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156 results for “underground”
Data from: Taking eDNA underground: factors affecting eDNA detection of subterranean fauna in groundwater
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Functional traits and phylogenetic structure based on root neighborhoods shape the mechanisms of species coexistence in underground communities
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Unearthing modes of climatic adaptation in underground storage organs across Liliales
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Investigating vegetation responses to underground nuclear explosions at the Nevada National Security Site through integrated analysis
Data was collected to determine response of vegetation to underground explosions that occurred in the late 1980s. All samples were collected from the vicinity of the BARNWELL and DISKO ELM test sites of the Nevada National Security Site. Samples were collected from 2017-2018. Soil chemistry was derived from plant root simulator (PRS) probes manufactured by Western Ag Innovations Inc., in Saskatoon; tree ring samples were collected from increment borers; vegetation transect information was collected in the field using transects and quadrants and species were also collected and photographs taken for identification at a later time; soil bulk density samples were collected with a metal cylinder of known volume, weighted, oven-dried and re-weighted to obtain both the wet and dry weight; hyperspectral reflectance data were collected form the foliage of piñon pine tree species using a hyperspectral camera (FieldSpec 4, Analytical Spectral Devices, Inc (ASD)). More information on sample collection and processing is available in the manuscript that has been accepted for publication: Solander, K.C., Collins, A.D., Swanson, E., Margolis, E.Q., Crawford, B., Miller, E. Chen, M., Lavadie-Bulnes, A., Ryan, M., Borrego, I., Sevanto, S., Schultz-Fellenz, E., 2021, Investigating vegetation responses to underground nuclear explosions through integrated analysis, J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci. (accepted).
Evidence for speciation underground in diving beetles (Dytiscidae) from a subterranean archipelago
<p class="MsoCommentText">Most subterranean animals are assumed to have evolved from surface ancestors following colonisation of a cave system, however very few studies have raised the possibility of 'subterranean speciation' in underground habitats (i.e. obligate cave-dwelling organisms (troglobionts) descended from troglobiotic ancestors). Numerous endemic subterranean diving beetle species from spatially-discrete calcrete aquifers in Western Australia (stygobionts) have evolved independently from surface ancestors; however, several cases of sympatric sister species raises the possibility of subterranean speciation. We tested this hypothesis using vision (phototransduction) genes that are evolving under neutral processes in subterranean species and purifying selection in surface species. Using sequence data from 32 subterranean and five surface species in the genus <i>Paroster</i> (Dytiscidae), we identified deleterious mutations in: long wavelength opsin (<i>lwop</i>), arrestin 1 (<i>arr1</i>), and arrestin 2 (<i>arr2</i>)<i> </i>shared by a sympatric sister-species triplet, <i>arr1</i> shared by a sympatric sister-species pair, and <i>lwop</i> and <i>arr2</i> shared among closely related species in adjacent calcrete aquifers. In all cases, a common ancestor possessed the function-altering mutations, implying they were already adapted to aphotic environments. Our study represents one of the first confirmed cases of subterranean speciation in cave insects. The assessment of genes undergoing pseudogenisation provides a novel way of testing modes of speciation and the history of diversification in blind cave animals.</p>
FIGURES 9–14. Cylindroiulus oromii n in Insular species swarm goes underground: two new troglobiont Cylindroiulus millipedes from Madeira (Diplopoda: Julidae)
FIGURES 9–14. Cylindroiulus oromii n. sp. male gonopod. 9–10: mesal view, 11: pro- & mesomerite, anterior view, 12–13: lateral view, 14: opisthomerite, posterior view. afl: anterior flagellum-conducting lamella, f: flagellum, fl: flagelliferous lobe of promerite, fp: finger-shaped projection of promerite, m: mesomerite, p: promerite, pc: lateral rim of paracoxite, pfl: posterior flagellum-conducting lamella, pp: paracoxal process, s: solenomerite, sc: sperm channel, t: apical fringe. Scale bar: 100 µm.
FIGURE 15. Cylindroiulus oromii n in Insular species swarm goes underground: two new troglobiont Cylindroiulus millipedes from Madeira (Diplopoda: Julidae)
FIGURE 15. Cylindroiulus oromii n. sp. vulva. bu: bursa, op: operculum, rs: receptaculum seminis,. Scale bar: 100 µm.
FIGURE 8. Cylindroiulus oromii n in Insular species swarm goes underground: two new troglobiont Cylindroiulus millipedes from Madeira (Diplopoda: Julidae)
FIGURE 8. Cylindroiulus oromii n. sp. habitus of adult female in situ and preserved. Scale bar: 2 mm. (Inset: photo of live specimen, courtesy of É. Nunes).
FIGURES 2–7. Cylindroiulus julesverni n in Insular species swarm goes underground: two new troglobiont Cylindroiulus millipedes from Madeira (Diplopoda: Julidae)
FIGURES 2–7. Cylindroiulus julesverni n. sp. male gonopod. 2–3: mesal view, 4: pro- & mesomerite, anterior view, 5–6: lateral view, 7: opisthomerite, posterior view. afl: anterior flagellum-conducting lamella, f: flagellum, fl: flagelliferous lobe of promerite, fp: finger-shaped projection of promerite, m: mesomerite, p: promerite, pc: lateral rim of paracoxite, pfl: posterior flagellum-conducting lamella, pp: paracoxal process, s: solenomerite, sc: sperm channel. Scale bar: 100 µm.
