced concordance in direction of genetic effects for males but not females. These sex-specific genetic effects were supported by a sex-stratified and combined meta-analysis conducted using the X chromosome specific XWAS software and a multi-ancestry analysis using the MR-MEGA software. Seven significant associations were identified. Two in the overall analysis (rs6610096, rs7888114) and a second for the female specific analysis (rs4465088) including all data sets. For the ancestry specific meta-analysis three significant associations were identified for males in the Asian cohorts (rs1726176, rs5939510, rs1726203) and one in females for the African cohort (rs2428212). Several genomic regions previously associated with TB susceptibility were reproduced in this study, along with strong ancestry-specific effects. These results support the hypothesis that the X chromosome and sex-specific effects could significantly impact the observed male bias in TB incidence rates globally. </p>
Contextualization of enablers and barriers for COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adult tuberculosis patients attending selected clinics in Nairobi County, Kenya
<p>Although vaccination is a cost-effective, equitable, and impactful public health intervention in curbing the spread of infectious disease, low uptake is a significant concern, especially among high-risk population groups. Nearly half of the population is unvaccinated in Nairobi, yet there is a shortage of vaccination information on vulnerable tuberculosis (TB) patients. The interplay of factors influences uptake, and protecting this vulnerable group and the general population from severe disease, hospitalization, and deaths is worthy. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and individual-level enablers and barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adult TB patients attending selected clinics in Nairobi County, Kenya. This cross-sectional mixed-method study was conducted at TB clinics across six sub-counties in Nairobi County. It included 388 participants sampled from each clinic's TB register. Quantitative data was collected using a questionnaire, and qualitative data was collected through key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and mean standard deviation for continuous variables) and inferential statistics (logistic regression). Qualitative data was analyzed through deductive coding and thematic analysis. The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination was 46.1%, with 38.1% receiving complete vaccination. Mistrust in vaccine management (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)= 0.075, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.025-0.229, <em>p </em><0.001) was a significant barrier to COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Perceived covid-19 susceptibility (aOR = 2.901, 95% CI: 1.258-6.688, <em>p </em>= 0.012) and perceived covid-19 seriousness (aOR = 3.294, 95% CI: 1.130-9.604, <em>p </em>= 0.029) were significant enablers of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Qualitative themes related to individual-level barriers and enablers of COVID-19 vaccine uptake were fear of side effects, stigma, myths, and mistrust in the messaging for barriers and desire to protect others and risk perception as enablers. The study revealed critical individual-level factors related to COVID-19 vaccine uptake.</p>
Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis isolates in Gansu, China
<p>Tuberculosis has posed a serious threat to human health. It is imperative to investigate the geographic prevalence of tuberculosis and medication resistance, as this information is essential for informing strategies for its prevention and treatment. Drug resistance was identified using a proportion method. Drug-resistant genes and pathways were predicted using whole genome sequencing. The drug resistance range of bedaquiline was identified using the microporous plate two-fold dilution method, and drug resistance genes were studied using sequencing. The study revealed that 19.99% of the tuberculosis cases had multidrug resistance. The genes of<em> M. tuberculosis</em> are predominantly involved in the synthesis of ABC transporters, two-component systems, and bacterial secretion systems, as well as in energy production and conversion, and lipid transport and metabolism. The genes encode for 82.45% of carbohydrate-related enzymes such as glycoside hydrolases, glycosyl transferases, and carbohydrate esterases. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bedaquiline against clinical strains was approximately 0.06 μg/mL, with identified mutations in drug-resistant genes Rv0678, atpE, and pepQ, specifically V152A, P62A, and T222N, respectively. The multidrug resistance tuberculosis development was attributed to the strong medication resistance exhibited. It was concluded that tuberculosis had presented a high level of drug resistance. Phenotypic resistance was related to genes, existing potential genetic resistance in <em>M. tuberculosis</em>. Bedaquiline was found to possess effective antibacterial properties against <em>M. tuberculosis</em>.</p>
Diagnosis of tuberculosis infection in children with a novel skin test and the traditional tuberculin skin test: an observational study
<p>Codebook of a minimal data set that can be accessed through the MF-DAC of the Universtiy Basel, Switzerland. </p>
TB-CARE: A Novel Convolutional Autoencoder-based Tuberculosis Classification System with Enhanced EfficientNet
<p><span>The novel framework for TB classification using Convolutional AutoencodeR with EfficientNet (TB-CARE) involves the utilization of a convolutional autoencoder for feature extraction, an affinity propagation clustering method for selecting templates, and an enhanced EfficientNet (EEffNet) for classification. Extensive tests are performed on datasets that are freely accessible. The results of our methodology surpassed those of previous approaches, demonstrating its practicality for real-world applications. By leveraging deep learning models within the ensemble method, TB classification achieves a notable area under the receiver operating characteristic of up to 0.99, outperforming other tested classifiers and setting a new benchmark. EEffNet exhibits outstanding performance with an accuracy of 99.8%, sensitivity of 99.8%, and specificity of 99.7% on the NIH chest X-ray dataset and accuracy of 99.6%, sensitivity of 99.9%, and specificity of 99.4% on TBX11 k Dataset. These results indicate that employing features extracted from various image sources can significantly enhance the detection rate.</span></p>
Single Crystal X-ray diffraction data for Mycobacterium tuberculosis BioA
<p>Single crystal X-ray diffraction data for MtBioA related to PDBID: xxxx</p> <p>Data collected at Diamond Light Source, UK</p> <p>Beamline I03</p>
Simulation dataset for "Computational pan-genome mapping and pairwise SNP-distance improve detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission clusters"
<p>Simulated Illumina reads for SNP distance method evaluation and comparison used in the article "Computational pan-genome mapping and pairwise SNP-distance improve detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission clusters".</p> <p>Details for simulation can be found at https://gitlab.com/rki_bioinformatics/panpasco/tree/master/simulation_dataset.</p>
Bovine tuberculosis model for England and Wales (BoTMEW) including model description.
