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105 results for “typhlopidae”
FIGURE 4 in The largest blindsnake in Mesoamerica: a new species of Typhlops (Squamata: Typhlopidae) from an isolated karstic mountain in Honduras
FIGURE 4. Montaña de Santa Bárbara, Depto. Santa Bárbara, Honduras, seen from the community of El Cedral, 1580 m elevation, in the vicinity of the type locality of Typhlops tycherus. The highest part of the mountain is>2700 m elevation. Photographed 28 January 2008 by JHT.
FIGURE 2 in The largest blindsnake in Mesoamerica: a new species of Typhlops (Squamata: Typhlopidae) from an isolated karstic mountain in Honduras
FIGURE 2. Scalation of the head of the holotype of Typhlops tycherus. A = dorsal view, B = lateral view.
FIGURE 1 in The largest blindsnake in Mesoamerica: a new species of Typhlops (Squamata: Typhlopidae) from an isolated karstic mountain in Honduras
FIGURE 1. Distribution of Typhlops in eastern Nuclear Central America, shaded areas indicate>1000 m elevation. Triangle = T. tycherus n. sp., diamonds = T. costaricensis, squares = T. stadelmani.
Figure 8 in Ontogeny of the skull of the blind snake Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) brings new insights on snake cranial evolution
Figure 8. Ratio between the length the bones of the gnathic complex and linear skull length plotted against postnatal ontogenetic stages of the anguimorph lizard Ophiodes intermedius, the blind snake Amerotyphlops brongersmianus and the alethinophidian snake Philodryas psammophidea. The successive postnatal ontogenetic stages were ordered according to SVL and named from 1 to 4 corresponding to hatching, juvenile, subadult and adult stages respectively.
Figure 6. A-B in Ontogeny of the skull of the blind snake Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) brings new insights on snake cranial evolution
Figure 6. A-B, internal (endocranial) view of the parabasisphenoid bone in Amerotyphlops brongersmianus throughout ontogeny showing the conformation of the Vidian canal: A, embryo at Stage 33; B, adult. C, endocranial view of the parabasisphenoid bone of the embryo of Liasis mackloti. D, frontal cutaway posterior to the hypophysial fenestra of embryo of A. brongersmianus at Stage 33 showing the cartilaginous nuclei of the trabeculae cranii. E-F, internal views of a sagittal cutaway of the skull of A. brongersmianus throughout ontogeny showing different endocranial apertures of the Vidian canal and presence of the lateral wing of the parabasisphenoid: E, embryo at Stage 33; F, adult. G, lateroventral view of the adult skull of A. brongersmianus showing external apertures of the Vidian canal. H-I, internal views of a sagittal cutaway of the skull of Candoia bibroni throughout ontogeny showing different endocranial apertures of the Vidian canal and the lateral wing of the parabasisphenoid: H, embryo; I, adult. J, lateroventral view of the adult skull of C. bibroni showing external apertures of the Vidian canal. Abbreviations: bo, basioccipital; cbc, cerebral carotid artery; ccf, cerebral carotid foramen; fr, frontal; lo, lateral ossification of the posterior trabecula; ot, otooccipital; p, parietal; pan, palatine nerve; par, palatine artery; pav, primary anterior opening of the Vidian canal; pbs; parabasisphenoid; po; prootic; pov, posterior opening of the Vidian canal; sav, secondary anterior opening of the Vidian canal; t, trabecula cranii; tc, trabecula communis; V, foramen for the maxillary and mandibular rami of the trigeminal nerve; V4, cid nerve; VIIp, palatine ramus of the facial nerve. Scale bars equal to 1 mm.
Figure 3 in Ontogeny of the skull of the blind snake Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) brings new insights on snake cranial evolution
Figure 3. Ventral view of the skull of Amerotyphlops brongersmianus throughout embryonic and postnatal ontogeny. Lower jaw as well as the maxilla, palatine and pterygoid on the left side were digitally removed: A, embryo at Stage 33; B, embryo at Stage 34; C, embryo at Stage 36; D, hatchling; E, juvenile; F, adult. Abbreviations: bo, basioccipital; cs, crista sellaris; et, egg tooth; fr, frontal; fv, fenestra vomeronasalis; hf, hypophysial fenestra; mx, maxilla; ot, otooccipital; p, parietal; pa, palatine; pbs, parabasisphenoid; pmx, premaxilla; po, prootic; pov, posterior opening of the Vidian canal; pfr, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; s, sulcus of the embryonic parabasisphenoid; sav, secondary anterior opening of the Vidian canal; set, scar of the egg tooth; smx, septomaxilla; ut, unossified trabecula; II, foramen for the optic nerve; V, foramen for maxillary and mandibular rami of the trigeminal nerve. Scale bars equal to 1 mm.
Figure 2 in Ontogeny of the skull of the blind snake Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) brings new insights on snake cranial evolution
Figure 2. Dorsal view of the skull of Amerotyphlops brongersmianus throughout embryonic and postnatal ontogeny: A, embryo at Stage 33; B, embryo at Stage 34; C, embryo at Stage 36; D, hatchling; E, juvenile; F, adult. Abbreviations: bo, basioccipital; fr, frontal; mx, maxilla; n, nasal; ot, otooccipital; p, parietal; pa, palatine; pbs; parabasisphenoid; pmx; premaxilla; po, prootic; pp, postorbital process; prf, prefrontal; q, quadrate; so, supraoccipital. Scale bars equal to 1 mm.