The underground life of homeodomain-leucine zipper transcription factors
<p class="western"><span>Roots are the anchorage organs of plants, responsible for water and nutrient uptake, exhibiting high plasticity. Root architecture is driven by the interactions of biomolecules, including transcription factors (TFs) and hormones that are crucial players regulating root plasticity. Multiple TF families are involved in root development; some, such as ARFs and LBDs, have been well characterized, whereas others remain less investigated. In this review, we synthesize the current knowledge about the involvement of the large family of homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) TFs in root development. This family is divided into four subfamilies (I to IV), mainly according to structural features, such as additional motifs aside from HD-Zip, as well as their size, gene structure, and expression patterns. We explored and analyzed public databases and the scientific literature regarding HD-Zip TFs in Arabidopsis and other species. Most members of the four HD-Zip subfamilies are expressed in specific cell types and several ones from each group have assigned functions in root development. Notably, a high proportion of the studied proteins are part of intricate regulation pathways involved in primary and lateral root growth and development.</span></p>
Underground trees inhabit varied extreme environments across the Afrotropics
<p>GBIF records of Lannea, Ozoroa, Parinari and Syzygium in Africa</p>
Underground trees are under threat in the Afrotropics
<p>GBIF records of geoxyles listed by Maurin et al. (2014) in the Zambezi region</p>
Underground Roman Aqueduct in Mérida, Spain
📍 [Merida, Badajoz](https://scaniver.se/L38.94904,-6.33888) This underground roman aqueduct, called Rabo de Buey, located in Mérida (Spain) still works as it was envisioned by the Romans two thousand years ago. Mérida (or Emerita Augusta, as it was called during Roman times) was supplied with water by two aqueducts, which went underground outside of the city. This capture represents one of the accesses to the running water, that Romans used to control the flow and ensure the cleaness of the water. You can read more about it here 👉 https://www.extremaduramisteriosa.com/subterraneo-del-acueducto-rabo-de-buey-san-lazaro Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data for "Poroelastic analyses of ground displacements induced by deep underground fluid injection"
<p>This file includes the parameter setting of the reference models, the parameter adjustments during numerical experiments, and fluid properties.</p>
Figure 1 in Environmental constraints affect underground reproduction of the common toad (Bufo bufo)
Figure 1. Geographical location of the study area within the Carpathian Mountains (A), The map (fragment) of Peştera cu Apă Cave from Gârliştei Gorges (Aninei Mountains, Romania) showing the breeding areas (BA) location (B).
FIGURE 1. Dioscorea flabellispina. A. Staminate plant. B–C. Staminate flower. D. Staminate inflorescence. E. Underground system. F. Fan-like thorns. G. Pistillate plant with fruits. H. Fruit. I in Dioscorea flabellispina (Dioscoreaceae), a new endangered species from the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest
FIGURE 1. Dioscorea flabellispina. A. Staminate plant. B–C. Staminate flower. D. Staminate inflorescence. E. Underground system. F. Fan-like thorns. G. Pistillate plant with fruits. H. Fruit. I. Seed. Illustration by R. Dana.
FIGURE 70. Syagrus procumbens. A. Habit. B. Underground stem. C. Leaf. D. Leaflets. E. Fruit. F. Infructescence. G. Inflorescence. H–J. Pistillate flowers. K–L. Staminate flowers. M–O in A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae)
FIGURE 70. Syagrus procumbens. A. Habit. B. Underground stem. C. Leaf. D. Leaflets. E. Fruit. F. Infructescence. G. Inflorescence. H–J. Pistillate flowers. K–L. Staminate flowers. M–O. Endocarp side view, cross-section showing the interior cavity, side view, and basal end view showing the pores. A–D drawn from images taken by L. Noblick and H. Lorenzi, E–O drawn from R. Tsuji et al. 2277. All scales are in centimeters except C which is in decimeters. Drawn by Wes Jurgens.
FIGURE 58. Syagrus minor. A. Small habit. B. Inflorescence with pistillate flowers. C. Four-parted staminate flower. D. Inflorescence. E. Infructescence. F. Underground stem. G in A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae)
FIGURE 58. Syagrus minor. A. Small habit. B. Inflorescence with pistillate flowers. C. Four-parted staminate flower. D. Inflorescence. E. Infructescence. F. Underground stem. G. Above: two staminate flowers and two pistils; below: staminate flowers. All grids are in centimeters. (Noblick & Campos 5538).
FIGURE 67. Syagrus pleiocladoides. A. Habit. B. Deflexed leaflets. C. Leaf. D. Underground stem. E. Infructescence. F. Inflorescence. G–H. Pistillate flowers. I in A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae)
FIGURE 67. Syagrus pleiocladoides. A. Habit. B. Deflexed leaflets. C. Leaf. D. Underground stem. E. Infructescence. F. Inflorescence. G–H. Pistillate flowers. I. Triad with one pistillate flower flanked by two staminate flowers. J–L. Staminate flowers. M– O. Endocarp basal end showing pores, side view, and cross-section showing the interior cavity. A–D drawn from images taken by L. Noblick and H. Lorenzi, E–O drawn from Lorenzi 6583. All scales are in centimeters except A, C, and D which are in decimeters. Drawn by Wes Jurgens.
FIGURE 2. Curcuma kayahensis Nob. Tanaka & M.M. Aung A. Inflorescence and underground parts forming tubers. B in Taxonomic Studies on Zingiberaceae of Myanmar I: A new species of Curcuma (Subgenus Ecomatae) from Myanmar
FIGURE 2. Curcuma kayahensis Nob. Tanaka & M.M. Aung A. Inflorescence and underground parts forming tubers. B. Inflorescence on ground. C. Upper surface of leaf blade. D. Lower surface of leaf blade. E. Habit.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.