<p>This model is a research tool, which has been released to allow confirmation of model outputs referred to by a paper published in BMC Veterinary Research <a href="http://em.rdcu.be/wf/click?upn=lMZy1lernSJ7apc5DgYM8X-2BU0XJX47KPodALuc5i6bY-3D_OFgvmg1J6naJevMotmPmRq4kYgQ8qSNe-2B7zZNGv6ek02fVecAo7cYwhzLqyA3UrbV6-2FZ3SxptJRsuip92JxM0XFtAQWr5IIYhumLNYchiGTCH-2FbT2bRLcXeRxtcW3cVfxE1koKeOOrp9lcfO6TZgafkYfbuQN6x3d2CY3FQFlr728vT4Wq5Oou9A8SSWGXkIw1gzin24Wx1PNPwbP9xQxH9SJpHs-2FLlYsaqck5RIdtYIfcC5WNJlx4kQQo0lXlXOvOlB5a42hEgZsaQ1HAtxzQ-3D-3D">https://rdcu.be/5NcV</a>. Outputs are only suitable for evaluating the behaviour of the model. The model is not recommended for any other use. Although the overall distribution of cattle herds represents cattle herds in England and Wales during 2008-2010, all individual herd identities are fictional.</p> <p>This dataset has been made available under an Open Government License 3.0. The model uses open access code libraries under licenses that are provided in the file "license.txt".</p> <p>This is the bovine tuberculosis model for England and Wales (BoTMEW), including a model description, and a zip file to download, including executable, parameter and set up files for baseline simulations 2008 - 2022.</p> <p>The model simulates bovine tuberculosis throughout England and Wales at the resolution of individual farms and infected cattle. However, this version is anonymized below county level, so it can only generate outputs at county resolution.</p> <p>The model set up includes a complete anonymized listing of cattle movements to match the model for 2008 - 2010.</p> <p>Full details of the model specification and set up are presented in the document "ModelDescriptionv5.6.pdf", in the most recent version of this upload.</p> <p>The zip includes actual outputs from 10 replicate simulations of the baseline model setup. It also includes a .ods workbook at its top level, which demonstrates how model fit in 2010 was calculated using those outputs.</p>
Left, right os coxa and sacrum of an adult with tuberculosis.