Figure 7 in Ontogeny of the skull of the blind snake Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) brings new insights on snake cranial evolution
Figure 7. Lateral and medial views of the lower jaw of Amerotyphlops brongersmianus throughout ontogeny: A, embryo at Stage 33; B, hatchling; C, adult. Abbreviations: a, angular; co, coronoid; cb, compound bone; d, dentary; gc, glenoid cavity; mf, mandibular fossa; rp, retroarticular process; sp, splenial. Scale bars equal to 1 mm.
Figure 1 in Ontogeny of the skull of the blind snake Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) brings new insights on snake cranial evolution
Figure 1. Lateral view of the skull of Amerotyphlops brongersmianus throughout embryonic and postnatal ontogeny: A, embryo at Stage 33; B, embryo at Stage 34; C, embryo at Stage 36; D, hatchling; E, juvenile; F, adult. Abbreviations: a, angular; bo, basioccipital; cb, compound bone; co, coronoid; d, dentary; et, egg tooth; fr, frontal; mx, maxilla; n, nasal; ot, otooccipital; p, parietal; pa, palatine; pbs, parabasisphenoid; pmx, premaxilla; po, prootic; pp, postorbital process; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; smx, septomaxilla; so, supraoccipital; sp, splenial; II, foramen for the optic nerve; V, foramen for both rami of the trigeminal nerve. Scale bars equal to 1 mm.
Figure 4 in Ontogeny of the skull of the blind snake Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) brings new insights on snake cranial evolution
Figure 4. Lateral (left), anterior (centre) and ventral (right) views of the egg tooth of squamate embryos at equivalent pre-hatching stages: A, Lanthanotus borneensis; B, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus; C, Liasis mackloti; D, Naja oxiana. The premaxilla is highlighted in light grey. The ventral view is a horizontal cutaway showing the section of the egg tooth near its base. Scale bars equal to 1 mm.
Figure 7 in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy
Figure 7. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the lateroventral region of the skull in Amerotyphlops species based on HRXCT data. A, Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380); B, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (MZUSP 14674). Insert shows a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm. Abbreviations: mx, maxilla; palmx, palatine maxillary process; palptv, palatine pterygoid ventral process; pt, pterygoid.
Figure 5 in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy
Figure 5. Three-dimensional cutaway views along the sagittal axis of the nasal cavity in Amerotyphlops species based on HRXCT data. A, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (MZUSP 14689); B, Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380). Insert show a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm. Abbreviations: pmx, premaxilla; smx, septomaxilla; vm, vomer; na, nasal.
Figure 6 in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy
Figure 6. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the lateral region of the skull in Amerotyphlops species based on HRXCT data. A, Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380); B, Amerotyphlops montanum sp. nov. (MZUSP 20065); C, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (MZUSP 14674). Insert shows a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm. Abbreviations: mx, maxilla; mxpalf, palatine articulation fossa of the maxilla.
Figure 13 in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy
Figure 13. Hemipenis of Amerotyphlops martis sp. nov. (MNRJ 18744), detail of the apical region on the sulcate (A) and asulcate views (B), sulcate (C) and asulcate sides (D). Scale bar equal to 1 mm.
Figure 3 in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy
Figure 3. Results of partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). A, PLS-DA of the simulated dataset based on seven discrete (pholidosis) and 14 rates characters for five OTUs (Group 1). B, PLS-DA of the simulated dataset based on seven discrete (pholidosis) and 14 rates characters for four OTUs (Group 2). C, LDA of the simulated dataset based on 15 continuous (linear morphometrics) characters for five OTUs (Group 1). D, LDA of the simulated dataset based on 15 continuous (linear morphometrics) characters for four OTUs (Group 2). Species are colour-coded according to OTUs (see Key-colour OTUs, on the bottom).
Figure 2 in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy
Figure 2. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) using the raw dataset based on 36 characters for nine OTUs. A, PCA of females. B, PCA of males. Species are colour-coded according to OTUs (see Key-colour OTUs, on the bottom).
Figure 8 in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy
Figure 8. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the posterior region of the left mandible in Amerotyphlops species based on HRXCT data. A, Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380); B, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (MZUSP 14674). Insert shows a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm. Abbreviations: cb, compound bone; q, quadrate; rp, retroarticular process.
Figure 10 in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy
Figure 10. Geographical distribution of nine species belonging to the genus Amerotyphlops from South America. A, zoomed map of species distributed in the north-eastern Brazil; B, zoomed map of four new species described in this work. Symbols: A. arenensis (black pentagons); A. amoipira (black diamonds); A. brongersmianus (black circles); A. yonenagae (black squares); A. pauciquamus (black inverted triangles); A. martis sp. nov. (black star); A. montanum sp. nov. (black triangles); A. illusorium sp. nov. (black cross); Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (black asterisk).
Fi g ur e 1 5. B o x p l o t o f p a t r i s t i c d i s t a n c e a m o n g Typhlopinae (Amerotyphlops, Typhlops, Antilotyphlops and Cubatyphlops). in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy
Fi g ur e 1 5. B o x p l o t o f p a t r i s t i c d i s t a n c e a m o n g Typhlopinae (Amerotyphlops, Typhlops, Antilotyphlops and Cubatyphlops).
Figure 1 in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy
Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree of Typhlopoidea zoomed into the South American radiation of Amerotyphlops. The numbers on the branch represent bootstrap values> 75%. Letter A indicates the species of northern Brazil (Clade A), and letter B indicates species of the Amerotyphlops brongersmianus species complex (Clade B). Colour on branch represents the cryptic species Amerotyphlops sp. 1 (light blue), Amerotyphlops sp. 2 (dark pink), Amerotyphlops sp. 3 (green), and Amerotyphlops sp. 4 (red).
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