<p>This model was generated as part of 'Digitised Diseases'</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Pathology description</strong></p> <p>On the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies and the right ala (the left has taphonomic damage), there is a continuous layer of new compact bone with irregular areas of remodelled destructive changes continuing into the visible surface in the foramina. There is a delineated area of cortical destruction leaving a scooped out appearance that has a superior border of spiculated new woven bone. This is all in the immediate area of where the rectum is located and is possible evidence of gastrointestinal tuberculosis. On the posterior surface there is destructive remodelling and pitting along the sacral spine. The right half of the sacral auricular surface has been destroyed, and the superior surface is disorganised with irregular new compact bone. On the left sacral auricular surface there are four large, destructive pits/pores, which may be evidence of tuberculosis of the sacroiliac joint.</p> <p> </p> <p>It is not permitted to produce a 3D print from these files</p> <p>This resource is available for educational use under our fair use agreement, please visit http://www.digitiseddiseases.org/ for more details.</p> <p>Please observe good academic practice when citing content sourced from Digitised Diseases. </p> <p>Each model has a master record number, separate description and unique url as identifier. </p> <p>For more information about this model please visit below, this model is made out of the parts.</p> <p>http://www.digitiseddiseases.org/mrn.php?mrn=2</p> <p>http://www.digitiseddiseases.org/mrn.php?mrn=3</p> <p>http://www.digitiseddiseases.org/mrn.php?mrn=4</p>
PRISMA flowchart for Article "Nitric oxide and tuberculosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data and codes for "The impact, costs, and cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis outbreak investigations in the United States: a model-based analysis"
<p>Data and codes for the manuscript entitled:</p> <p>"<strong>The impact, costs, and cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis outbreak investigations in the United States: a model-based analysis"</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Please see Readme.txt for details</strong></p>
Data from: Computer-aided X-ray screening for tuberculosis and HIV testing among adults with cough in Malawi (the PROSPECT study): a randomized trial and cost-effectiveness analysis
<p>Suboptimal tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics and HIV contribute to the high global burden of TB. We investigated costs and yield from systematic HIV-TB screening, including computer-aided digital chest X-ray (DCXR-CAD). Suboptimal tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics and HIV contribute to the high global burden of TB. We investigated costs and yield from systematic HIV-TB screening, including computer-aided digital chest X-ray (DCXR-CAD).</p> <p>In this open, three-arm randomised trial, adults (≥18 years) with cough attending acute primary services in Malawi were randomised (1:1:1) to standard-of-care (SOC); oral HIV testing (HIV screening) and linkage to care; or HIV testing and linkage to care plus DCXR-CAD with sputum Xpert for high CAD4TBv5 scores (HIV-TB screening). Participants and study staff were not blinded to intervention allocation, but investigator blinding was maintained until final analysis. The primary outcome was time to TB treatment. Secondary outcomes included proportion with same-day TB treatment; prevalence of undiagnosed/untreated bacteriologically-confirmed TB on day 56; and undiagnosed/untreated HIV. Analysis was done on an intention to treat basis. Cost-effectiveness analysis used a health-provider perspective. Between 15/11/2018-27/11/2019, 8236 were screened for eligibility, with 473, 492, and 497 randomly allocated to SOC, HIV, and HIV-TB screening arms; 53 (11%), 52 (9%), and 47 (9%) were lost to follow-up, respectively. At 56 days, TB treatment had been started in 5 (1.1%) SOC, 8 (1.6%) HIV-screening, and 15 (3.0%) HIV-TB screening participants. Median (IQR) time to TB treatment was 11 (6.5-38), 6 (1-22) and 1 (0-3) days (hazard ratio for HIV-TB vs. SOC: 2.86, 1.04-7.87), with same-day treatment of 0/5 (0%) SOC, 1/8 (12.5%) HIV, and 6/15 (40.0%) HIV-TB screening arm TB patients (p=0.03). At day 56, 2 SOC (0.5%), 4 HIV (1.0%), and 2 HIV-TB (0.5%) participants had undiagnosed microbiologically-confirmed TB. HIV screening reduced the proportion with undiagnosed or untreated HIV from 10 (2.7%) in the SOC arm to 2 (0.5%) in the HIV-screening arm (risk ratio [RR]: 0.18, 0.04-0.83), and 1 (0.2%) in the HIV-TB screening arm (RR: 0.09, 0.01-0.71). Incremental costs were US$3.58 and US$19.92 per participant screened for HIV and HIV-TB; the probability of cost-effectiveness at a US$1200/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) threshold were 83.9% and 0%. Main limitations were the lower than anticipated prevalence of tuberculosis and short participant follow-up period; cost and quality of life benefits of this screening approach may accrue over a longer time horizon.</p> <p>DCXR-CAD with universal HIV screening significantly increased the timeliness and completeness of HIV and TB diagnosis. If implemented at scale this has potential to rapidly and efficiently improve TB and HIV diagnosis and treatment.</p>
Monoclonal antibodies from humans with Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure or latent infection recognize distinct arabinomannan epitopes
<p>The surface polysacharide arabinomannan (AM) and related glycolipid lipoarabinomannan (LAM) play critical roles in tuberculosis pathogenesis. Human antibody responses to AM/LAM are heterogenous and knowledge of reactivity to specific glycan epitopes at the monoclonal level is limited, especially in individuals who can control <i><span>M. tuberculosis</span></i> infection<span>. </span>We generated human IgG mAbs to AM/LAM from B cells of two asymptomatic individuals exposed to or latently infected with <i><span>M. tuberculosis</span></i>. We here show that two of these mAbs have high affinity to AM/LAM, are non-competing, and recognize different glycan epitopes <span>distinct from other anti-AM/LAM mAbs reported. Both mAbs recognize virulent </span><i><span>M. tuberculosis</span></i><span> and nontuberculous mycobacteria with marked differences, can be used for the detection of urinary LAM, and can detect </span><i><span>M. tuberculosis</span></i><span> and LAM in infected lungs. These mAbs enhance our understanding of the spectrum of antibodies to AM/LAM epitopes </span>in humans <span>and</span> are valuable for <span>tuberculosis</span> diagnostic and research applications.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.